Congressional Medal of Honor Winner Samuel Wright, 29th Massachusetts Inf.: His White Canvas/ Cotton Civil War Haversack. Shows heavy use with reinforcing on one side where the sling attaches and heavy wear where the sling attaches on the other side. Closure is affected with two bone buttons. Retains the original rice bag which is also affixed by two bone buttons. Printed in heavy black ink on the inside edge of the front flap "Samuel Wright". Stenciled on the front of the haversack is "E/29". Norm Flayderman handled the sale of the Wright collection many years ago, which is the point of origin of this haversack. Samuel C. Wright was an 18 year old farmer when he enlisted in the 29th Mass. Vol.. Inf. on 5/18/61. He served with the 29th through the entire war, being mustered out for wounds on 2/3/65. Wright was wounded at White Oak Swamp 6/30/62, Antietam 9/17/62, Bethesda Church, Va. 6/3/64 and Petersburg, Va. 7/30/64. He was awarded the Congressional Medal Of Honor for action at Antietam, when he vol- unteered to tear down a fence in the face of murderous enemy fire. Because of Flayderman's initial presentation of the Wright material, along with his truly remarkable record, Wright is probably, among collectors, one of the best known enlisted men in the Union Army. Important and historic piece. SERGEANT SAMUEL C. WRIGHT, during his service in the War of the Rebellion, participated in thirty battles. In those engagements he was wounded five times and twice reported dead. On one occasion he was shot directly in the right eye, and still keeps the bullet as an awful souvenir of his closeness to death. In speaking of the taking of the fence at Antietam, he says nothing of his own action but describes the wild rush and retreat of the volunteers for that desperate service. "September 16, 1862, found our division (Richardson's) in the advance from South Mountain to Antietam, where we came upon the enemy. The shot from the first piece of artillery fired took off the leg of the color-bearer of my regiment. During the afternoon of that day the artillery fight was at times very lively. Early the next morning troops were sent to engage the enemy in our front. The roar of cannon and small arms was deafening. But, while, from where we lay we could only hear the cannonading, we could not see the enemy, as a growth ofwoods impaired our view. It was, perhaps, as well, that we could not see the carnage wrought. "Soon an aid-de-camp, whose horse was white with foam, rode up to our position and ordered us to cross to the support of the troops so hotly engaged. We left hurriedly, made a detour to the right and left, and were soon fording Antietam Creek. The stream was so deep, that in crossing, we had only to remove the stoppers of our canteens and they would fill themselves. We held rifles and ammunition above our heads. The opposite bank reached, we removed our shoes, wrung out our stockings, and were then ordered forward, straight toward the 'Sunken Road.' Going up the hill we could see the cause of our sudden call. The hill was strewn with dead and dying; yes, and with those unhurt, for to stand was to be instantly killed by the sharpshooters who filled the 'Sunken Road.' The main army in line was only a few feet to the rear of them. "Some 200 yards in advance of our position, which we were holding at a terrible cost, was a fence built high and strong. The troops in advance had tried to scale the fence and reform under that hell of fire. They were actually torn in shreds and wedged into the fence. "The cry came to us for volunteers to pull down the fence. Instantly there sprang from the long line, fast being shortened as the ranks closed up over the dead, seventy-six volunteers. We ran straight for the fence amid a hail of iron and lead, the dead falling all about us, but to reach the fence was our only thought. A part of the force reached it, and, as one would grasp a rail it would be sent flying out of his hands by rifleshots. "The fence leveled, we made the attempt to return, and it was as hot for us on the retreat, as it had been on the advance. Few escaped death or wounds. I had almost regained my regiment, when I was hit. The line then successfully pressed on, and the 'Sunken Road,' or 'Bloody Lane,' as it is now known, was within our lines."Sergeant Wright's intrepidity and fine soldierly qualities were readily conceded by his superior officers and found substantial recognition by two promotions on the field of battle. He was further rewarded by being placed in charge of the prisons at Paris, Ky., and Tazewell, East Tennessee. 1179-689

Civil War Carpet bag identified to Harrison Robertson Residence Warner NH; 19 years old. Enlisted on 5/21/1861 at Warner, NH as a Private. On 6/3/1861 he mustered into "E" Co. NH 2nd Infantry He was discharged for disability on 8/1/1861 at Washington, DC On 9/9/1861 he mustered into "E" Co. US Volunteers 1st SharpShooters He was Mustered Out on 9/9/1864 He was listed as:* Wounded 7/3/1863 Gettysburg, PA Promotions:* Corpl 7/1/1863. The bag measures 13 X 12 inches 1179-701

PAIR OF CONFEDERATE MAJOR'S STARS, HAND SEWN WITH BLUE BACKING. These Confederate Major's stars would have been sewn on either side of a Confederate officer's frock coat. Confederate insignias were made with a cloth backing. These examples are hand- stitched and originally came from a Confederate museum in Knoxville that closed due to the Great Depression. These Confederate Major's stars come with a copy of a photograph of a Confederate wearing similar stars as well as a copy of the newspaper clipping concerning the closing of the museum. Also included is a letter of authenticity from a previous sale. Provenance: Confederate Memorial Museum, Knoxville, Tennessee: Steve Mullinax collection, author of Confederate Belt Buckles and Plates. 1179-711

"Shoe Carved by a Union Prisoner Found While Cleaning Trash Out of Old Libby Prison" The crudely carved shoe measures 3 inches. Libby Prison, in the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, housed Union prisoners of war during the American Civil War (1861–1865). A three-building complex that had been a tobacco factory and then a shipping supply and grocery store, Libby became a prison in March 1862. It was later converted into an officers-only facility, while also serving as a processing center for all Union prisoners. (Union enlisted men were often routed to Belle Isle on the James River.) The officers who stayed at Libby were crowded inside a three-story former tobacco factory in sparsely furnished rooms that exposed them to the elements; they often also suffered from severe food shortages. Their guards, in turn, struggled with controlling a large prison population. In February 1864, 109 prisoners escaped by tunnel, with 59 eventually reaching Union lines. A few weeks later, Union cavalry general H. Judson Kilpatrick and his one-legged protégé Colonel Ulric Dahlgren mounted an ambitious but disastrous rescue attempt, prompting Libby officials to dig a mine, fill it with explosives, and threaten to destroy the facility if any prisoners attempted to escape. Shortly thereafter, Confederate officials began transferring Libby’s population to Georgia, with the facility being used as a place of temporary confinement for the next year. After Richmond fell on April 2, 1865, former Confederate officials became Libby’s newest inmates. 1179-474

Civil War Officers named Dirk measuring 9 inches total with a bone handle that is engraved "Preserve The Union"  The blade is maker marked  West & Sons Sheffield. The throat of the scabbard is engraved Capt. S. H. Gray 7th Ct. Inf. 1861. Overall excellent. Residence Bridgeport CT; Enlisted on 4/24/1861 as a 1st Lieutenant. On 5/11/1861 he was commissioned into "K" Co. CT 3rd Infantry He was Mustered Out on 8/12/1861 at Hartford, CT On 9/13/1861 he was commissioned into "I" Co. CT 7th Infantry He Resigned on 1/27/1864 Promotions: * Capt 8/26/1861 (As of Co. I 7th CT Infantry). THE Seventh Regiment Connecticut Volunteers was organized at New Haven in August, 1861, under the first call for three years men, and contained a large percentage of the lately discharged three months volunteers.  Their previous experience, drill, and discipline so ably seconded the zeal of the officers that the regiment was soon reported ready for active service.  Alfred H. Terry of New Haven, late Colonel of the Second Regiment, was commissioned Colonel, with Joseph R. Hawley of Hartford, late Captain of "Rifle Company A," of the First Regiment, as Lieutenant-Colonel, and George F. Gardiner of New Haven, as Major. The regiment, one thousand and eighteen strong, was mustered into the United States service at New Haven, September 17, 1861, and started next day for Washington, D. C., where it was brigaded with the Sixth Connecticut and Third and Seventh New Hampshire regiments, under command of Brigadier-General Horatio G. Wright.* After three weeks of constant drill the regiment moved to Annapolis, Md., October 8th, where drill was continued until October 19th, when it embarked on steamer for Fortress Monroe, Va., the rendezvous of the Sherman-Dupont expedition, then preparing to sail under sealed orders. Leaving Fortress Monroe October 29th,and encountering a series of heavy gales which wrecked some vessels and scattered the fleet, the regiment arrived off Port Royal, S. C., November 4th.  At the bombardment of Port Royal and the capture of Forts Walker and Beauregard on the 7th of November, the Seventh was the first regiment ashore and into the rebel fortifications, and its colors the first to float over the soil of South Carolina since her secession; an historic fact noted by Governor Buckingham in a congratulatory order which was read before every Connecticut regiment then in the field. After six weeks of very heavy work on the huge fortifications projected at Hilton Head, the Seventh occupied Tybee Island, at the mouth of the Savannah River, Ga., December 19, 1861, and devoted the entire winter to the erection of masked batteries for the reduction of Fort Pulaski, situated on Cockspur Island, adjoining.  This was a most arduous task, owing to the swampy nature of the soil and close proximity to the fort, which compelled the men to work on the batteries only by night, while the days were devoted to landing artillery and ordnance stores two miles farther down the beach (beyond the range of the rebel guns), and in drilling as heavy artillerists for the bombardment when the batteries were finally completed.  The work of hauling timber for the batteries, a well asremoving the immense guns and mortars more than two miles through deep, shifting sands, or deeper and apparently bottomless swamps, where the ponderous "sling-carts" crushed the corduroy roads deep into the treacherous morass (often needing the entire available force of the regiment to move a single gun), was a most formidable undertaking indeed, being all done by night, as the batteries were built upon an open marsh, where there were neither trees nor bushes to conceal operations by day; but the work was completed early in April, 1862. The first 13-inch mortars used during the war were mounted and manned by men of the Seventh, who were drilled by an officer of the regular artillery in the intervals between "night fatigue" details. During the bombardment of Fort Pulaski, on the 10th and 11th of April, 1862, the Seventh manned nine of the eleven batteries engaged, being under fire more than thirty hours, rendering most efficient service, and was once more accorded the honor of being the first to enter and occupy the captured fortress. Then followed many weeks of "fatigue duty," the Yankee facility of adaptation soon transforming the late amateur artillerists into equally expert bricklayers, every available man being employed in rebuilding the fort so lately battered down, or in dismounting and removing the heavy guns in the batteries on Tybee Island. May 19, 1862, Colonel Terry was promoted to Brigadier- General of volunteers, and Lieutenant-Colonel Hawley to the vacant colonelcy. June 1st the regiment left Fort Pulaski, and on the 6th occupied James Island, S. C., the first step towards the investment of Charleston. Frequent skirmishes and an incessant shelling of our lines followed this and subsequent advances, and on June 16th culminated in the battle of Secessionville or James Island.  The Seventh was one of the leading regiments to attack and last to retreat, fighting stubbornly to the rear, losing eighty three officers and men (a large percentage killed), and receiving the warmest praise from brigade and division commanders.  Holding their position in the face of a victorious enemy in superior numbers until July 20th, they then evacuated James Island and returned to Hilton Head, after a bloody and dearly bought experience at the front. Offensive operations at various points in the Department of the South kept the Seventh constantly employed, though with slight losses, until October 22, 1862, when they were engaged in the battle of Pocotaligo, S. C., sustaining a loss of twenty-nine killed and wounded. Frequent expeditions all along the coast from Charleston, S. C., to St. Augustine, Fla., divided the regiment for many months into small battalions, one of which, consisting of Companies A, B, I, and K, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Daniel C. Rodman, led the charges on Morris Island, S. C., July 10th, and on Fort Wagner July 11, 1863.  The attack on Fort Wagner was made at night.  The Seventh gained and carried one face of the fort, but the supporting regiments were unable to endure the heavy fire and fell back in disorder before reaching the fort, leaving the little battalion entirely unsupported.  Holding their position more than an hour, nearly surrounded, outnumbered five to one, their only field officer (Lieutenant-Colonel Rodman) dangerously wounded, and no re-enforcements being sent to their aid, they had to retreat two miles down an open beach under an enfilading fire of artillery and infantry, without cover or support, losing 104 out of 191 officers and men.  The general commanding announced "The Seventh Connecticut has covered itself with glory." Strengthened by the arrival of Colonel Hawley with the remaining six companies from Florida, the Seventh took a prominent part in the siege of Forts Wagner, Gregg, and Sumter, building "Swamp-angel Battery," etc., besides furnishing heavy details of officers and men for artillerists, having sole charge of the 300-pound rifled Parrott, the heaviest gun on the island. Pushing their trenches constantly forward under a very heavy and continuous fire, night and day, five distinct lines of earthworks were finally erected, though with heavy loss, the fifth parallel being established within thirty yards of the face of Fort Wagner, and preparations were being made for carrying the fort by storm when the rebels evacuated the island on the night of September 7th, leaving us in possession of their works. These were at once rebuilt (to face the other way) under the concentrated fire of ten heavy batteries, from which we suffered many casualties.  Heavy guns were mounted, which commanded the entire city of Charleston, as well as their whole line of batteries, effectually checking all offensive demonstrations, and on the 16th of October, 1863, the Seventh returned to Hilton Head, having been in the trenches and constantly under fire for ninety-eight days. Encamping at once on St. Helena Island, the entire regiment commenced drilling as "boat infantry," manning a fleet of flat-bottomed boats, each carrying twenty men, propelled by six paddles on a side instead of oars, to insure noiseless maneuvers.  Gaining the required proficiency in this amphibious warfare after two weeks of constant drill (in which the veterans declared they were fast becoming "web-footed"), the regiment was sent back to Folly Island under special orders, and held in readiness for a night attack upon Fort Sumter from October 30th till November 17th, when the project was abandoned. Returning to St. Helena Island, the regiment was relieved from boat duty and resumed infantry drill.  Early in December their old Enfield rifles were exchanged for Spencer repeating carbines, their sadly thinned ranks were again filled to the maximum by recruits from the North, and drilling was continued with increased vigor to put the new material on a war basis. During December, 1863, three hundred and thirty-three original members of the regiment re-enlisted for three years under the provisions of the "Veteran Act," and on January 13, 1864, went North for a furlough of thirty days in the State. The remainder of the regiment soon went on an expedition into Florida, and were engaged in the battle of Olustee, February 20, 1864.  During the inland march from Jacksonville the Seventh was in the advance during the entire day, and on the skirmish line next day when the battle opened, was actively engaged until its close, losing sixty-nine officers and men; then covered the retreat, acting as rear-guard for eighteen miles, doing much by coolness and courage to retrieve the disasters of the expedition.  On the second day's march, still in the rear, they pushed by hand along the railroad several abandoned cars loaded with valuable stores, which were brought safely into Jacksonville.Encamping on the line of outposts at "Six-Mile Creek," where they were rejoined by the returning "veterans" early in March, the next six weeks were spent in the most arduous and trying duties at the extreme front. April 13th they were ordered to Fortress Monroe, Va., and thence to Gloucester Point, Va., to report to General Wistar, and on May 5th started up the James River under General Benjamin F. Butler. May 6th the regiment was assigned a position on the Bermuda Hundred front, constantly reconnoitering and skirmishing till the 10th, when it took part in the battle of Chester Station.  From the 10th till the 17th it was almost continually engaged at various points in the advance on Richmond, losing two hundred and five men. June 5th the Seventh was in action on the Bermuda Hundred front, losing ninety-four men, and again on the 17th, with a loss of thirty men. Constant skirmishing and outpost duty, with frequent casualties, gave the regiment no rest day or night, and on August 13th it crossed to the north bank of the James River; was in action at Deep Bottom on the 14th and 15th, and at Deep Run August 16th and 18th, with an aggregate loss of forty-five men. On September 17th Colonel Hawley, who had commanded brigades for months, was promoted to Brigadier-General.   Lieutenant-Colonel Rodman had been disabled early in May, and Major Sanford was captured June 2d, so the Seventh was virtually commanded by line officers during the greater part of the "battle summer" of 1864. From September 29th to October 27th the Seventh participated in five engagements before Richmond, losing in all seventy-nine men from a small battalion of less than two hundred. November 2d the regiment joined a detachment sent to New York to assist in quelling the draft riots, but none of the force was landed.  Remaining on transports until November 14th, and then returning to the Richmond front, this brilliant record of service in Virginia closed with two months of winter outpost duty under shelter tents. January 3, 1865, the Seventh, as a part of "Abbott's Brigade," accompanied General Alfred H. Terry on the "second Fort Fisher expedition," leading the final and victorious charge of the brigade after the charge of the sailors and marines was repulsed with heavy loss. A series of minor engagements during the hotly contested advance upon Wilmington resulted in the capture of that city February 22, 1865, and the enemy was being steadily pushed back towards Raleigh when the surrender of the Confederate army under General Johnston virtually ended the war in North Carolina. The Seventh Regiment was mustered out of service at Goldsboro, N. C., July 20, 1865, returning by rail to City Point, Va., thence by steamer to New Haven, where it arrived July 29th, and went into camp at Grapevine Point until final payment and discharge August 11, 1865, after serving three years, eleven months, and twenty-five days. *Wright's Brigade, as finally organized under Sherman, was reported, February 28, 1862, to consist of the Sixth Connecticut Volunteers, Seventh Connecticut Volunteers, Ninth Maine, Fourth New Hampshire, and Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania regiments.  See official Records War of Rebellion, Vol. VI, p237. ENGAGEMENTS:  Fort Pulaski, Ga., April 10-11, 1862. James Island, S. C., June 16, 1862. Pocotaligo, S. C., Oct. 22, 1862. Morris Island, S. C., July 10, 1863. Fort Wagner, S. C., July 11, 1863.Fort Wagner, S. C., July to October, 1863. Olustee, Fla., Feb. 24, 1864. Chester Station, Va., May 10, 1864. Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 10-17, 1864. Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2, 1864. Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 17, 1864. Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14-15, 1864.Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16-18, 1864. Chapin's Farm, Va., Sep. 29, 1864. Near Richmond, Va., Oct. 1, 1864. Newmarket Road, Va., Oct. 7, 1864. Darbytown Road, Va., Oct. 13, 1864. Charles City Road, Va., Oct. 27, 1864. Fort Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15-19, 1865. 1179-645

Identified, heavy white canvas haversack is named to Anthony O. Potts of the 27th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry His White Canvas/ Cotton Civil War Haversack. Shows heavy use with reinforcing on one side where the sling attaches and heavy wear where the sling attaches on the other side. Closure is affected with two bone buttons. Retains the original rice bag which is also affixed by a single bone button. Hand printed on the front of the haversack is "Pott" with a XVIII Corps Badge. Norm Flayderman handled the sale of the Wright collection many years ago, which is the point of origin of this haversack. Anthony O. Pott Residence Ludlow MA; a 39 year-old Farmer. Enlisted on 1/4/1864 as a Private. On 1/4/1864 he mustered into "I" Co. MA 27th Infantry He was Killed on 6/18/1864 at Petersburg, VA. The 27th Regt. Mass. Vol. Inf. was raised in the western counties of Massachusetts by Horace C. Lee of Springfield, who became its colonel. The companies reported at Camp Reed, Springfield, between the 19th and 24th of September, and three quarters of the regiment had been mustered in by September 27. On November 2 the regiment entrained for Annapolis, Md., where it arrived on the 5th. January 9, 1862, as a part of Foster's Brigade, Burnside's Coast Division, it embarked with the Burnside expedition to North Carolina. It was engaged with loss at Roanoke Island, Feb. 8, and with greater loss at Newbern, March 14. In May, 1862, Burnside's force was organized into three divisions, the 27th becoming a part of Stevenson's (2d) Brigade, Foster's (1st) Division. Expeditions or reconnaissance's were made to Batchelder's Creek, Trenton, Washington, and almost to Tarboro during the summer and fall. Plymouth was visited Nov. 10, and on Dec. 3, the regiment returned to Newbern. From Dec. 11 to Dec. 21, the 27th was on the Goldsboro expedition, but suffered only slight loss. The winter was without event of importance after the return from Goldsboro. From March 30, 1863, to April 16, eight companies were shut up in Washington, N.C., which was then besieged by Gen. D. H. Hill. The siege being raised, they returned to Newbern, April 25. Two days later they were sent to Core Creek on the Gum Swamp expedition, again returning to Newbern where the regiment stayed most of the time until October. On October 17, the regiment embarked under orders to proceed to Newport News, Va., arriving on the evening of the 18th. Here it became a part of Heckman's Star Brigade, 2d Division, 18th Corps, Army of the James. During the early winter of 1863-64, 220 members of the regiment re-enlisted and on Jan. 15 went home on a veteran furlough, remaining until Feb. 19. During the winter months 213 recruits joined the regiment, so that it entered the spring campaign with 933 officers and men. After fruitless expeditions to Yorktown and Williamsburg in May, 1864, the regiment returned to Fort Monroe and embarked May 5 for Bermuda Hundred. It was engaged at Port Walthall Junction, May 6 and 7, losing 22 men, 5 of whom were killed or mortally wounded, also at Arrowfield Church, May 9, with a loss of 38, of whom 10 were killed or mortally wounded. At Drury's Bluff, May 16, in the dense fog of early morning the regiment was outflanked and lost over 300 officers and men, 17 of whom were killed or mortally wounded and 259 taken prisoners, many of them dying in Andersonville. In this action Gen. Heckman, their brigade commander, was captured. Transferred to the north side of the James, the regiment was engaged at Cold Harbor, June 2 and 3, losing 104, of whom 30 were killed or mortally wounded. In the four weeks ending June 3 the regiment suffered 488 casualties, 62 being officers and men killed or mortally wounded. The 27th now recrossed to the Petersburg front, being in action June 15, on the very day of its arrival, and again on the 18th, when it lost 11 killed and 28 wounded. August 25 it was withdrawn to the Bermuda Hundred region. In September 179 men whose term of service had expired were sent home to Massachusetts. The rest of the regiment was transferred to North Carolina, where it had seen its first service. After various experiences at Carolina City, Williamston, Newbern, and elsewhere, early in March, 1865, the regiment proceeded to Southwest Creek near Kinston, where it was surrounded by the Confederates March 8, losing 7 killed, 40 wounded, and the rest of the regiment numbering over 200 taken prisoners. The prisoners were taken to Libby Prison in Richmond, Va., and soon paroled and sent home. A fragment of the regiment still performed guard duty at Newbern until June 26, 1865, when it was mustered out and sent home. The survivors reached Readville, Mass., July 7, and on the 19th were paid off and discharged. Of the members of this regiment who were taken prisoners, mostly at Drury's Bluff and Southwest Creek, 142 died in Confederate prisons. 1179-601

Civil War Presentation Fighting Knife of Dirk that measures 10 1/2 inches overall with a blade that is marked Barclay & Bros. Sheffield The nickel crossguard is engraved "Presented to Major L.D. Sargent" Lorenzo Dow Sargent Residence Lawrence MA; a 37 year-old Manufacturer. Enlisted on 8/22/1862 as a Major. On 9/8/1862 he was commissioned into Field & Staff MA 3rd Cavalry He Resigned & Disch disability on 3/10/1865 He was listed as: * Wounded 10/19/1864 Cedar Creek, VA Promotions: * Lt Colonel 2/1/1863 * Colonel 9/2/1864 Other Information: born in 1825 in Windham, NH Member of GAR Post # 39 (Needham) in Lawrence, MA died 9/19/1882 in California Buried: Lawrence, MA. Third Cavalry.-Cols., Thomas E. Chickering, Lorenzo D. Sargent, Burr Porter, Frederick G. Pope; Lieut.-Cols., Ansel D. Wass, Lorenzo D. Sargent, John F. Vinal, Frederick G. Pope, David P. Muzzey; Majs., Lorenzo D. Sargent, John F. Vinal, James McGee, Jonathan E. Cowen, S. Tyler Read, David T. Bunker, Edward L. Noyes, Frederick G. Pope, David P. Muzzey, William M. Gifford, Charles Stone, John A. Comerford. This regiment was formed from four organizations already in the field, viz.: the 41st infantry, and the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd companies unattached cavalry. A sketch of the 41st infantry, prior to the period of its consolidation to form the 3rd cavalry, having been elsewhere given, it will be necessary to give only an outline of the previous history of the three unattached companies. Plans having been made to enlist two carefully selected companies of "Mounted Rifle Rangers," the 1st was recruited in Boston during Sept., 1861, by Capt. S. Tyler Read, and completed its organization Nov. 15; the 2nd was filled before the close of the year, as was a 3rd company of the same nature, the last two being finally organized on Dec. 27, 1861. The 2nd was commanded by Capt. James McGee of Lowell, and the 3rd, by Capt. Henry A. Durivage of Boston. On Jan. 13 1862, the three companies sailed from Boston harbor for Ship island Miss., where they arrived on Feb. 12, and were organized as a battalion under Capt. Read, acting major. When Gen. Butler's division was formed into brigades, one company was attached to each brigade. The 1st, as part of the 1st brigade, left Ship island, April 16, 1862, for New Orleans, and was stationed in its defense until May 1, 1864. The 2nd left Ship island, May 21, joined the brigade at Baton Rouge, under Maj.-Gen. Williams, shared in the engagement there and when the city was evacuated, returned to New Orleans, where it remained until the spring of 1863, forming most of the time a part of Weitzel's brigade. The 3rd had the misfortune to lose its captain, who was drowned in the Mississippi April 23, 1862, and his place was filled by the appointment of Jonathan E. Cowan of the 1st company, but as he was on leave of absence, the organization served under Lieut. Perkins. The 3rd was attached to Weitzel's brigade in Sept., 1862, and was often in action, but met with slight loss. It was encamped at Thibodeaux, La., during the winter of 1862-63. After the consolidation of the four organizations, June 17, 1863 the companies of the 41st infantry retained their original letters, while the 2nd unattached company was designated L, the 3rd M, the 1st continued to be known as "Read's company," and received no letter, as the regiment had thirteen companies. The new organization remained under the command of Col. Chickering and took part in the siege of Port Hudson, remaining at that point until the close of the year 1863, engaged in the active duties falling to the cavalry arm of the service. In the spring of 1864, it took an active part in the Red River expedition, during which it did its full duty losing in the severe action at Sabine cross-roads, 9 men killed, 64 wounded, and 157 of the horses. On June 25, the regiment was dismounted and armed as infantry and during the following month was transferred to Maryland, where it became part of the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 19th corps. After sharing in the various movements in the Shenandoah Valley it was heavily engaged at the battle of Winchester, losing 104 officers and men out of about 600 in action. It was again engaged at Fisher's hill, and Cedar creek, losing in the latter action 77killed and wounded. On Dec. 28, 1864, it went into winter quarters at Pleasant Valley Md., where it was again equipped as cavalry in Feb., 1865, and reporting to Gen. Chapman at Winchester on March 1, engaged in scouting and other duties until April 20. Near the close of the year 1864, the three independent companies were mustered out of service, and their places were taken by one year troops from Mass. The original members of the 41st infantry were mustered out on May 20. The regiment took part in the grand review with Sheridan's cavalry corps; proceeded in June, to Fort Leavenworth, Kan.; served in the States of Kansas and Nebraska during the summer, and was mustered out at Fort Leavenworth, Sept. 28, 1865. It reached Boston Oct. 5, and three days later the men were paid and discharged at Galloupe's island. The total number in the regiment was 98 officers, 2,090 enlisted men. Its losses were 5 officers and 81 men killed or died of wounds; 3 missing; 2 officers, 135 men died by accident or disease, and 32 died as prisoners. Beginning with the muster in of the 41st regiment, it had served more than 35 months, traveled 15,000 miles, and was in more than 30 engagements. 1179-646

Rare Confederate Enlisted Waist Belt that is adjustable with a large, brass frame open claw buckle. Rare to still have the original leather belt.

This is a wonderful Civil War Confederate "Snake" style belt buckle with a tag that reads "Belt Captured by Charles Chewning (9th Va. Cavalry). Buckle put on in Richmond April 1863 found at Centerville Va. after 2nd Manassas" . These were imported from England through the Union naval blockade and often worn by Confederate officers. They have the distinctive double headed snake in the center that joins the 2 large size belt loops. These Civil War excavated versions have the round belt loops that have the attachment rings soldered directly onto the snake side of the belt loops. Charles R. Chewning Residence was not listed; Enlisted on 4/1/1862 as a Private. On 4/1/1862 he mustered into "E" Co. VA 9th Cavalry (date and method of discharge not given) He was listed as: * Absent, sick 1/15/1863 (place not stated) (Sometimes without leave to final roll) * Absent, sick 10/1/1864 (place not stated) (Final roll) Other Information: born in 1840 died in 1912. History: Virginia’s 9th Cavalry Regiment was formed in January, 1862, using John E. Johnson's eight company 1st Battalion, Virginia Cavalry ("Lee's Legion") as its nucleus. These companies and the two added were from the counties of Stafford, Caroline, Westmoreland, Lancaster, Essex, Spotsylvania, Lunenburg, King William, King George, and Richmond. The unit served in W.H.F. Lee's, Chambliss', and Beale's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia. It fought in the Seven Days' Battles and the conflicts at Gainesville, Second Manassas, Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg, Dumfries, Rapidan Station, Brandy Station, Upperville, Hanover, Gettysburg, Williamsport, Funkstown, and Culpeper Court House. The 9th went on to fight at Bristoe, Mine Run, The Wilderness, and Todd's Tavern. Later it skirmished around Richmond and Petersburg, then was active in the Appomattox operations. This unit reported 32 casualties at Upperville, lost four percent of the 490 engaged at Gettysburg, and had 22 disabled at Williamsport. It surrendered 1 officer and 26 men. The field officers were Colonels Richard L. T. Beale, John E. Johnson, W.H.F. "Rooney" Lee, and Thomas Waller; Lieutenant Colonel Meriwether Lewis; and Major Samuel A. Swann.  1179-644

Hand Carved Soldiers Pipe that is hand carved from Fort Delaware to a member of the 37th Tennessee named Henry Medlin. The stem is made of the horn and carved "Ol Billy Damn. Overall length is 7 1/2 inches. Excellent. Henry Medlin Residence was not listed; Enlisted on 10/1/1861 as a Private. On 10/1/1861 he mustered into TN 37th Infantry (date and method of discharge not given) (Estimated date of enlistment). The 37th Tennessee Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment from Tennessee that served with the Confederate States Army in the American Civil War. The regiment was organized in Knoxville in late 1861. It was composed mainly of men from counties such as Grainger, Blount, Sevier, Bradley, Washington, Jefferson, Bedford with others joining from North Georgia and Alabama. Colonel William Henry Carroll had a hard time acquiring weapons for his men, and there delivery to the regiment was delayed for several weeks. By December 9, 1861, Carroll had nearly 800 recruits but had only enough weapons for 200. A week later he was reprimanded by Judah P. Benjamin for not following his order to procure enough weapons, who also threatened to disband the regiment if this issue was not quickly resolved. Within a month, Carroll had armed his regiment and was on the march to meet up with the 38th Tennessee Infantry Regiment under Felix Zollicoffer. The 37th arrived at Mill Springs and were greeted joyously as reinforcements. The entire ordeal turned into a failure, and Zollicoffer died in battle. Carroll was criticized and resigned from his post as a consequence. Chesley Jarnigan, a 28-year-old merchant, took command of the 37th and commanded it until his death in the Battle of Chickamauga.  1179-506

(Script) Confederate States Two Piece Belt & Buckle. The early CS Script 2 piece buckle is in excellent condition. and is attached to a period leather belt with a two piece sword hanger. The leather belt has an old repair but still displays very well. 1179-549

Confederate Texas Identified Haversack, Cap Pouch and Billy Club named to C. Jones of the 15th Texas. To the outside flap, hand painted 15th Texas Regt. and to the interior C. Jones. Showing expected wear for being over 160 years old. The 15th Texas Infantry Regiment was a unit of volunteers recruited in Texas that fought in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The regiment organized in early 1862 and throughout the war served west of the Mississippi River in the Trans-Mississippi Department. In October 1863, the unit was assigned to a brigade led by the French aristocrat Prince Camille de Polignac. The 15th Texas Infantry fought at Stirling's Plantation and Bayou Bourbeux in 1863 and Mansfield, Pleasant Hill, and Yellow Bayou in 1864. The regiment disbanded in May 1865, though the formal surrender date was 26 May 1865. 1179-677

Identified Civil War white linen drawers. The front has a two bone button closure (one missing). Long drawers would have been a must, given the heavy, rough, wool trousers  worn by the soldiers. These drawers have a beautiful ink ID to the interior waist named to William C. Raulston of the 81st New York Infantry and 24th Cavalry and died of his wounds on 12/15/1864. William C. Raulston Residence was not listed; 26 years old. Enlisted on 8/24/1861 at Oswego, NY as a Captain. On 9/14/1861 he was commissioned into "A" Co. NY 81st Infantry He was discharged on 9/6/1863 On 1/27/1864 he was commissioned into Field & Staff NY 24th Cavalry He died of wounds on 12/15/1864 He was listed as: * Confined Danville, VA (date not stated) * Confined Libby Prison, Richmond, VA (date not stated) * Wounded 6/18/1864 Petersburg, VA * POW 9/30/1864 Poplar Grove Church, VA * Wounded 12/10/1864 Sussex Court House, VA (While attempting to escape from Danville) Promotions: * Major 5/31/1862 * Lt Colonel 7/7/1862 * Colonel 1/27/1864 (As of 24th NY Cavalry) Twenty-fourth Cavalry.-Cols., William C. Raulston, Walter C. Newberry; Lieut.-Cols., Walter C. Newberry, Melzer Richards, Charles B. Coventry; Majs., Walter C. Newberry, George G. Wanzer, Mark L. Scoville, Melzer Richards, Albert Taylor, Charles E. Martin. In the fall of 1863, Col. Raulston, formerly lieutenant-colonel of the 81st N. Y. infantry, was authorized to reorganize the 24th N. Y. infantry, which had been discharged by reason of the expiration of its term, as the 24th cavalry. It was accordingly organized at Auburn and was mustered into the U. S. service between Dec. 28, 1863, and Jan. 26, 1864, for three years.  The companies of which it was composed were raised in the counties of Oswego Erie, Monroe, Chemung, Oneida, Otsego, Ontario, Onondaga, Livingston and Albany. The regiment left the state on Feb. 23, 1864, and after a few months at Washington, dismounted, moved on the Wilderness campaign, with Marshall's provisional brigade, 9th corps, and later as part of the 2nd brigade, 3d division, same corps. It fought at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, the North Anna, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor and Bethesda Church.  Its losses at Cold Harbor aggregated 84 killed, wounded and missing.  It arrived before Petersburg on June 16, and in the assault of that day met with one of the severest losses sustained by any regiment engaged, having 38 killed, 156 wounded and 3 missing, a total of 197. At the mine explosion, it lost 9 killed and wounded and was again active at the Weldon railroad in August, losing 13.  It suffered a loss of 60 in the engagement at Poplar Spring Church, and was active at Peebles' farm in October.  It was then mounted and assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd cavalry division, Army of the Potomac, which under Gen. Crook, participated in the actions at Hatcher's run, Prince George Court House, Stony Creek Station, Three creeks Halifax road, Lee's mill and the final Appomattox campaign in which the regiment lost 73 killed, wounded and missing. Col. Raulston was captured by the enemy on Sept. 29, 1864, and in at tempting to escape, was shot on Dec. 10, by one of the sentinels at Danville, dying from the effects on the 15th.  Commanded by Col. Newberry, the regiment was consolidated with the 10th N. Y. cavalry on July 10, 1865, the consolidated force being known as the "1st provisional regiment N. Y. volunteer cavalry." The regiment saw less than a year of active service, but endured much hard service and suffered severely.  It lost 7 officers and 113 men killed and mortally wounded; 1 officer and 133 men died of disease, accidents, in prison etc., a total of 254.  Private George Schmal was awarded a medal of honor for the capture of a flag at Paine's crossroads in April. 1179-421

Identified Civil War Housewife that is named to John E. Leamon and is dated 1861. John E. Leamon Residence was not listed; Enlisted as a Private. On 8/25/1862 he mustered into "H" Co. PA 51st Infantry He was discharged on 12/24/1864 He was listed as: * Wounded 9/14/1862 South Mountain, MD * Wounded 5/6/1864 Wilderness, VA. Fifty-first Infantry.-Cols., John F. Hartranft, Edwin Schall, William J. Bolton; Lieut.-Cols., Thomas S. Bell, Edwin Schall, William Allebaugh; Majs., Edwin Schall, William J. Bolton, Lane S. Hart, Joseph K. Bolton. This regiment was recruited during the summer and fall of I86I by Col. Hartranft for three years' service, most of the officers and men having served for the three months' term. Cos. A, C, D, F and I were recruited in Montgomery county; E, H and K in Union and Snyder; G in Center and B in Northampton. The place of rendezvous was Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, and the regimental organization was completed on Nov. I6 I86I. Two days later it left forAnnapolis, Md., where it remained, perfecting itself in drill and discipline, until Jan. 6, 1862, when it was assigned to the 2nd brigade (Gen. Reno), Burnside's corps, embarked as a part of Burnside's expedition to North Carolina, and landed at Roanoke island on Feb. 7. It shared in the capture of the enemy's works here on the 8th and was active at the battle of New Berne, N. C., in March, where it executed a gallant charge. It was again active in the battle of Camden, losing 3 killed and 21 wounded. It returned to Fortress Monroe in July and was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 9th corps, Gen. Ferrero commanded the brigade. It was active at the second Bull Run and Chantilly, and in Sept., 1862, moved with the 9th corps on the Maryland campaign. It skirmished with the enemy's cavalry at Frederick, Md.; was hotly engaged at South mountain and again at Antietam, where its losses were 125, including Lieut.-Col Bell, and Lieuts. Beaver and Hunsicker killed; Capts. Bolton and Hart, Adjt. Shorkly, Quartermaster Freedly and Lieut. Lynch wounded. Maj. Schall was now promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and Capt. Bolton to major. The command suffered severely in the fierce fighting at Fredericksburg in December, its losses being I2 killed and 74 wounded. It was ordered to Fortress Monroe in March, 1863, brigaded with the 51st N. Y., 2Ist Mass., and IIth N. H., and moved thence, with two divisions of the 9th corps, to Kentucky, being posted successively at Winchester, Lancaster, Crab Orchard and Stanford. In June it moved with its corps under command of Gen. Parke to the support of Grant at Vicksburg, arriving on the I4th and going into camp at Mill Dale. It was employed here and at Oak ridge for several weeks in building fortifications, and joined Sherman in his campaign to Jackson in July. The command then returned to Kentucky, encamping at Camp Nelson, where it rested and refitted after its arduous service in Mississippi. The regiment moved from Camp Nelson to Crab Orchard, where a number of recruits were received, and thence to Knoxville, Tenn. It was active at the battle of Campbell's station, and suffered all the hardships endured by Burnside's army, when besieged in Knoxville by the enemy under Longstreet. After the siege was raised it joined in the pursuit of the enemy, skirmishing with his rear-guard at Rutledge, and later went into winter quarters at Blaine's cross-roads, where the men suffered much from the meager supplies of food and clothing received. On Jan. 5, 1864, the regiment reenlisted for a term of three years and returned to Pennsylvania on 30 days, veteran furlough. While at home the command was rapidly recruited to the maximum strength, as it was a very popular organization, and on the expiration of its furlough it proceeded to Annapolis, where it was assigned to the Ist brigade, Ist division, 9th corps, Col. Hartranft commanding the brigade and Lieut.-Col. Schall the regiment. The 5Ist participated in all the sanguinary engagements leading up to the siege of Petersburg, losing heavily. Dating from the battle at the Ny river, May I2, Col. Hartranft was promoted to brigadier-general, Lieut.-Col. Schall became colonel, Maj. Bolton lieutenant-colonel, and Capt. Hart major. In the fierce fighting at Cold Harbor Col. Schall was killed while leading a charge and was succeeded in command by Lieut.-Col. Bolton. The command arrived in front of Petersburg on the I7th and at once engaged the enemy. It was in action again the next day, capturing and holding a position close to the enemy's works. This position was so exposed that a constant fire was kept up, night and day, for more than two weeks, one-third of the men being constantly employed to hold the position. It formed part of the assaulting column at the explosion of the mine, but was ordered back before it entered the crater.  In this advance, Col. Bolton was severely wounded and Maj. Hart succeeded to the command. The regiment remained on duty in front of the crater for a few days, when it was relieved, and remained encamped in the rear until Aug. I9. It shared in the movement for the capture of the Weldon railroad, and participated in all the subsequent operations of the brigade, including the engagements at Poplar Spring Church, Ream's station, Hatcher's run, and the final assault on Petersburg, April 2, 1865. It was mustered out at Alexandria, Va., July 27, 1865, after four years of most trying service.  1179-591

Civil War Original Issue Hardtack measuring 3 1/4 X 3 1/4 showing minor wear. During the Civil War one of the most common meals for soldiers was a cracker-like food called hardtack. Hardtack is made from flour, water, and salt. Soldiers really didn’t like eating hardtack. It was known as “sheet iron crackers” or “tooth duller” because it was so hard. It also was known for getting wet, which allowed mold to grow in the boxes of it that were supplied to the Army. In addition, insects would sometimes lay their eggs in the hardtack giving it the nickname, “worm castles.” Hardtack was important for the men to eat- it gave them energy they needed, and it was a big part of their diet- so they tried to find all kinds of different ways to eat it. Commonly, soldiers would soften their hardtack in coffee. This also was also a way to help kill the little maggots and worms that lived inside of it, allowing soldiers to skim them off of the top of the coffee. They would also break up the hardtack with the butt (the back part) of their rifles and throw it in soups such as a stew called “lobscouse,” which also included soldiers’ rations of salt pork (which was preserved with salt to make it last a long time too), and any other things they could find to add to it. They also would soak hardtack in water and fry it in bacon fat or lard (animal fat) to make something they called “skillygalee.” If a soldier could afford to spend some of their monthly pay, they might buy ingredients from a sutler, a merchant who sold goods to encamped soldiers. For example, soldiers would sometimes mix hardtack with a can of condensed milk they bought from a sutler. However, sutlers often charged a lot of money for their supplies, so many men could not afford to pay for these goods because their money was needed to support their families back at home. Men sometimes would also forage, or look around an area, for additional ingredients that could be eaten with their hardtack. The Confederates did not always have hardtack, because it was made from wheat flour, and wheat was not widely grown in most Confederate states, aside from Virginia and Georgia. The Confederates instead relied on two crops they grew to make their bread: corn and rice. In particular, they used corn to make something similar to hardtack that was known as “corn dodgers” or “Johnny cakes.” This was a mixture of cornmeal, salt, and water cooked until it was just as dry and hard as the hardtack. Soldiers might try to make them taste better too! They would use whatever grease or fat they could find and fry their Johnny cakes with it to make something they called “cush” or “slosh.” People ate Johnny cakes before the Civil War and they still do today. However, recipes from before and after the war add ingredients that a Confederate soldier might not have had access to- like milk, sugar, and baking soda.

Presentation Walking Cane From a Medal of Honor Winner at the Battle of Gettysburg that measures 35 1/2 inches and is made of a hard wood with a silver band that has been applied with the inscription "Presented to John Rhea by J. J. Purman 1878" James Jackson Purman Residence Greene County PA; 21 years old. Enlisted on 9/4/1862 at Waynesburg, Greene Co., PA as a 1st Lieutenant. On 9/4/1862 he was commissioned into "A" Co. PA 140th Infantry He was discharged for disability on 5/20/1864 He was listed as: * Wounded 7/2/1863 Gettysburg, PA (Severely wounded in left leg, amputated) Other Information: born in Greene County, PA died 5/10/1915 in Washington, DC Buried: Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, VA Gravesite: 1-615 (Born in 1841) Medal of Honor Information: He was awarded the Medal of Honor for action on 7/2/1863 at Gettysburg, PA. (Assisted a wounded comrade to place of safety). 2024-220

Hand Carved Walking Cane measuring 33 inches tall with an Eagle Head for a grip. The top of the head has a Federal Shield and on the throat 28 MASS. Excellent. The 28th Massachusetts Infantry regiment was the second primarily Irish American volunteer infantry regiment recruited in Massachusetts for service in the American Civil War. The regiment's motto (or cry) was Faugh a Ballagh (Clear the Way!)Recruitment and training: The 28th was raised in Boston and received its initial training at Camp Cameron in Cambridge and Somerville. The unit underwent additional training at Fort Columbus in New York Harbor before being dispatched in early 1862 for its first active duty assignment.Service in the war: After serving briefly under Gen. Benjamin Butler in the Carolinas and with the 9th Corps during the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia's first campaign into the North, the 28th Massachusetts was assigned to the II Corps as the fourth regiment of the famed Irish Brigade, commanded by Brig. Gen. Thomas Francis Meagher. By April 1862 the 28th was at Daufuskie Island in South Carolina. A number of companies were sent to Tybee Island, Georgia to set artillery positions. Twenty-two died of malaria and other illness. The regiment came under heavy musket and artillery fire during the Second Battle of Bull Run. Known for their distinctive Tiffany-embroidered green flag and Gaelic war cry, "Faugh a Ballagh" (Clear the Way), the Irishmen of the 28th Massachusetts saw action in most of the Union Army's major eastern theatre engagements – Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, the Overland Campaign, and the siege of Petersburg – and were present for Gen. Robert E. Lee's surrender to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House.Upon completion of their original three-year term of service, many of the 28th's veteran soldiers elected to return to Massachusetts. But a sufficient number re-enlisted by January 1, 1864, to justify the continuation of the regiment as a five-company battalion of "veteran volunteers" until the end of the war. During the Second Battle of Bull Run, Lt. Col. George W. Cartwright was severely wounded, placing Captain Andrew P. Caraher, commander of Company A, in command of the regiment during the Maryland Campaign. Following the Battle of Antietam, however, command of the 28th Massachusetts was given on October 18 to Col. Richard Byrnes, who although himself Irish, had been a regular officer and a 1st lieutenant in the 5th U.S. Cavalry. Although resented and protested by the other officers of the regiment, Byrnes served with distinction and was wounded on June 3, 1864, while leading the Irish Brigade at the Battle of Cold Harbor. He died nine days later. At Fredericksburg, the regiment was put in the middle of the Irish Brigade and led the charge, as they were the only regiment of the brigade that had the distinctive green flag, and since their commander wanted to make it clear to the confederates that they were facing the Irish Brigade, the 28th was planted in the middle. Stage actor Lawrence Barrett served as captain of the regiment's Company B, but served for less than a year, resigning in August 1862. Father Lawrence Stephen McMahon was a curate at Holy Cross Church, Boston and served as chaplain from 1863 to 1865. He later became Bishop of the Diocese of Hartford.Casualties and mustering out: Among all Union regiments, the 28th Massachusetts ranked seventh in total losses. Roughly one-quarter of the 1,746 men who served in the unit were killed, died of wounds or disease, taken prisoner, or reported missing. The surviving veterans of the regiment marched in Washington, D.C., during the Grand Review of the Armies that celebrated the war's conclusion, then traveled home to Massachusetts, where they were paid and discharged from the service at Readville in June 1865.  1179-1379

A pair of wooden Civil War period US Medical Department Crutches measuring 43 1/4 inches. Both are marked USMD to their sides. Excellent. 1179-1655

US M1832 Short Artillery Sword from the Battle of Valverde. This sword was sound in the sand of the River bank at the position of Capt. McRae's Union Battery. A rancher watering his cattle, discovered it in 1871 according to the tag. 1179-1623

Texas Belt Set. Black belt, with an oval tongue buckle, and a bayonet Frog with a knife and holster. The set was displayed At the Brownsville, Texas UCV Museum from 1890 to 1929. The belt is 44" X1 7/8" with a brass buckle and a single Leather keeper. The bayonet frog is 7 5/8" X 3 3/8" and Is crudely sewn, similar to the belt. Excellent.

Tarred canvas Union Civil War backpack identified to the 13th New Hampshire Regiment, approx. 18" x 18 1/2" (closed), with shoulder straps present and intact, showing original brass fittings. Canvas is still supple but does show signs of wear but after 160 years you would also. Excellent. ServiceThe 13th New Hampshire Infantry was organized in Concord, New Hampshire, and mustered in for a three-year enlistment on September 20, 1862, under the command of Colonel Aaron Fletcher Stevens. The regiment was attached to Casey's Division, Military District of Washington, to December 1862. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, IX Corps, Army of the Potomac, to January 1863. 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, IX Corps, to April 1863. 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, VII Corps, Department of Virginia, to July 1863. 3rd Brigade, Getty's Division, United States forces, Norfolk and Portsmouth, Department of Virginia and North Carolina, to April 1864. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XVIII Corps, Army of the James, to July 1864. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, XVIII Corps, to December 1864. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, XXIV Corps, Department of Virginia, to June 1865. The 13th New Hampshire Infantry mustered out of service June 22, 1865. Veterans and recruits were transferred to the 2nd New Hampshire Infantry. Detailed service: Left New Hampshire for Washington, D.C., October 5, 1862. Duty near Fort Albany, defenses of Washington, until December 4, 1862. March to Falmouth, Va., December 5–9. Battle of Fredericksburg December 12–15.  Burnside's Second Campaign "Mud March" January 20–24, 1863. Moved to Newport News, Va., February 9, then to Suffolk March 13. Siege of Suffolk April 12-May 4. Providence Church Road, Nansemond River, May 3. Reconnaissance across the Nansemond May 4. Moved to Portsmouth May 13, then to Yorktown. Dix's Peninsula Campaign June 24-July 7. Expedition from White House to South Anna River July 1–7. Moved to Portsmouth July 8–14; then to Julian Creek July 30, and duty there until March 19, 1864. Moved to Yorktown March 19. Butler's operations on south side of James River and against Petersburg and Richmond May 4–28. Port Walthall Junction, Chester Station, May 6–7. Swift Creek (or Arrowfield Church) May 9–10. Operations against Fort Darling May 12–16. Battle of Drewry's Bluff May 14–16. Bermuda Hundred May 17–27. Moved to White House, then to Cold Harbor, May 27–31. Battles about Cold Harbor June 1–12. Before Petersburg June 15–19. Siege of Petersburg and Richmond June 16, 1864, to April 2, 1865. In trenches before Petersburg until August 27, 1864. Mine Explosion Petersburg July 30 (reserve). Duty on the Bermuda Front until September 26. Battle of Chaffin's Farm, New Market Heights, Fort Harrison, September 28–30. Assigned to duty as garrison at Fort Harrison. Battle of Fair Oaks October 27–28. Duty in works before Richmond until April 1865. Occupation of Richmond April 3. Provost duty at Manchester until June. Mustered out June 22, 1865. Veterans and recruits transferred to 2nd New Hampshire.Casualties: The regiment lost a total of 181 men during service; 5 officers and 84 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 92 enlisted men died of disease. 172-5963

Identified Civil War Confederate Veterans Campaign Hat that is named to the interior Capt. F. Bond 1st MD Cav. Cap is roughly a size 7 1/8 and in excellent condition only missing the sweatband. Francis A. Bond Residence Harford County MD; a 23 year-old Farmer. Enlisted on 5/14/1861 at Leesburg, VA as a Private. On 5/14/1861 he mustered into "K" Co. VA 1st Cavalry He was discharged on 4/23/1862 (Not reelected as 2nd Lieut) On 5/29/1862 he was commissioned into CS Adjutant Genl Dept He was discharged on 6/9/1862 (General Steuart's Staff) On 11/12/1862 he was commissioned into "A" Co. MD 1st Battn Cavalry (date and method of discharge not given) He was listed as: * Commanding Company 1/15/1862 (place not stated) (Estimated day) * Was present 6/8/1862 Cross Keys, VA * Was present 6/25/1862 Seven Days Campaign * POW 7/6/1863 Hagerstown, MD * Wounded 7/6/1863 Hagerstown, MD (Wounded in leg) * Exchanged 4/27/1864 Point Lookout, MD (Disabled) * Hospitalized 5/1/1864 Richmond, VA * Furloughed 5/5/1864 Richmond, VA * Appointed 6/1/1864 General Leventhorpe Staff (As Chief of Staff in North Carolina) * Paroled 5/1/1865 Greensboro, NC Promotions: * 2nd Corpl 6/15/1861 (Estimated day) * 2nd Lieut 8/1/1861 (Elected) * 1st Lieut 11/12/1862 (As of Co. A, 1st MD Cav (elected)) * Capt 11/25/1862 (As of Co. A, 1st MD Cav (elected)) * Major 6/15/1864 (Estimated day) Other Information: born 2/6/1838 in Bel Air, Harford County, MD died 11/12/1923 in Philadelphia, PA Buried: Loudon Park Cemetery, Baltimore, MD (Captain, United Rifles MD State Guard.  Adjutant General of MD.) After the War he lived in Anne Arundel County, MD. Organized at Baltimore and Williamsport, Md., Pittsburg, Pa., and Washington, D. C., August, 1861, to June, 1862. Companies "A," "B," "C," "D," and "F" organized at Baltimore, Md. Company "G" organized at Pittsburg, Pa., as Patterson's Union Cavalry April 5, 1861. Companies "H" and "I" organized in Washington and Allegheny Counties, Pa. Company "K" organized at Allegheny City, Pa., as Morehead's Cavalry Company August 19, 1861. Companies "L" and "M" organized at Washington, D. C., May, 1862. Companies "G," "H," "I" and "K" were attached to 1st Virginia Union Cavalry August, 1861, to January, 1862, when assigned to 1st Maryland Cavalry. Regiment attached to Dix's Command, Baltimore, Md., to March, 1862 (Cos. "A," "B," "C," "D," "E" and "F"). Department of West Virginia to March, 1862 (Cos. "G," "H," "I," "K"). (Co. "K" ordered to Washington, D. C., August 19, 1861. Attached to Landers' Command, Army of the Potomac, to March, 1862. Duty at Williamsport, Hancock and Cumberland, Md.) Hatch's Cavalry Brigade, Dept. of the Shenandoah, to June, 1862. Cavalry Brigade, 2nd Corps, Pope's Army of Virginia, to September, 1862. Cavalry Brigade, 11th Army Corps, Army of the Potomac, to February, 1863. Defences Upper Potomac, 8th Army Corps, Middle Department, February, 1863. 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, Cavalry Corps, Army of the Potomac, to June, 1863. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, Cavalry Corps, to October, 1863. Provost Marshal General's Command, Army of the Potomac, to February, 1864. 3rd Separate Brigade, 8th Army Corps, Middle Dept., to June, 1864. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, 10th Army Corps, Army of the James, Dept. of Virginia and North Carolina, to October, 1864. 3rd Brigade, Cavalry Division, Dept. of Virginia and North Carolina, to April, 1865. Cavalry, Dept. of Virginia, to August, 1865.Service: Skirmishes at Edward's Ferry September 3-4, 1861 (Co. "K"). Action at Greenbrier, W. Va., October 3, 1861 (Co. "G"). Ball's Bluff, Va., October 21, 1861 (Detachment). Stone's Cross Roads, Ball's Bluff, Bath and Alpine Station, January 4, 1862 (Cos. "G," "H" and "I"). Hancock January 5-6 (Co. "K"). Bloomery Gap January 7 and February 14 (Co. "I"). Regiment at Baltimore, Md., till March, 1862. Operations in Shenandoah Valley March to June. Advance on Winchester March 7-15. Pursuit of Jackson up the Valley. Retreat to Williamsport, Md., May 24-26. Middletown May 24 (Cos. "A," "B," "C," "G" and "I"). (Cos. "D," "F," "H," "K" and "L" arrive at Harper's Ferry, W. Va., May 25. Winchester May 25 (Cos. "A," "B," "C," "G" and "I"). Charlestown May 28. Defence of Harper's Ferry May 28-30 (Cos. "D," "F" "H" "K" and "L"). Near Harper's Ferry June 9. Expedition to Madison Court House, Culpeper And Orange Court Houses July 12-17. Near Culpeper July 12. Rapidan Station July 13. Madison Court House August 8. Battle of Cedar Creek August 9. Pope's Campaign in Northern Virginia August 16-September 2. Fords of the Rappahannock August 21-23. Fauquier, White Sulphur Springs, August 23-24. Gainesville August 28. Groveton August 29. Bull Run August 30. Chantilly September 1. Evacuation of Winchester September 2 (Cos. "H," "I"). Frederick, Md., September 6. Boonsboro, Md., September 7. Near Boonsboro September 10. Maryland Heights and Harper's Ferry September 12-13 (Cos. "H," "I"). Cut way through enemy's lines September 14 (Cos. "H" and "I"). Culpeper September 14. Sharpsburg September 15. Capture of Longstreet's trains (Cos. "H," and "I"). Rapidan Station September 16. Duty in the Defences of the Upper Potomac covering Washington, D. C., till December. Manassas, Va., October 23-24. Affair opposite Williamsport October 29 (Detachment). Reconnoissance from Bolivar Heights to Rippon, W. Va., November 9 (2 Cos.). Reconnoissance to Winchester December 2-6 (Detachment). Battle of Fredericksburg December 12-15. Dumfries December 27. Duty in the defences of the Upper Potomac till April, 1863; near Cumberland, Md., Grove Church, near Morrisville, January 26. Chancellorsville Campaign April 27-May 6. Stoneman's Raid April 27-May 8. South Anna Bridge, near Ashland, May 3. Brandy Station, or Fleetwood, and Beverly Ford, June 9. Aldie June 17. Frederick, Md., June 21 (Detachment). Upperville June 23. Middleburg June 25. Westminster June 30. Battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 1-3. Emmettsburg July 4-6. Middletown July 5. Leitersburg July 7. Cavetown July 8. Hagerstown and Old Antietam Forge, near Leitersburg, July 10. Shepherdstown July 14 and 16. Beverly Ford September 6. Advance from the Rappahannock to the Rapidan September 13-17. Culpeper Court House September 13. Rapidan Station September 13 and 15-16. Raccoon Ford September 15. White's Ford September 21. Bristoe Campaign October 9-22. Germania Ford and James City October 10. Near Warrenton October 11. White Sulphur Springs October 12-13. Bristoe Station October 14. Near Centreville and Brentsville October 14. Advance to line of the Rappahannock November 7-8. Mine Run Campaign November 26-December 2. Grove Church, near Morrisville, November 26. Parker's Store November 29. Duty in Middle Department till June, 1864. Princeton May 6. Jeffersonville May 8. Wier Bottom Church, on Bermuda Hundred Front, Va., June 16-17. Richmond and Petersburg R. R. June 19. Deep Bottom July 21. New Market Heights July 27-28. Strawberry Plains, north of the James, August 14-18. Flusser's Mills August 14. Deep Run August 16-18. Siege of Petersburg August 25-September 27. Battle of Chaffin's Farm September 28-30. New Market Heights October 7. Darbytown Road October 13. Fair Oaks October 27-28. Smithfield December 7. Duty before Richmond to March, 1865. Scout to Long and Bottom's Bridge January 30, 1865. Expedition to Fearnsville and Smithfield February 11-15. Appomattox Campaign March 28-April 9. Dinwiddie Court House March 30-31. Five Forks April 1. Sutherland Station April 2. Burgess Mills April 3. Deep Creek April 4. Amelia Court House April 5. Sailor's Creek and Harper's Farm April 6. Farmville April 6-7. Appomattox Court House April 9. Surrender of Lee and his army. March to Danville April 23-29. Duty in the Department of Virginia till August. Mustered out August 8, 1865. Regiment lost during service 3 Officers and 65 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 3 Officers and 130 Enlisted men by disease. Total 201. 2023-2904

New Testament (Union): New York: American Bible Society. Instituted in the year MDCCCXVI 1864. 3 x 4 3/4" in size, complete. Cpl. William Cary, Mercer, Pennsylvania. (1st page). Back page: May God have Mercy On My Soul, For I have Partaking in the of The Battle of Five Forks, Virginia on April 1, 1865, I Fought side by side with My Great General Philip Henry Sheridan in the Great War of Secession. In the Name Of God and Country. Please Lord Forgive me When I Die for the Atrocities I've been to. And I Cpl. William Cary U.S. Cavalry April 1, 1865 shall praise thee my Lord All the Days of my Life. Excellent. 2023-1135

Civil War Confederate ID'ed Map Case measuring 30 inches tall, being made of leather with a capped top. an old paper label attached to the case reads Capt. P.T. ????? Co. H. 15th regiment Texas Cavalry Burkeville Texas. The 15th Texas Cavalry Regiment was a unit of cavalry volunteers mustered into the Confederate States Army in March 1862 and fought during the American Civil War. In July 1862 the unit was dismounted and served the remainder of the war as infantry. The regiment was captured at Arkansas Post in January 1863. After being exchanged three months later, the much-reduced 15th Texas was consolidated with two other regiments and assigned to Patrick Cleburne's division in the Army of Tennessee. The consolidated regiment fought at Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, and Ringgold Gap in 1863. After a re-consolidation, the regiment fought in the Atlanta Campaign, and at Franklin and Nashville in 1864. After a final consolidation the troops fought at Averasborough and Bentonville in 1865. The regiment's 43 surviving soldiers surrendered to Federal forces on 26 April 1865. History: Formation: George H. Sweet briefly served as a private in the Texas Brigade in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. A newspaperman from San Antonio, Sweet obtained an officer's commission and authority to raise his own regiment before returning to Texas. Starting in January 1862, he had little trouble raising ten companies of soldiers. The volunteers equipped themselves with their own horses and gear. As they drilled on courthouse squares, the recruits presented a rather motley appearance. On 10 March 1862, the 15th Texas Cavalry Regiment was accepted into Confederate service at McKinney, Texas. One volunteer recalled that many of the soldiers were middle aged men and boys. By mid-September 1862, the regiment enrolled 1,000 soldiers with Sweet in command. 1862–1863: After the regiment moved into Arkansas, it became subject to the First Conscription Act and was reorganized on 20 May 1862. Due to the Act, about 100 soldiers were discharged for being too young or too old. The Act also specified that the soldiers could elect their own officers. Sweet was reelected colonel, George Bibb Pickett became lieutenant colonel, and William Henry Cathey became major. Soon afterward, Pickett of Wise County was sent home to Decatur, Texas to recruit. On 8 July 1862, the regiment was involved in a skirmish with Federal forces at Batesville, Arkansas in which eight men were killed and seven wounded. Sweet commended Captain Valerius P. Sanders of A Company for "coolness and bravery" under fire. A Union force under Samuel Ryan Curtis numbering 6,000 infantry, 3,000 cavalry, and 1,000 artillerymen occupied Batesville by 1 June. Hoping to cut off Curtis's troops from supplies, Thomas C. Hindman ordered Sweet's regiment to cross the White River above Batesville. Hindman claimed 200 Union troops were captured and a number of wagons were captured before Cadwallader C. Washburn's Union cavalry brigade compelled the Texans to retreat. Soon after, on 24 July, the regiment was dismounted and the men's horses sent home. The soldiers were never remounted and served through the rest of the war as infantry. Cathey resigned for health reasons on 21 October 1862 and was replaced as Major by Sanders. The 15th Texas Cavalry was ordered to garrison the Arkansas Post in the late fall of 1862. The place proved to be a very unhealthy campsite and over 100 men from the regiment died from disease while others were sent home as unfit for duty. About this time, Colonel Sweet left the regiment on detached duty and ended the war as superintendent of Camp Ford, a prisoner-of-war camp. The 15th Texas Cavalry under Major Sanders was assigned to James Deshler's brigade along with the 10th Texas Infantry, and the 17th and 18th Texas Cavalry Regiments, fighting dismounted. In the Battle of Arkansas Post, 30,000 Federal troops led by John Alexander McClernand and 13 gunboats under David Dixon Porter attacked the 5,000 Confederate defenders under Thomas James Churchill. The Union expedition steamed up the Arkansas River in 50 transports and on 9 January 1863 landed the soldiers downstream from the post. The next day, the Federal troops began to envelop the Confederate defenses. That night Churchill received orders to hold the Arkansas Post at all costs. On 11 January 1863, a joint land and naval assault silenced Fort Hindman's guns and overwhelmed the defenders, forcing 4,791 Confederates to surrender. Federal casualties numbered 1,061. In the 15th Texas Cavalry 27 officers and 436 rank and file became prisoners of war. The regiment's number of killed and wounded is unknown, but Assistant Surgeon Nathan Wyncoope was fatally wounded during the fighting. The officers were sent to Camp Chase in Ohio, while the enlisted men traveled to Camp Douglas in Chicago. About 700 of the captured Texans died in only two months of captivity, including approximately 100 men from the 15th Texas Cavalry. The death toll was made worse because a number of the men caught pneumonia and other illnesses on the trip up the river and because few of the men had blankets. On 3 April 1863, the surviving rank and file were sent to City Point, Virginia for prisoner exchange and on 29 April the officers were sent to Fort Delaware. The ordeal of the enlisted men was worse than that of the officers. Many of the survivors were so ill that they subsequently died or were discharged sick. Because this resulted in a surplus of officers, about two-thirds of the officers were sent back to Texas. The remaining soldiers of the 15th Texas Cavalry were consolidated into a single regiment together with the 6th Texas and 10th Texas Infantry. Major Sanders stayed with the new formation. 1863–1865: Patrick Cleburne decided that the Texans were, "a fine body of men out of which good soldiers are made", and accepted them into his division. The consolidated 6th-10th-15th Texas was sent to Wartrace, Tennessee for training. During the Battle of Chickamauga on 19–20 September 1863, the consolidated regiment was led by Colonel Roger Q. Mills and the brigade was led by Deshler. Brigade losses were 52 killed and 366 wounded, a total of 418 casualties. Deshler was killed, so Mills assumed command of the brigade and Lieutenant Colonel T. Scott Anderson took command of the 6th-10th-15th Texas. The other units in the brigade were the 19th and 24th Consolidated Arkansas Infantry Regiment and the 17th-18th-24th-25th Consolidated Texas Cavalry Regiment (dismounted). Deshler's brigade was ordered to advance at nightfall on the first day of Chickamauga. The brigade's skirmish line, moving ahead of the battle line, stumbled into one of Richard W. Johnson's Union brigades in the dark woods and most of the skirmishers were captured. In very confused fighting, Deshler's brigade drifted to the left of its intended track. However, one of its regiments helped capture the colonel and 82 men of the 77th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment. Some of the captured skirmishers escaped in a highly fluid situation. On the second day, Cleburne ordered Deshler's brigade forward to cover the retreat of two brigades that had been driven off. As the brigade reached the crest of a rise, it was struck by a blast of Federal bullets. Cleburne sent orders to Deshler to hold out as long as possible, so the soldiers dropped to the ground and returned fire. For two hours and 30 minutes, Deshler's men held the line, but they suffered hundreds of casualties. Deshler was struck in the chest by an artillery projectile and killed instantly. At 2:00 pm Mills ordered most of the brigade to pull back 20 yd (18 m) and assigned a few sharpshooters to hold the crest. At Chickamauga, the 15th Texas lost five killed, 16 wounded, and 14 captured or missing. The 6th-10th-15th Texas fought with distinction at the Battle of Missionary Ridge on 24–25 November 1863. The regiment formed part of a brigade under James Argyle Smith together with the 17th-18th-24th-25th Texas Cavalry (dismounted) and the 7th Texas Infantry Regiment. Early on 24 November, William T. Sherman's Union troops crossed the Tennessee River and advanced toward the northern end of Missionary Ridge. The commander of the Confederate Army of Tennessee, Braxton Bragg reacted slowly, but he finally ordered Cleburne to halt Sherman's forces. In the late afternoon, Cleburne deployed Smith's brigade on Tunnel Hill just in time to block Union soldiers from occupying it. Following some skirmishing, Sherman sent John M. Corse's brigade to attack Smith's Texans about 10:30 am on 25 November. A brief counterattack threw the Union troops back, but Smith and Colonel Mills were seriously wounded and Hiram B. Granbury of the 7th Texas took command of the Texas brigade. After Mills fell, Captain John R. Kennard assumed command of the 6th-10th-15th Texas. Major Sanders was shot and had to have his right arm amputated. The initial fighting was followed by uncoordinated and unsuccessful assaults by several Federal brigades. Confederate reinforcements soon arrived, but, as related by another Southern soldier, the Texans were reluctant to give up their position in the front line because, "it was the first time they ever had a chance to fight the Yankees from behind breastworks and that they were rather enjoying it". At 4:00 pm, Cleburne launched a major counterattack by striking the Federals' foothold with Alfred Cumming's brigade in front and the 6th-10th-15th Texas on the right flank. The effort proved entirely successful and chased the Union troops off Tunnel Hill, capturing many prisoners. The 15th Texas sustained losses of one killed, seven wounded, and two missing. The 6th-10th-15th Texas fought at the Battle of Ringgold Gap on 27 November 1863. Cleburne deployed Granbury's brigade just to the north of the gap. Attacked by Charles R. Woods's Federal brigade, the Texans opened fire and routed the three leading Missouri regiments. At Ringgold Gap, the 15th Texas lost four men wounded and one captured. During the Atlanta Campaign in 1864, the 15th Texas Cavalry remained consolidated with the 6th Texas Infantry, but the 10th Texas became an independent regiment again. At different times during the campaign, the 6th-15th Texas was commanded by Captains R. Fisher, Matthew M. Houston, J. W. Terrill, R. B. Tyus, S. E. Rice, and Lieutenant T. L. Flint. The Texas brigade, which consisted of the 7th and 10th Infantry, and the 17th-18th and 24th-25th Dismounted Cavalry, was led by Smith, Granbury, and Robert B. Young at various times. The 6th-15th Texas fought at the Battle of Rocky Face Ridge, the Battle of Resaca, the Battle of Pickett's Mill, the Battle of Dallas, the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain, the Battle of Peachtree Creek, the Battle of Atlanta, and the Battle of Jonesborough. In these actions, the 15th Texas lost 13 killed, 58 wounded, and three captured. After the fall of Atlanta, John Bell Hood mounted an invasion of Tennessee in the Franklin–Nashville Campaign. On 30 November, Hood launched a 3:30 pm assault with 38,000 men against 32,000 entrenched Federals under John Schofield. In the Battle of Franklin, the divisions of Cleburne and John C. Brown overran the Union rearguard and broke into the enemy position but were finally driven out by reserve formations. Nevertheless, repeated assaults continued until 9:00 pm when Hood called a halt. The Confederates suffered 6,252 casualties while Union losses were 2,326 of whom half were prisoners. Cleburne, Granbury, and three other Confederate generals were killed. Granbury's brigade started the battle with 1,100 soldiers but ended it with only 450. The 15th Texas lost seven killed including Captain Houston, 10 wounded, and 13 missing. At the Battle of Nashville on 15–16 December, the division was led by Smith while the Granbury's former brigade was led by Captain E. T. Broughton and the 6th-15th Texas was commanded by Captain Tyus. In the Campaign of the Carolinas, the survivors of the Texas brigade were consolidated into a single unit, the 1st Texas under Lieutenant Colonel W. A. Ryan. The 1st Texas was part of Daniel Govan's brigade in Brown's division. Sherman's 60,000 Federal troops marched from Savannah, Georgia, through South Carolina, and into North Carolina before encountering significant resistance from 21,000 Confederate troops at the Battle of Averasborough on 16 March 1865 and the Battle of Bentonville on 19–21 March. Confederate army commander Joseph E. Johnston surrendered to Sherman on 26 April 1865. At the surrender, the 15th Texas Cavalry counted three officers, eight non-commissioned officers, 30 enlisted men, and two teamsters. Altogether, 1,200 men served in the regiment during the war. The last survivor of the 15th Cavalry, Thomas Jasper Franks died in 1939. 1179-1426

Stellar Civil War Rose Ambro of an armed Federal Soldier holding a musket and wearing a forage cap and a 9 button enlisted frock coat and a cartridge box with sling and an enlisted US Belt Buckle. The image is very clear and in excellent condition.

Second pattern model 1898/05 bayonet with the flash guard along the back of its grips introduced in 1915 known as the S 98/05 nA ("Seitengewehr 98/05 neuer Art," or Bayonet ‘98/’05 new Pattern). The maker’s name and location is stamped to the reverse ricasso, being "F. Koeller & Co. Ohligs. Solingen". Complete with original scabbard. A few small dents to the scabbard. Spine is dated for 1917. Shows the expected age and use.

Ancient Native American Stone Axe ,measuring 5 1/2 inches long and 3 1/4 inches wide. Also in the lot is a book titled Ancient Man In Northern Ohio by Raymond C. Vietzen and is signed by the author. Excellent

Indian War Era Officers Cavalry Boots roughly sized 9 with hobnails to the sole of the boot with a stackable leather heel that measures 17 inches tall with the leather body showing wear.

This fine and massive sabre was the product of Joshua Perry who started in business with Joshua Humphreys of Augusta County, Virginia, in 1775-making bayonets. At some point in time he was in New York but disappeared from manufacturer records around 1806. Based on the blade engraving, width, capstan rivet, pierced guard and eagle head type, this is a Delaware school sword manufactured circa 1790. It would have seen use prior to the War of 1812 and beyond. The fully etched blade has wonderful motifs. Measures 32 inches long with a 26 3/4 inch blade. Very Good.

Featured in this lot we have a triangular French saber with ornate brass fittings originating from the early 19th century. The saber shows a triangular steel blade, horn grip, and ornate brass fittings and guard. The brass guard shows the image of a Eagle perched on a branch and bordered by other floral ornamentation. The pommel is decorated with the likeness of two loins heads and the image of a woman's face on either side. The brass fittings are decorated with floral and geometric patterns. The blade is a standard triangular blade made of tempered steel. Triangular blades where popular due to that puncture wounds where almost impossible to fully fix with the medical technology of the time. The blade is marked on the bottom of the ricasso where the blade meets the guard. The piece is in good condition overall with the blade showing a warm patina and some movement in the guard. The saber measures 35 1/2" long overall with a 30" blade.

Fine fluted bone handled 5 ball Eagle Head sword. Broad 28" blade. Gilded brass Eagle head pommel with knot ring and 5 ball guard with leather washer. Handle is very fine.

Leather plumed Visor Hat with a black and red feather plume to its side with a Federal Eagle Cockade. Helmet is missing the liner. Excellent. This wonderful Helmet came to us from the American Armored Foundation, Inc. Tank and Ordnance Memorial Museum. The AAF Tank Museum was a living memorial dedicated to the Tank and Cavalry soldiers of the world. Before 1981 some of the artifacts that make up the AAF Tank Museum was a private collection belonging to Mr. William Gasser. Mr. Gasser felt that his collection would be beneficial in educating present and future generations to the sacrifices made and the technologies gained during war. Therefore, in 1981 the AAF Tank Museum was established as a non-profit charitable organization, and Mr. Gasser donated his private collection to the Tank Museum. Mr. Gasser is still active as Volunteer Director and Curator of the Tank Museum and his knowledge of military history has been a great asset to the museum. Unfortunately after 20 years of operation it had to close its doors, which is when this was acquired.

Lot of two, Early Cannon Worms that are complete with wood handles. The largest measures 7 feet long Both are excellent. 1179-1144 1179-1661

Panel plates, so called from the use of the central rectangular panel with scalloped corners setting off a central emblem against a frame border, came in around 1835 and became very popular in the 1840s, with an enthusiastic market among militia units. O’Donnell and Campbell think this die strike may be a Horstmann product with the original die sunk in the 1830s. An eagle with arrows and olive branch forms the central motif on the scalloped corner panel. The outer frame uses thirteen stars and a U.S. shield with branches extending on either side at bottom, all on a stippled ground. The condition is excellent, with no bends, dings, dents or cracks. The applied belt loop and tongue bar are in place on the reverse, which has some gilt and some scattered dark spots. Excellent.

This lot of two US Marine Corps EM/NCO's Cap Devices including 1) Harder to find WWI enlisted EGA cap device. Still retains the original retaining nut and has a wonderful patina! 2) Harder to find WW1 enlisted EGA cap device still retaining the original nut having a wonderful patina!

Grand Army of the Republic / GAR sword in the form of a Civil War staff officer's sword with leather grip, wire wrapped, and GAR guard with federal eagle on the pommel. Blade is engraved with a large Eagle with E. Pluribus Unum and an image of Lincoln . 29 1/2" blade 37" overall length. Scabbard has age wear, blade is excellent. The Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) was a fraternal organization composed of veterans of the Union Army (United States Army), Union Navy (U.S. Navy), and the Marines who served in the American Civil War. It was founded in 1866 in Decatur, Illinois, and grew to include hundreds of "posts" (local community units) across the nation (predominantly in the North, but also a few in the South and West). It was dissolved in 1956 at the death of its last member, Albert Woolson (1850–1956) of Duluth, Minnesota. Linking men through their experience of the war, the G.A.R. became among the first organized advocacy groups in American politics, supporting voting rights for black veterans, promoting patriotic education, helping to make Memorial Day a national holiday, lobbying the United States Congress to establish regular veterans' pensions, and supporting Republican political candidates. Its peak membership, at 410,000, was in 1890, a high point of various Civil War commemorative and monument dedication ceremonies. It was succeeded by the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War (SUVCW), composed of male descendants of Union Army and Union Navy veterans.

M1858 smoothside canteen that has been painted gold with a a Federal Eagle with E. Pluribus Unum. Excellent.

Rifled artillery projectile, Read design, Confederate manufacture, bursting shell, pattern with smooth sides, copper ring sabot, Brass time fuze, Confederate unknown rifle, 3 inch. Projectile was Confederate manufactured during the war. Read developed this copper sabot, it was more flexible than the earlier wrought iron sabot. A smooth sided long shell was produced by both sides, this Confederate version is distinguished by a lathe dimple in the base, a casting sprue on the nose, and the smooth sides were finished by turning on a lathe. Shell measures: diameter 3in., length 7.50in.

Civil War Iron Solid Shot Projectile measuring 4 inches and is in excellent condition.

Very well made  canteen or flask that is made identical to a M1858 Smooth Canteen with an applied Token from the NY Fort Edward Harvey & Co. dated 1863 but much smaller. It's about half the size of a normal M1858 Canteen. This canteen is extremely well made.

M1858 smoothside canteen that has been painted gold. Excellent.

Early brass rectangular belt plate worn by Maryland volunteers during the Civil War. Prior to the war, many of the state’s volunteer militia units contracted with the well known firm of Emerson Gaylord of Chicopee, Massachusetts and purchased a number of these gilted rectangular sword belt plate accoutrements. Many of these Maryland sword belt plates went south with their volunteers and are occasionally excavated in Confederate campsites. In great condition, this handsome cast brass, slightly convex-shaped with a slight (not natural twist - see pics), uniform sword belt plate is a rectangular pattern plate that measures 51 mm x 88 mm. Constructed of solid brass that was impressed with a quality metal die, the plate face bears has a highly detailed rendition of the Maryland state seal set within an oval and all on a fine stippled background. On the reverse, the belt plate bears a 7/8” long tongue brazed on. No benchmarks or maker’s marks are visible. This handsome waist plate, likely an officer’s or cavalryman’s, supported the individual’s sword belt. Excellent.

Named Civil War Confederate Veterans Southern Cross of Honor Medal awarded to Theophilus Stallings of the 30th North Carolina Infantry.  His residence is listed from Warren County NC and was 28 years old. when he enlisted on 9/26/1861 at Brunswick County, NC as a Private. On 9/26/1861 he mustered into "B" Co. NC 30th Infantry. He was Surrendered on 4/9/1865 at Appomattox Court House, VA. Promotions: * Qtr Master Serg 10/16/1861 Intra Regimental Company Transfers: * 10/16/1861 from company B to Field & Staff. Antietam after battle report: Reports of Maj. William W. Sillers, Thirtieth North Carolina Infantry, of the battles of Boonsborough and Sharpsburg. EIGHT MILES NORTH OF WINCHESTER, VA., October 13, 1862. In obedience to orders, I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Thirtieth Regiment North Carolina Troops, Col. F. M. Parker commanding, in the battle of South Mountain, September 14, to wit: The regiment, except as to its skirmishers, was not actually engaged with any visible portion of the enemy's forces at any time during the battle. Late in the forenoon our skirmishers exchanged a few shots with those of the enemy near the point where Gen. Garland's brigade engaged the enemy, by which we lost 1 captain and 3 privates wounded; total,4. A few minutes before night the regiment was under fire from an unseen foe. The fire was replied to; with what effect is not known, as it soon became dark and the brigade moved down the mountain. We changed position several times during the day, marching up and down the mountain. In these movements, made very rapidly and in the heat of the day, some of the men became exhausted and fell out of the ranks. Others were, no doubt, wounded, in the random firing late in the afternoon, causing a loss, in missing, of 15 privates, and making a total of wounded and missing, during the day, of 19. Respectfully submitted. W.W.SILLERS, Maj., Commanding. Col. W.P. BYNUM, Commanding Brigade. ----- EIGHT MILES NORTH OF WINCHESTER, VA., October 13, 1862. In obedience to orders, I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Thirtieth Regiment North Carolina Troops in the battle of Sharpsburg, September 17, to wit: Supposing that the main  road which leads from the bridge across Antietam Creek through the center of Sharpsburg to run north and south, our brigade took position northwest and about half a mile from the town, and the Thirtieth Regiment was on the right of the brigade. Our line was formed in a road which, by the wear of travel, had been let down to the depots of a foot or more into the earth. In front of the right wing of our regiment, and at a distance of not more than 50 paces, there was a ravine which, extending diagonally to the left, gradually narrowed down the level space in front until in front of the extreme left of the Thirtieth there was not more than 30 paces of level ground. Our position was taken, I suppose, about 8.30 a.m. In the space of half or three-quarters of an hour the enemy made his appearance, crossed the ravine, and began his advance up the hill. A well-directed fire broke his line and drove him back. Up to this time, as far as the eye could reach to the right (300 yards), there was no support to our brigade; but about this time Brig.-Gen. Wright's brigade came up. The enemy continued to make his appearance, first on one hill then another, but always at long range. The line was ordered to advance, and halted on the edge of the ravine. Here a hot fire was kept for a few minutes. Soon the line was ordered to take its first position, and did so. In a very short time Col. Parker passed me, retiring, seriously wounded, from the field. From this time, about 11.30 a.m, the regiment was under my command. A desultory fire was kept up for some time, the enemy making demonstrations in front of the brigade on our right. Our fire at this point was not very effective, the range being too great and a fence intervening. Soon my attention was called to our right, which was again unsupported. Almost immediately my attention was called to the opposite flank (the left), which was uncovered as far as I could see. I sent a captain to the left to see if any one was there, and he reported no one. I then gave the order to fall back. We retired about 300 yards. Here we made a stand. Twice we advanced from this point, and twice we fell back to it. A short time before sunset the enemy advanced. We joined in a charge against them, and drove them so effectively that they did not appear again. In our last position we were under a pretty severe fire from artillery, playing on the front and flank. Here we remained until after nightfall, when we were withdrawn by order of Maj. Gen. D.H. Hill. The regiment before the fight numbered about 250, all told. We lost in killed, 10, in wounded, 62, and in missing, 1, making a total of 76. I was brought off from fight 159. Very respectfully submitted. W.W. SILLERS, Maj., Commanding. Col. W.P. BYNUM, Commanding Brigade. Source:  Official Records:  Series I. Vol. 19. Part I, Reports. Serial No. 27 Gettysburg after battle report: Report of Maj. W. W. Sillers, Thirtieth North Carolina Infantry. July 19, 1863. Sir: The part taken by the Thirtieth Regt. North Carolina troops in the battle of Gettysburg having been under the eye of Brig.-Gen. Ramseur, it is unnecessary to go into details. The regiment (excepting as to its sharpshooters) was actively engaged only during the early part of the afternoon of Wednesday, July 1. It participated in the charge upon the enemy which resulted in driving him from a strong position behind a stone wall on elevated ground to the plain below in front of Gettysburg.  After this, the enemy made but faint show of resistance until safe behind stone walls and entrenchments on the heights above the town.  We sustained some losses during Thursday and Friday, chiefly among sharpshooters. The regiment went into the fight under the command of Col. F. M. Parker, who was severely wounded after the stone wall was taken. We neither lost nor captured a flag during the engagement. Our loss was 6 killed, 36 wounded, and 5 missing, making a total of 47.* Respectfully submitted. W. W. SILLERS, Maj., Comdg. Thirtieth North Carolina Troops. Capt. [Seaton] Gales, Assistant Adjutant-Gen. Source:  Official Records:  Series I. Vol. 27. Part II. Reports. Serial No. 44

The belt plate shown here was manufactured by Emerson Gaylord. Shortly before the War, some of Baltimore’s uniformed companies purchased a quantity of sword belts carrying these plates. This was done at the militia's private expense and many of these men went with the South. Though these cannot be definitively identified as Confederate used, most were, and they are included in Steve Mullinax’s Confederate Belt Buckles and Plates. Emerson Gaylord of Chicopee, Massachusetts, produced very high quality plates by first casting and then die stamping to bring out the detail in the oval seal. His firm made similar Model 1851 sword belts bearing the seals of Virginia, Mississippi and Georgia. This excavated example shows a very thick bronze patina and retains its original curvature. Excellent. Measures 3 1/2 X 2 inches

The Palmetto tree was instantly recognizable as the insignia of South Carolina troops, a reminder of the resilience of Palmetto log fort defenses against British cannon in the Revolution. About two inches tall, this is an hand embroidered bullion wire thread example in solid condition with its white, silk backing intact, and muted gold color with traces of the original silvering. These small insignia could fit the front of a natty kepi or forage cap, but also show up sometimes on the upturned brim of a classic Confederate slouch hat. Excellent. South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union in December 1860, and was one of the founding member states of the Confederacy in February 1861. The bombardment of the beleaguered U.S. garrison at Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor on April 12, 1861, is generally recognized as the first military engagement of the war. The retaking of Charleston in February 1865, and raising the flag (the same flag) again at Fort Sumter, was used for the Union symbol of victory. South Carolina provided around 60,000 troops for the Confederate Army. As the war progressed, former slaves and free blacks of South Carolina joined U.S. Colored Troops regiments for the Union Army (most Blacks in South Carolina were enslaved at the war's outset). The state also provided uniforms, textiles, food, and war material, as well as trained soldiers and leaders from The Citadel and other military schools. In contrast to most other Confederate states, South Carolina had a well-developed rail network linking all of its major cities without a break of gauge. Relatively free from Union occupation until the very end of the war, South Carolina hosted a number of prisoner of war camps. South Carolina also was the only Confederate state not to harbor pockets of anti-secessionist sentiment strong enough to send regiments of white men to fight for the Union, as every other state in the Confederacy did. However, the Upstate region of the state would serve as a haven for Confederate Army deserters and resistors, as they used the Upstate topography and traditional community relations to resist service in the Confederate ranks. Among the leading Confederate Army generals from South Carolina were Wade Hampton III, a foremost cavalry commander; Maxcy Gregg, killed in action at Fredericksburg; Joseph B. Kershaw, whose South Carolina infantry brigade saw some of the hardest fighting of the Army of Northern Virginia; James Longstreet, the senior lieutenant general; and Stephen D. Lee, the youngest lieutenant general. Background: The white population of the state had strongly supported the institution of slavery since the 18th century. Political leaders such as Democrats John Calhoun and Preston Brooks had inflamed regional and national passions in support of the institution, and many pro-slavery voices had cried for secession. For decades, South Carolinian political leaders had promoted regional passions with threats of nullification and secession in the name of southern states' rights and protection of the interests of the slave power. Alfred P. Aldrich, a South Carolinian politician from Barnwell, stated that declaring secession would be necessary if a Republican candidate were to win the 1860 U.S. presidential election, stating that it was the only way for the state to preserve slavery and diminish the influence of the anti-slavery Republican Party, which, were its goals of abolition realized, would result in the "destruction of the South": If the Republican party with its platform of principles, the main feature of which is the abolition of slavery and, therefore, the destruction of the South, carries the country at the next Presidential election, shall we remain in the Union, or form a separate Confederacy? This is the great, grave issue. It is not who shall be President, it is not which party shall rule – it is a question of political and social existence.— Alfred P. Aldrich. In a January 1860 speech, South Carolinian congressman Laurence Massillon Keitt, summed up this view in an oratory condemning the "anti-slavery party" (i.e. the Republican Party) for its views against slavery. He claimed that slavery was not morally wrong, but rather, justified: The anti-slavery party contends that slavery is wrong in itself, and the Government is a consolidated national democracy. We of the South contend that slavery is right...— Laurence Massillon Keitt, Speech to the House (January 1860). Later that year, in December, Keitt would state that South Carolina's declaration of secession was the direct result of slavery: Our people have come to this on the question of slavery.— Laurence Massillon Keitt, South Carolina secession debates (December 1860). Secession: On November 9, 1860, the South Carolina General Assembly passed a "Resolution to Call the Election of Abraham Lincoln as U.S. President a Hostile Act" and stated its intention to declare secession from the United States. In December 1860, amid the secession crisis, former South Carolinian congressman John McQueen wrote to a group of civic leaders in Richmond, Virginia, regarding the reasons as to why South Carolina was contemplating secession from the United States. In the letter, McQueen claimed that U.S. president-elect Abraham Lincoln supported equality and civil rights for African Americans as well as the abolition of slavery, and thus South Carolina, being opposed to such measures, was compelled to secede: I have never doubted what Virginia would do when the alternatives present themselves to her intelligent and gallant people, to choose between an association with her sisters and the dominion of a people, who have chosen their leader Abraham Lincoln upon the single idea that the African is equal to the Anglo-Saxon, and with the purpose of placing our slaves on equality with ourselves and our friends of every condition! and if we of South Carolina have aided in your deliverance from tyranny and degradation, as you suppose, it will only the more assure us that we have performed our duty to ourselves and our sisters in taking the first decided step to preserve an inheritance left us by an ancestry whose spirit would forbid its being tarnished by assassins. We, of South Carolina, hope soon to greet you in a Southern Confederacy, where white men shall rule our destinies, and from which we may transmit to our posterity the rights, privileges and honor left us by our ancestors.— John McQueen, Correspondence to T.T. Cropper and J.R. Crenshaw (December 24, 1860) South Carolinian Presbyterian minister James Henley Thornwell also espoused a similar view to McQueen's, stating that slavery was justified under the Christian religion, and thus, those who viewed slavery as being immoral were opposed to Christianity: The parties in the conflict are not merely abolitionists and slaveholders. They are atheists, socialists, communists, red republicans, Jacobins on the one side, and friends of order and regulated freedom on the other. In one word, the world is the battleground – Christianity and Atheism the combatants; and the progress of humanity at stake. — James Henley ThornwellAnd again, the Southern Presbyterian of S.C. declared that: Anti-slavery is essentially infidel. It wars upon the Bible, on the Church of Christ, on the truth of God, on the souls of men. — Southern Presbyterian of S.C. On November 10, 1860, the S.C. The General Assembly called for a "Convention of the People of South Carolina" to consider secession. Delegates were to be elected on December 6. The secession convention convened in Columbia on December 17 and voted unanimously, 169–0, to declare secession from the United States. The convention then adjourned to Charleston to draft an ordinance of secession. When the ordinance was adopted on December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the first slave state in the south to declare that it had seceded from the United States. James Buchanan, the United States president, declared the ordinance illegal but did not act to stop it. A committee of the convention also drafted a Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina which was adopted on December 24. The secession declaration stated the primary reasoning behind South Carolina's declaration of secession from the U.S., which was described as:...increasing hostility on the part of the non-slaveholding States to the Institution of Slavery ...— Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina (December 24, 1860). The declaration also claims that secession was declared as a result of the refusal of free states to enforce the Fugitive Slave Acts. Although the declaration does argue that secession is justified on the grounds of U.S. "encroachments upon the reserved rights of the States," the grievances that the declaration goes on to list are mainly concerned with the property of rights of slaveholders. Broadly speaking, the declaration argues that the U.S. The Constitution was framed to establish each State "as an equal" in the Union, with "separate control over its own institutions", such as "the right of property in slaves." We affirm that these ends for which this Government was instituted have been defeated, and the Government itself has been made destructive of them by the action of the non-slaveholding States. Those States have assumed the right of deciding upon the propriety of our domestic institutions; and have denied the rights of property established in fifteen of the States and recognized by the Constitution; they have denounced as sinful the institution of Slavery; they have permitted the open establishment among them of societies, whose avowed object is to disturb the peace and to eloign the property of the citizens of other States. They have encouraged and assisted thousands of our slaves to leave their homes; and those who remain, have been incited by emissaries, books and pictures to servile insurrection.— Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina A repeated concern is runaway slaves. The declaration argues that parts of the U.S. Constitution were specifically written to ensure the return of slaves who had escaped to other states, and quotes the 4th Article: "No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up, on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due." The declaration goes on to state that this stipulation of the Constitution was so important to the original signers, "that without it that compact the Constitution would not have been made." Laws from the "General Government" upheld this stipulation "for many years," the declaration says, but "an increasing hostility on the part of the non-slaveholding States to the Institution of Slavery has led to a disregard of their obligations." Because the constitutional agreement had been "deliberately broken and disregarded by the non-slaveholding States," the consequence was that "South Carolina is released from her obligation" to be part of the Union. A further concern was Lincoln's recent election to the presidency, whom they claimed desired to see slavery on "the course of ultimate extinction": A geographical line has been drawn across the Union, and all the States north of that line have united in the election of a man to the high office of President of the United States whose opinions and purposes are hostile to slavery. He is to be entrusted with the administration of the Common Government, because he has declared that that "Government cannot endure permanently half slave, half free," and that the public mind must rest in the belief that Slavery is in the course of ultimate extinction. The South Carolinian secession declaration of December 1860 also channeled some elements from the U.S. Declaration of Independence from July 1776. However, the South Carolinian version omitted the phrases that "all men are created equal", "that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights", and mentions of the "consent of the governed". Professor and historian Harry V. Jaffa noted these omissions as significant in his 2000 book, A New Birth of Freedom: Abraham Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War: South Carolina cities, loosely, but with substantial accuracy, some of the language of the original Declaration. That Declaration does say that it is the right of the people to abolish any form of government that becomes destructive of the ends for which it was established. But South Carolina does not repeat the preceding language in the earlier document: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal"...— Harry Jaffa, A New Birth of Freedom: Abraham Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War (2000)  Jaffa states that South Carolina omitted references to human equality and consent of the governed in its secession declaration, as due to their racist and pro-slavery views, secessionist South Carolinians did not believe in those ideals: Governments are legitimate only insofar as their "just powers" are derived "from the consent of the governed." All of the foregoing is omitted from South Carolina's declaration, for obvious reasons. In no sense could it have been said that the slaves in South Carolina were governed by powers derived from their consent. Nor could it be said that South Carolina was separating itself from the government of the Union because that government had become destructive of the ends for which it was established. South Carolina in 1860 had an entirely different idea of what the ends of government ought to be from that of 1776 or 1787. That difference can be summed up in the difference between holding slavery to be an evil, if possibly a necessary evil, and holding it to be a positive good.— Harry Jaffa, A New Birth of Freedom: Abraham Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War (2000), emphasis added. On December 25, the day following South Carolina's declaration of secession, a South Carolinian convention delivered an "Address to the Slaveholding States": We prefer, however, our system of industry, by which labor and capital are identified in interest, and capital, therefore, protects labor–by which our population doubles every twenty years–by which starvation is unknown, and abundance crowns the land–by which order is preserved by unpaid police, and the most fertile regions of the world, where the white man cannot labor, are brought into usefulness by the labor of the African, and the whole world is blessed by our own productions. ... We ask you to join us, in forming a Confederacy of Slaveholding States.— Convention of South Carolina, Address of the people of South Carolina to the people of the Slaveholding States (December 25, 1860)"Slavery, not states' rights, birthed the Civil War," argues sociologist James W. Loewen. Writing of South Carolina's Declaration of Secession, Loewen writes that South Carolina was further upset that New York no longer allowed "slavery transit." In the past, if Charleston gentry wanted to spend August in the Hamptons, they could bring their cook along. No longer — and South Carolina's delegates were outraged. In addition, they objected that New England states let black men vote and tolerated abolitionist societies. According to South Carolina, states should not have the right to let their citizens assemble and speak freely when what they said threatened slavery. Other seceding states echoed South Carolina. "Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery — the greatest material interest of the world," proclaimed Mississippi in its own secession declaration, passed Jan. 9, 1861. "Its labor supplies the product which constitutes by far the largest and most important portions of the commerce of the earth. ... A blow at slavery is a blow at commerce and civilization." — James W. Loewen, The Washington Post (2011) The state adopted the palmetto flag as its banner, a slightly modified version of which is used as its current state flag. South Carolina after secession was frequently called the "Palmetto Republic". After South Carolina declared its secession, former congressman James L. Petigru famously remarked, "South Carolina is too small for a republic and too large for an insane asylum." Soon afterwards, South Carolina began preparing for a presumed U.S. military response while working to convince other southern states to secede as well and join in a confederacy of southern states. On February 4, 1861, in Montgomery, Alabama, a convention consisting of delegates from South Carolina, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, and Louisiana met to form a new constitution and government modeled on that of the United States. On February 8, 1861, South Carolina officially joined the Confederacy. According to one South Carolinian newspaper editor: The South is now in the formation of a Slave Republic...— L.W. Spratt, The Philosophy of Secession: A Southern View (February 13, 1861). South Carolina's declaration of secession was supported by the state's religious figures, who claimed that it was consistent with the tenets of their religion: The triumphs of Christianity rest this very hour upon slavery; and slavery depends on the triumphs of the South... This war is the servant of slavery. — John T. Wightman, The Glory of God, the Defence of the South (1861). American Civil War: Fort Sumter: Six days after secession, on the day after Christmas, Major Robert Anderson, commander of the U.S. troops in Charleston, withdrew his troops to the island fortress of Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor. South Carolina militia swarmed over the abandoned mainland batteries and trained their guns on the island. Sumter was the key position for preventing a naval attack upon Charleston, so secessionists were determined not to allow U.S. forces to remain there indefinitely. More importantly, South Carolina's claim of independence would look empty if U.S. forces controlled its largest harbor. On January 9, 1861, the U.S. ship Star of the West approached to resupply the fort. Cadets from The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina fired upon the Star of the West, striking the ship three times and causing it to retreat back to New York. Mississippi declared its secession several weeks after South Carolina, and five other states of the lower South soon followed. Both the outgoing Buchanan administration and President-elect Lincoln had denied that any state had a right to secede. Upper Southern slave states such as Virginia and North Carolina, which had initially voted against secession, called a peace conference, to little effect. Meanwhile, Virginian orator Roger Pryor barreled into Charleston and proclaimed that the only way to get his state to join the Confederacy was for South Carolina to instigate war with the United States. The obvious place to start was right in the midst of Charleston Harbor. On April 10, the Mercury reprinted stories from New York papers that told of a naval expedition that had been sent southward toward Charleston. Lincoln advised the governor of South Carolina that the ships were sent to resupply the fort, not to reinforce it. The Carolinians could no longer wait if they hoped to take the fort before the U.S. Navy arrived. About 6,000 men were stationed around the rim of the harbor, ready to take on the 60 men in Fort Sumter. At 4:30 a.m. on April 12, after two days of intense negotiations, and with Union ships approaching the harbor, the firing began. Students from The Citadel were among those firing the first shots of the war, though Edmund Ruffin is usually credited with firing the first shot. Thirty-four hours later, Anderson's men raised the white flag and were allowed to leave the fort with colors flying and drums beating, saluting the U.S. flag with a 50-gun salute before taking it down. During this salute, one of the guns exploded, killing a young soldier—the only casualty of the bombardment and the first casualty of the war. In December 1861, South Carolina received $100,000 from Georgia after a disastrous fire in Charleston. Robert Smalls: Robert Smalls (1839 – 1915) was born into slavery in Beaufort, South Carolina. On May 13, 1863, he freed himself, his crew, and their families by commandeering a Confederate transport ship, CSS Planter, in Charleston harbor, and sailing it from Confederate-controlled waters of the harbor to the U.S. blockade that surrounded it. He then piloted the ship to the Union-controlled enclave in Beaufort–Port Royal–Hilton Head area, where it became a Union warship. His example and persuasion helped convince President Abraham Lincoln to accept African-American soldiers into the Union Army. After the war Smalls helped found the Republican Party in South Carolina and was elected five times to the U.S. Congress. Fort Wagner: Fort Wagner was the scene of two battles. The First Battle of Fort Wagner, occurred on July 11, 1863. Only 12 Confederate soldiers were killed, as opposed to the Union's 339 losses. The Second Battle of Fort Wagner, a week later, is better known. This was the Union attack on July 18, 1863, led by the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, one of the first major American military units made up of black soldiers. Colonel Robert Gould Shaw led the 54th Massachusetts on foot while they charged, and was killed in the assault. Although a tactical defeat, the publicity of the battle of Fort Wagner led to further action for black troops in the Civil War, and it spurred additional recruitment that gave the Union Army a further numerical advantage in troops over the South. The Union besieged the fort after the unsuccessful assault. By August 25, Union entrenchments were close enough to attempt an assault on the Advanced Rifle Pits, 240 yards in front of the Battery, but this attempt was defeated. A second attempt, by the 24th Mass. Inf., on August 26 was successful. After enduring almost 60 days of heavy shelling, the Confederates abandoned it on the night of September 6–7, 1863. withdrawing all operable cannons and the garrison. Port Royal experiment: The Port Royal Experiment was a program in which former slaves successfully worked on the land abandoned by planters. In 1861 the Union captured the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina and their main harbor, Port Royal. The white residents fled, leaving behind 10,000 black slaves. Several private Northern charity organizations stepped in to set up schools and help the former slaves become self-sufficient. The result was a model of what Reconstruction could have been. The African Americans demonstrated their ability to work the land efficiently and live independently of white control. They assigned themselves daily tasks for cotton growing and spent their extra time cultivating their own crops, fishing and hunting. By selling their surplus crops, the locals acquired small amounts of property. Charleston: The city under siege took control of Fort Sumter, became the center for blockade running. It was the site of the first successful submarine warfare on February 17, 1864, when the H.L. Hunley made a daring night attack on the USS Housatonic. In 1865, Union troops moved into the city, and took control of many sites, such as the United States Arsenal, which the Confederate army had seized at the outbreak of the war.The war ends: The Confederates were at a disadvantage in men, weaponry, and supplies. Union ships sailed south and blocked off one port after another. As early as November, Union troops occupied the Sea Islands in the Beaufort area, establishing an important base for the men and ships who would obstruct the ports at Charleston and Savannah. Many plantation owners had already gone off with the Confederate Army; those still at home and their families fled. In a type of reparation long discussed in abolitionist literature, the abandoned plantations were confiscated by the Union Army and then given to the African Americans who had done the work of them. The Sea Islands became the laboratory for Union plans to educate the African Americans for their eventual role as full American citizens. Despite South Carolina's important role in the beginning of the war, and a long unsuccessful attempt to take Charleston from 1863 onward, few military engagements occurred within the state's borders until 1865, when Sherman's Army, having already completed its March to the Sea in Savannah, marched to Columbia and leveled most of the town, as well as a number of towns along the way and afterward. South Carolina lost 12,922 men to the war, 23% of its male white population of fighting age, and the highest percentage of any state in the nation. Sherman's 1865 march through the Carolinas resulted in the burning of Columbia and numerous other towns. The destruction his troops wrought upon South Carolina was even worse than in Georgia, because many of his soldiers bore a particular grudge against the state and its citizens, whom they blamed for starting the war. One of Sherman's men declared, "Here is where treason began and, by God, here is where it shall end!" Deprived of the free labor of the formerly enslaved, poverty would mark the state for generations to come. In January 1865, the Charleston Courier newspaper condemned suggestions that the Confederacy abandon slavery were it to help in gaining independence, stating that such suggestions were "folly": To talk of maintaining our independence while we abolish slavery is simply to talk folly.— Courier (January 24, 1865) On February 21, 1865, with the Confederate forces finally evacuated from Charleston, the black 54th Massachusetts Regiment marched through the city. At a ceremony at which the U.S. flag was once again raised over Fort Sumter, former fort commander Robert Anderson was joined on the platform by two men: African American Union hero Robert Smalls and the son of Denmark Vesey.

The pattern 1856 saber bayonet features a 22.5" yataghan style blade. A yataghan was a popular blade for use with muzzle-loading muskets as the tip sweeps away from the musket's muzzle allowing little hindrance when loading the weapon. Grips are checked leather and feature steel mounts on both the bayonet and scabbard. The leather scabbard is in nice condition with tight seams. The blade on this example is maker marked by a Solingen contractor to the British government. The steel mounted leather scabbard comes with an original black leather belt frog marked on the back  Intended for use with the P-1856 Two Band Enfield Short Rifle and later the Snider Short Rifle of the same model. This is still in .577 cal. however many were later reduced to .45 caliber for use with the Martini Henry Rifle. Excellent.

A British P-1839/42 pattern socket bayonet, the triangular blade stamped CHAMBERS and HW Inspected, length 46cm. Excellent. with muzzle ring Lobe for the Lovell Spring Catch Excellent.

Although Baker rifles were shorter than standard infantry muskets they had a comparatively long bayonet (23 inches). This additional length allowed riflemen to meet their musket carrying enemies on equal terms during bayonet fights. Indeed, when fixed with a sword bayonet their rifles had a similar overall length to that of the Redcoats' Brown Bess and bayonet. This was important as once riflemen had finished skirmishing they would often fall into line with the Redcoats, especially when repelling enemy cavalry. To form an effective square it was essential that all the soldiers had the same bayonet reach. Bayonet is in excellent condition but is missing the scabbard.

14 1/2" overall with a 10" bright blade. Nicely marked and dated 1907. Has unit markings. Very Good

Australian Pattern1907 Rifle bayonet measuring 21.75" overall with a blade length of 16.75". Excellent looking blade, with pommel and guard showing a soft brown patina, with some rust. Excellent working press stud. Right grip front shows some wood loss. Scabbard metal ends also show a brown patina, with each of them marked, "OA" for Orange Arsenal. Leather is black but you can see brown leather peeking through. Back side is marked, "MANGROVITE". The bayonet ricasso is marked OA with the X tested cartouche and the forward arrow. Opposite side shows the partial MA 1907 markings, with a date of December 1941 below it. Excellent.

P1887 MKIV Sword Bayonet (Martini Henry Rifle).  The P-1885 Long Lever Martini Infantry Rifle was initially issued with an 18" bladed Sword Bayonet with a fullered blade and leaf spring on the locking mechanism. This was the P-1887 Mk. 1. However, in 1888 the P-1887 Mk. 3 was approved with an unfullered blade and a coil spring on the locking mechanism. This is an original P-1887 steel fitted scabbard. The sword bayonet bears British maker markings and dates and is offered in excellent condition.Intended for the MkIV "Long-Lever" British Martini Henry, this will also fit British Martini Henry Mk I, II, and III Rifles fitted with sword bayonet lugs.

ORIGINAL AUSTRALIAN M1943 OWEN BAYONET AND SCABBARD.In excellent condition. Made in 1945 by ORANGE ARSENAL. Blade length 10", overall 14 7/8"

British Guard's Style Bearskin Busby Cap Circa 1900 in excellent condition with a wicker frame. Cap has a partial London makers label. Still retains the original brass chinscales. Excellent. A bearskin is a tall fur cap derived from mitre caps worn by grenadier units in the 17th and 18th centuries. Initially worn by only grenadiers, its usage was extended to several other military units in the 19th century. The bearskin cap continued to see use in battle during the mid-19th century, although by the 20th century, its use was limited as a headgear reserved for parade dress. In the 21st century, the bearskin cap is retained by select military units as a prominent element of their ceremonial and full dress uniforms.

Civil War Armed Tintype with a case measuring 3 5/8 X 3 1/8 inches showing a Federal Soldier with a Springfield Rifle and wearing a cartridge Box and Sling. Shows ripples to the tin otherwise excellent.

This is a fine looking authentic Civil War horse bridle bit. This is the classic style that was used on horses throughout the Civil War. It is officially known as the US model 1859 Curb Bit. This is the pattern that is illustrated on page 380 of the book by Dorsey and McPheeters entitled The American Military Saddle, 1776-1945. They show that this is the correct style that was made from about 1863 until 1865. This one is a nice non-excavated one. It is complete and the metal is in fine shape with a gray tone all over with some light surface rust. It has both of the original cast brass "US" rosettes intact on the side and they have a beautiful patina. The original rings are intact on the front of the bit.

Mullinax Plate 116. Stamped brass with wire hooks soldered to the reverse (missing). Measures approx. 3 ½” x 2 ¼”. Dark patina. Western Theatre plate issued in large numbers to the Army of Tennessee during 1862-1863. Records indicate telegraph wire was used to make the belt hooks. Location of recovery Franklin Tn.

Pair of early 19th Century swords. One is an 1840's militia style NCO sword with a 28" blade, 34" overall. Missing scabbard and broken cross guard and handle. The other is a French Artillery officer's sword with broken D-Guard and no scabbard. 31" blade, 36" overall length. Both show wear and age, and both have damage. Good

Pre Civil War brass hilt eagle head officer's sword. The 31 1/4" blade is engraved with blue panels and gilded floral reliefs. The knuckle bow is ornate with a eagle head finial on the quillion. The languets on the obverse side has a large scallop design while the other side is adorned with a Roman helmet and sword. The grip is bone with a ribbed pattern. It has normal age wear. A very nice example of an early officer's sword. 38", Very Good-Excellent

Pre Civil War brass hilt eagle head officer's sword. The 29 1/4" blade is engraved with blue panels and gilded floral reliefs. The knuckle bow and quillion are ornate. The grip is bone with a ribbed pattern. The scabbard is nicely engraved around the carrying rings. A very nice example of an early officer's sword. 37 1/4", Excellent

Very scarce Trapdoor Trowel bayonet along with leather scabbard and original US hanger. Bayonet is still very sound and worthy in any collection. Trowel shaped blade, slightly concave on one face and a medial rib on the other. Angular neck and blued socket of ovoid section. The lower portion of the socket turns through 90 degrees to lock onto the foresight. 6 knurled bands are arranged along the length of the socket. Excellent.

WW1 US Army 23rd Infantry Regiment painted Helmet with Liner but is missing the leather chinstrap. Helmet is in excellent condition. and was part of the 2nd Division during the War. On 22 September 1917, the 23rd Infantry was assigned to the newly formed U.S. Second Division in France. The 23rd with the 9th Infantry formed one brigade; the second brigade was formed with two Marine regiments. The 23rd as part of the 2nd Division distinguished itself in six World War I campaigns including the Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne. The Armistice brought an end to the war on 11 November 1918. The 2nd Division marched into Germany and took up occupation duties lasting until April 1919. For its valor the 23rd was awarded three French Croix de Guerre with Palm and the French Fourragere which all soldiers assigned to the 23rd are entitled to wear on their left shoulder.

WW1 US Army 3rd Corps Uniform to the Engineers that features US and Engineer Collar Disks, embroidered on felt 3rd Corps Shoulder Sleeve Insignia, a red discharge stripe and two Gold Overseas Stripes as well as a felt on felt Engineer Castle. The tunic is roughly a size 40. The matching wool trousers have the initials F.L.B. Has some moth damage but nothing too serious. History: World War I: III Corps was first organized on 16 May 1918 in France. It was designed as three of the four newly activated corps of the American Expeditionary Force, which at that time numbered over one million men in 23 divisions. The corps took command of US forces training with the French Seventh Army at the same time that IV Corps took command of US forces training with the French Eighth Army. Aisne-Marne campaign: In July, the corps was rushed to the Villers-Cotterêts area in preparation for the Third Battle of the Aisne, the first major Allied counteroffensive of the year. There, it was put under the French Tenth Army and given administrative command of the 1st Division and the 2nd Division which were previously under command of the French XX Corps. However, the command group arrived in the area too late to exercise tactical command, and it was instead attached to the French XX Corps. On 18 July, the attack was launched, with the force spearheading the French Tenth Army's assault on the high ground south of Soissons. During this attack, the Corps also cut rail lines supplying the German Army. The first day of the attack was a success, but on the second day, the Germans were reinforced with heavier weapons and were able to blunt the attack, inflicting high casualties. The force was successful despite heavy casualties, and German forces were forced to retreat. On 1 August, the corps arrived in the Vesle area near the Marne River, where it assumed command of the 3rd Division, 28th Division, and 32nd Division from the French XXXVIII Corps, placing side by side with the U.S. I Corps for a few days. Troops continued to advance until September when they withdrew to form the new First United States Army. Meuse-Argonne campaign: First Army formed up in preparation to advance in the Meuse-Argonne campaign. It consisted of over 600,000 men in I Corps, III Corps, and V Corps. III Corps took the Army's east flank, protecting it as the Army advanced to Montfaucon, then Cunel and Romagne-sous-Montfaucon. The offensive was slow and hampered by inexperience of many of the divisions under the Army's command, though III Corps was effective in protecting its sector. They advanced through September and October, taking a few weeks for rest after the formation of Second United States Army. On 1 November, the First Army went on a general offensive, pushing north to the Meuse River and the Barricourt Ridge. It was successful, pushing German forces back and advancing to the river until the end of the war. Around that time, III Corps received its shoulder sleeve insignia, approved it by telegram, though the insignia would not be officially authorized until 1922. The corps was demobilized in Neuwied, Germany at the close of hostilities. Following the end of World War I, III Corps remained in Europe for several months before it returned to the United States. It was demobilized at Camp Sherman, Ohio.

WW1 US Army 4th Division Infantry Uniform that features US 59 and Infantry Collar Disks, embroidered on felt 4tf Division Shoulder Sleeve Insignia, a red discharge stripe and two Gold Overseas Stripes. The tunic is roughly a size 36. The matching wool trousers are also in excellent condition. The interior sleeve is named to the solider but is difficult to read along with his service number in the trousers as well. World War I: The 4th Division was organized at Camp Greene, North Carolina on 10 December 1917 under the command of Maj. Gen. George H. Cameron. It was here they adopted their distinctive insignia, the four ivy leaves. The ivy leaf came from the Roman numerals for four (IV) and signified their motto "Steadfast and Loyal". The division was organized as part of the United States buildup following the Declaration of War on 6 April 1917 and the entry of the United States into the war on the side of the British and French. Organization: Headquarters, 4th Division 7th Infantry Brigade 39th Infantry Regiment 47th Infantry Regiment 8th Infantry Brigade 58th Infantry Regiment 59th Infantry Regiment 4th Field Artillery Brigade 13th Field Artillery Regiment (155 mm) 16th Field Artillery Regiment (75 mm) 77th Field Artillery Regiment (75 mm) 4th Trench Mortar Battery 4th Engineer Regiment 8th Field Signal Battalion Headquarters Troop, 4th Division 4th Train Headquarters and Military Police 4th Ammunition Train 4th Supply Train 4th Engineer Train 4th Sanitary Train 19th, 21st, 28th, and 33rd Ambulance Companies and Field Hospitals St. Mihiel Offensive: For the Battle of Saint-Mihiel, the division moved into an area south of Verdun as part of the First United States Army. General John Pershing, commander of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) on the Western Front, had gotten the French and British to agree that the AEF would fight under its own organizational elements. One of the first missions assigned to the AEF was the reduction of the Saint-Mihiel salient. The 4th Division, assigned to V Corps, was on the western face of the salient. The plan was for V Corps to push generally southeast and to meet IV Corps who was pushing northwest, thereby trapping the Germans in the St. Mihiel area. The 59th Infantry Regiment moved into an area previously occupied by the French, deploying along a nine kilometer front. On 12 September, the first patrols were sent forward by the 59th. The 4th Division attack began on 14 September with the 8th Brigade capturing the town of Manheulles. All along the front, the American forces pressed forward and closed the St. Mihiel salient. Occupation duty: Under the terms of the Armistice, Germany was to evacuate all territory west of the Rhine. American troops were to relocate to the center section of this previously German-occupied area all the way to the Koblenz bridgehead on the Rhine. The 4th marched into Germany, covering 330 miles in 15 days where it was widely dispersed over an area with Bad Bertrich as division headquarters. The division established training for the men as well as sports and educational activities. In April 1919 the division moved to a new occupation area further north on the Rhine. The division went north to Ahrweiler, Germany, in the Rheinland-Pfalz area. In July the division returned to France and the last detachment sailed for the United States on 31 July 1919.

WWII Woman's Sweetheart Jewelry collection and photos from boyfriends of hers at the time of their service. The sister put them in a shadow box to remember her sister service in the WAC. The veterans name was Dorothy Catherine Meyer and her initials are on the rhinestone brooch to the right of the frame. There are several mementoes including a Army Air Corp Necklace, US Navy Pins and a British Coin Necklace. Also in the lot is a USN Silver Bracelet and a Sweetheart necklace of her and the sailor in the larger photos. whos name was Thomas W. Martin Jr. What a unique time capsule of this lady and other service members. Excellent.

Trapdoor Bayonet with leather frog and brass NJ indicating New Jersey Service swivel, US Marked 20" socket bayonet for the Trapdoor Springfield rifle. In very good condition with minimal loss of finish at the muzzle ring.

WW1 US Army 27th Division Killed In Action Certificate that reads: ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CITATION EXTRACT Special Order No. 86 Private First Class Herman J. Britton, 1211305 Company H. 107th Infantry, (deceased) Headquarters 27th Division U.S.A. American E.F. France Camp Upton New York March 27, 1919. 2. During the operations before the Hindenburg Line east of Ronssoy, September 29, 1918, this soldier with gallantry and determination advanced against unusually difficult enemy positions composed chiefly of strongly fortified machine gun nests until killed. BY COMMAND OF MAJOR GENERAL O'RYAN THE FORGOING IS AN EXTRACT FROM THE SPECIAL ORDER QUOTED APPROVED and is signed personally by Major General John F. O'Ryan and the Adjutant General of the Division. The document is framed that measures 16 X 13 1/2 inches and is a very hard to find document History: When the New York Division was organized in 1908, New York became the second state, after Pennsylvania, to structure its National Guard at such a high tactical level in peacetime. The New York Division was called to active duty during the Mexican border crisis of 1916. While on federal duty, it was redesignated as the 6th Division in June 1916. It was released from active duty in December 1916, only to be recalled for World War I service in July 1917. The 6th Division was reorganized and redesignated as the 27th Division on 1 October 1917. World War I: Formation: Following the declaration of war on the Central Powers by the United States, the division was called into federal service on 15 July 1917, and hastily recruited New Yorkers to increase its numbers. The division was one of only four divisions formed during the war from National Guard units entirely from a single state; the other divisions so formed were from Illinois (the 33rd Division), Ohio (the 37th Division), and Pennsylvania (the 28th Division). However, not all New Yorkers served in the 27th.[7] Its initial strength was 991 officers and 27,114 enlisted men. The division's initial organization of three brigades with three infantry regiments each was carried over from the 6th Division. Prior to its departing to training, the division participated in a large send-off parade in New York City along 5th Avenue on 30 August 1917. The 7th Infantry Regiment was the first to leave for training on 11 September 1917, by train. The training was conducted at a purpose-built temporary facility at Camp Wadsworth, Spartanburg, South Carolina. Nearby hotels such as the Cleveland Hotel became centers for social life. The camp also housed seven YMCA Huts and a Knights of Columbus Hall. While the 27th had African-American service-men they were not permitted to enter the service organization clubs on base, which were segregated, until a black soldier's club was built in early 1918. In the spring of 1918, the division began its movement toward embarkation camps, and shipped out on 20 April 1918. The division's advance detachment left Hoboken on 2 May and arrived at Brest, France, 10 May 1918. Late in June the last units of the 27th Division had arrived safely overseas. Western Front: From the arrival of the first troops to the Western Front until 24 July, the division spent its time undertaking its final stages of training under British mentors in Picardy and Flanders. On 25 July, the 27th Division, excluding its artillery brigade and ammunition train, occupied the Dickebusch Lake and Scherpenberg sectors in Flanders. In just over a month, this operation merged into the Ypres-Lys action, and then, from 19 August to 3 September, the 27th was on its own. It was decided by Field marshal Douglas Haig that the Fourth Army's Australian Corps would lead the Battle of St. Quentin Canal . However, due to the Corps depleted nature, which was a result of fighting almost continuously, it would be reinforced by the 27th and 30th divisions, which resulted in II Corps being temporarily reassigned under Australian command.[9] This great Somme "push", which lasted from 24 September to 1 October, saw the 27th engaged in severe fighting along the Saint Quentin Canal Tunnel—one of the out-lying strong points of the Hindenburg Line. At the conclusion of the first phase of the battle, and following heavy losses, the 27th was placed into reserve for rest and recuperation. Six days later, the division was sent back into the line, moving steadily toward Busigny whilst chasing the retreating Germans. These operations were supported by Australian Artillery until 9 October, when British artillery units began supporting the division's operations. As a result of these offensives by the Australian, British and US forces, the Hindenburg's Main Line was penetrated. The 52d Field Artillery Brigade and the 102nd Ammunition Train of the New York Division had not gone with the rest of the Twenty-seventh Division to the British front in Flanders. They had moved up on 28 October, to support the Seventy-Ninth Division in the Argonne. Meanwhile, the Twenty-Seventh Division units which had seen heavy action in Flanders, had moved back to an area near the French seaport of Brest. Major Operations: Meuse-Argonne (only the artillery), Ypres-Lys, Somme Offensive. Initially stationed in the East Poperinghe Line. Battle of Dickebusche Lake, Summer 1918 Battle of Vierstraat Ridge, Summer 1918 Struggled to break the German defensive Hindenburg Line, September 1918. Second battle of the Somme, 25 September 1918 Selle River, November 1918 The 27th did break the Hindenburg line during the Battle of the Somme and forced a German retreat from their defensive line and forced the Germans to a final confrontation. After a final confrontation with the retreating Germans at the Selle River the Armistice ended the fighting and the division was sent home in February 1919, to be mustered out several months later. The division had sustained a total of 8,334 (KIA: 1,442; WIA: 6,892) casualties when it was inactivated in April 1919.

Impressive M1902 Officers Sword with a beautiful  dedication to the blade that reads "Donated By Capt. Chas B. Eggen SC. President , Department Of Kansas R.O.A." to the Reverse and to the Obverse " 2nd Lt.Emmett E. Wilson Inf. First Prize In Department membership Contest 1931". The Sword was manufactured by Gelhaar Uniform Co. of Kansas City. Established in 1922 and Chartered by Congress, ROA Reserve Organization Of America is A VOICE for the uniformed members of  the United States armed forces. Excellent.

This is an example of a WWI Model 1918 trench periscope no. 10x7.5 with leather carrying case as manufactured by Wollensack Opt. Co. of Rochester, New York. It is stamped with the serial number "890" and retains the brass eyepiece cover. Brass construction with a wood handle. The carrying case is missing the closer strap but otherwise very good.

WWI US Navy Meritorious Service Certificate  Signed by the Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels. The document reads as follows: "The United States of America Navy Department. The Navy Department having carefully considered all reported instances of meritorious conduct by officers and enlisted men of the Navy during the World War, takes pleasure in commending Lieut. Robert M. Huggard. U.S.N. for the following service which is recognized as  according with the best traditions of the Naval Service: As an officer of the U.S.S. On the occasion of the torpedoing of that vessel on July 4th, 1918 he showed marked energy and coolness and excellent seamanship in getting out the boats of the Covington, and in picking up men from the water and rafts. Signed Josephus Daniels Secretary US Navy. The frame measures 18 X 14 inches with an excellent signature of the Secretary. Secretary of the Navy: Daniels supported native Southerner Woodrow Wilson in the 1912 presidential election. After Wilson's victory, he was appointed as Secretary of the Navy. Letter from Daniels confirming that the Navy Cross was conferred on Ernesto Burzagli in the name of the President of the United States in 1919. Captain Burzagli was an officer in the Royal Italian Navy. Secretary Daniels held the post from 1913 to 1921, throughout the Wilson administration, overseeing the Navy during World War I. Franklin D. Roosevelt, a future US president, served as his Assistant Secretary of the Navy. Daniels believed in government ownership of armor-plate factories, and of telephones and telegraphs. At the end of the First World War, he made a serious attempt to have the Navy permanently control all radio transmitters in the United States. If he had succeeded amateur radio would have ended, and it is likely that radio broadcasting would have been substantially delayed. Teetotaler Daniels banned alcohol from United States Navy ships in General Order 99 of June 1, 1914. (After the end of Prohibition in 1933, ship commanders determined that alcohol continue to be banned on board ship but that limited access to beer be maintained for sailors with 45 days or more of service on their records. Limited access to harder alcoholic beverages by officers to be distributed at their discretion was subsequently maintained for use on shore during official leave from onboard duty.)  In 1917, Secretary Daniels determined that no prostitution would be permitted within a five-mile radius of naval installations. In New Orleans, this World War I directive resulted in the shutting down of brothels in Storyville. It had long-lasting consequences for servicemen and others during subsequent decades. On March 15, 1919, Daniels issued General Order No. 456, prohibiting all forms of work on the Christian Sabbath (Sunday). He ordered,In order to insure a proper observance of the Lord's Day in the Navy of the United States, and to provide the officers and men with rest and recreation so essential to efficiency, the following order will be carry out: Hereafter all commanding officers and others officially concerned will see to it that aboard ships and on shore stations to which they are attached, no work of any character whatsoever is performed except works of necessity. This order will be construed and embracing target practice, and drills of every character, inspection of ship and crew, clothing inspection, issuing of small stores, and all other ship activities that violate the letter and spirit of this order. No vessel of the Navy shall begin cruise on Sunday except in case of emergency ... During World War I, Daniels created the Naval Consulting Board to encourage inventions that would be helpful to the Navy. Daniels asked Thomas Edison to chair the board, as the Secretary was worried that the US was unprepared for the new conditions of warfare and needed new technology. Additionally, Daniels was the first Secretary of the Navy to sponsor naval aviation. He established the first naval air station at the Pensacola Navy Yard, claiming "aircraft must form a large part of our naval force for offensive and defensive operations". The Newport Sex Scandal erupted due to a Navy sting operation, overseen by Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt, that was conducted in 1919. Begun as an attempt to clean up what was seen as "immoral conditions" at Naval Station Newport, it expanded to investigations of the civilian population in Newport. It resulted in the arrests for homosexual activity of some 17 sailors and a prominent Episcopal Navy chaplain, with imprisonment imposed for some. When the tactics used in the sting operation became known, it attracted national news coverage. Congress undertook an investigation, resulting in both Secretary Daniels and Roosevelt being rebuked by a Congressional committee. The report called FDR's behavior "reprehensible," and said that the actions "violated the code of the American citizen and ignored the rights of every American boy who enlisted in the Navy to fight for his country." Daniels published The Navy and the Nation (1919), which was primarily a collection of war addresses he had made as Secretary of the Navy. USS Covington (ID-1409) was a German transatlantic ocean liner that was launched in 1908 for the Hamburg America Line (HAPAG) as Cincinnati. In 1917 the United States seized her, had her converted into a troop ship and renamed her Covington. In 1918 SM U-86 torpedoed her, killing six of her complement. Three tugs towed her about 1/3 the way to Brest, but she sank the afternoon of 2 July 1918. First World War: On 28 July 1914, the day the First World War began, Cincinnati left Hamburg for Port of Boston via Boulogne and Southampton. At Boston the United States Customs Service interned her along with the HAPAG liner Amerika, Norddeutscher Lloyd liners Kronprinzessin Cecilie, Köln, Wittekind and Willehad and DDG Hansa cargo ship Ockenfels. In March 1916 Cincinnati, Amerika, Köln, Wittekind and Willehad moved from their waterfront piers to an anchorage across the harbor from Boston Navy Yard. Daily "neutrality duty" by United States Coast Guard harbor tug Winnisimmet kept the ships under observation. Many members of their crews eventually went ashore, were processed through immigration, and found employment, while a contingent of musicians from the vessels toured New England, frequently playing at department stores and restaurants, and drawing the ire of the local musicians' union. On 6 April 1917 the United States declared war on Germany. The US authorities seized the German ships and vested them in the United States Shipping Board.[5] On 26 July Cincinnati was transferred to the United States Navy, and two days later she was commissioned as USS Covington, named after Covington, Kentucky.USS Covington sinking off Brest: From 18 October 1917, Covington made six voyages from Hoboken, New Jersey, to Brest, France, taking more than 21,000 troops for service with the American Expeditionary Force. On 1 July 1918 U-86 torpedoed her off Brest. Six of her crew were killed, but her escorts rescued 770. Covington remained afloat, and was towed about 50 miles toward Brest, but sank the afternoon of 2 July 1918.

WW1 1918 United States Military Citation signed by General John J. Pershing. Early 20th century United States Army Citation signed by General John J. Pershing. One page, partially printed, the citation awards Lieut. Colonel W. G Atwood 17th Engineers for “Exceptionally Meritorious and Conspicuous services at Base Section September 1 France”. American Expeditionary Forces In Testimony Thereof, And As An Expression Of Appreciation Of These Services, I Award Him This Citation. Awarded On 13 April 1918 and signed by General John J. Pershing. General of the Armies John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing was a senior United States Army officer. He served most famously as the commander of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) on the Western Front in World War I, 1917–18. In addition to leading the A.E.F. to victory in World War I, Pershing notably served as a mentor to many in the generation of generals who led the United States Army during World War II, including George Marshall, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar Bradley, Lesley J. McNair, George S. Patton and Douglas MacArthur. During his command in WWI, Pershing rejected British and French demands that American forces be integrated with their armies, and insisted that the AEF would operate as a single unit under his command, although some American divisions fought under British command, and he also allowed all-black units to be integrated with the French army. The 17th Engineer Regiment was a US Army unit that served in World War I, building railroads and docks in France: Organization: The 17th Engineer Regiment was formed in Atlanta, Georgia in 1917, primarily with railroad workers from the Midwest and Southern states. The regiment was led by Colonel John S. Atwell. Deployment: The 17th Engineer Regiment was one of the first nine Engineer Regiments to arrive in France. They arrived in Liverpool, England on August 12, 1917, and then traveled to Le Havre, France, where they arrived on August 19. Construction: The 17th Engineer Regiment built docks, additions to docks, and new railroad lines. They also built a Smile cutoff to avoid a rail bottleneck in Nevers, which included a 2,190-foot bridge over the Loire River. Other contributions: The 17th Engineer Regiment also helped maintain a standard gauge railroad service.

Attractive WW1 USMC Certificate the reads War Service Certificate United States Marine Corps This Certifies that Carl C. Gilbert performed honorable active service in the U.S. Marine Corps from May 18, 1917 to August 13. 1918 in the following organizations and on board the following ships of the Navy Parris Island Quantico Va. 4th Brigade 2nd Div. AEF France and is signed by Major General George Barnett. Excellent with a frame measuring 19 1/4 X 11 1/4. Excellent. Formation: In World War I, the 4th Brigade served in the U.S. 2d Division, which comprised two infantry brigades, each fielding two infantry regiments. In the 2d Division, the U.S. Army’s 9th and 23d Infantry Regiments and the 5th Machine Gun Battalion constituted the 3d Infantry Brigade. The Marines comprised the 4th Brigade with the 5th and 6th Marine Regiments and the 6th Machine Gun Battalion. The division would not be formed until September 1917 as these units arrived en masse to France. The first Marines of the 5th Regiment landed in France on 26 June 1917. By 3 July, the entire regiment was under canvas. Initially, the Marines were assigned guard duty. Eventually, the 1st and 2d Battalions were transferred to the Gondrecourt training area to learn under the so-called French “Blue Devils,” the Chasseurs Alpin. On 24 and 25 September, the 5th Regiment moved to the Bourmont training area. The first units of the 6th Regiment began arriving in France in November 1917. They would join the 2d Division as its nucleus, alongside the 5th Regiment. It would not be until 10 February 1918 that the final Marines of the 6th Regiment would arrive and complete the 4th Brigade. Due to the various guard assignments and piecemeal arrival of the Marines, training did not begin in earnest until February 1918. Trench Life: On 21 March 1918, the Germans launched an offensive along the Somme, cracking the British lines. They followed this success with a second offensive on 9 April near Lys. In order to send experienced French troops to contain the offensives, the Marines’ time in the trenches would be extended by another month. This long stay in Verdun curtailed the 2d Division’s ability to practice the open warfare maneuvers the AEF depended on.14 During this time, the various battalions rotated through the front lines so that by the end, every unit had experience in the trenches. This introduced the Marines to valuable skills they would need to survive in France. Although the trench environment would not follow the Marines after their service in the Toulon sector, they carried with them the lessons and stories gathered at Verdun. This also provided the only time that Marines would fight like their British and French allies had for the previous four years, and, for those who would survive the hell that followed, it gave them a unique look at the war. However, this did not mean that the Marines were happy for the experience. To the contrary, as remarked by Lieutenant Colonel Richard Derby, 2d Sanitary Train, 2d Division, From the beginning our men did not like the trenches. It was not the kind of warfare that appealed to them. Continuous living in the mud with never a sight of the enemy, got on their nerves and made them morose, just as it had done in the case of many good men before them. They were impatient for a fight at close quarters. They despised an enemy that kept himself out of sight, they despised their blue coated neighbors for their apparent indifference to this stationary warfare, and they would have ended in despising themselves. But in spite of rain and mud, that inner fire kept burning, fed by the prospect of leaving the trenches when fine weather had established itself.  Some Marines did find a way to make the best of their situation by appealing to the emotions of the local French. Corporal Joseph E. Rendinell, 84th Company, 6th Regiment, stated, “We told them that we were going to Verdun because a lot of them have brothers and kin folks there. Some cried, so we cried too. We sure put on a good act because they kept fetching out the wine and cognac. I guess I must have cried at every house in the village.”The trench environment taught several aspects of survival to the Marines, from surviving the weapons of war, the tactics involved, to daily life in a mud-covered cesspool. Despite Verdun being referred to as a “quiet sector,” the threat of German military action still persisted. The Marines would be subject to heavy artillery barrages, the use of mustard gas, and the withering fire of German machine guns. Being most of the Marines’ first time under shell fire, they came face to face with their own fears of death alongside the other men of the 2d Division. Private Harry Driscoll, 2d Ammunition Train, 2d Division, admitted to his brother of his first shelling in Verdun, “I am not ashamed to say I had a funny feeling, and although I had gone to confession and communion the Sunday before, I began to think of my past life. Those big shells made me do that.”17 In the Toulon sector, the Marines would learn the necessary skills to survive against incoming artillery. Private Stewart recalled that they “learned to tell about where they would land by the sound of the various shells.” Constant artillery later became a commonplace condition for the Marines wherever they served throughout the war, but those who learned at Verdun would teach the replacements as they rotated into units. At this time, gas also became a reality for the Marines who had until then only practiced their gas mask drills. In the heat of battle, the quick thinking needed to retrieve one’s mask and place it over one’s face while still maintaining combat readiness would prove too much for many Marines who would perish from gas in the coming months. Gas became a very common tool the Germans used against the Marines at Toulon. In writing his article “The Fourth Brigade of Marines in the Training Areas and the Operations in the Verdun Sector,” Major Edwin N. McClellan noted that whether the Germans labored under the impression that the Americans were afraid of gas, whether it was their policy to administer liberal doses of it to all newly arrived units, or whether it just happened that conditions were favorable, the various American Divisions were all greeted with large quantities of gas as soon as their arrival became known to the enemy. The Marines, among others, received their share of the poisonous stuff. An extent of the enemy’s gas activities can be gained when it is considered that more than four hundred gas shells were dropped within a small area in the rear of the Marines’ lines, during one bombardment. Colonel Albertus W. Catlin, commanding officer of 6th Regiment, believed “that the gas was the worst evil we had to encounter, and we learned to dread the deadly smell of mustard.”The gas attacks could come at any moment, even while the Marines slept. Corporal George W. Ruth, 97th Company, 6th Regiment, remembered one night when “we had the gas alert . . . they hit the end of the barracks house and I am sure I slept some, but whatever I slept that night was with a gas mask on, naturally.” The constant looming threat of a gas attack made many of the Marines jumpy while listening for a gas alarm. This resulted in many false alarms and sometimes to the embarrassment of those raising the alarm, such as when First Lieutenant Sellers “thought I heard a siren go off, so I had the platoon put on their gas masks. The ‘siren’ turned out to be a mule braying, much to my embarrassment.” Alongside the artillery and gas training, time in the trenches also acclimated the 6th Machine Gun Battalion to fighting under real battlefield conditions. Major Littleton W. T. Waller Jr., commanding officer of 6th Machine Gun Battalion, wrote that “in this trench work the machine gunners learned much, although no drills and instructions were held.”23 The companies built emplacements under camouflage, secured protection against observation from German airplanes, cared for their animals and equipment under adverse conditions, and learned of the supply needs under trench conditions. They also learned the proper methods “which up to this time had not been found in textbooks” such as how to establish mechanical means of covering certain areas with fire at night; safety precautions to keep from shooting into our patrols or working parties; how to furnish sentry and ration details and still get the maximum amount of rest; liaison, a subject which up to this time we had not really understood, and one which is a complete study in itself; and best of all, how to give general directions to platoon and section commanders and to trust to them for the execution of the details to carry these out. Probably the most valuable items of all those learned in this sector was the selfreliance acquired by platoon and section commanders, which taught them to rely on their own judgement and gave them confidence in their own ability to handle their own units under any conditions that might arise. Thus, the Marines within the 6th Machine Gun Battalion learned the valuable lessons of warfare that would carry them through the harsh fighting in the following months. On top of learning survival skills of trench warfare, the Marines needed to learn the tactics required to fight in the trenches. This included reconnaissance and raids into the German lines. Private Stewart recalled of the patrols You were facing their trenches and they were facing our trenches and every night there would be a patrol go out to try and see if they were making any changes or anything. One thing that always bothered me a little bit, this patrol was not supposed to open fire on anybody, but you were supposed to get back into your trenches as fast as you could and report what you found out. And in my mind I always thought, here we come tearing back, these guys are gonna think we’re [Germans] and shoot us but they never did. Stewart also wrote home of one particular experience, likely in an observation post, in which “I lived five days out in ‘no man’s land’ without going back as far as the first line. We got two shellings in the five days there, so were glad to get out when we did.” The grueling schedule of being on post in the trenches began to impact the troops’ perceptions. Corporal Joseph E. Rendinell noted, “My eyes got sore looking out in No Man’s Land. The bobbed [sic] wire posts and stumps of trees looked like they moved and many a time I let fly thinking they was Germans.” When they were not fighting or dodging artillery, the Marines of the 4th Brigade worked to acclimate themselves to their new surroundings. The trench environment consisted of mud “knee deep in many places; have running water in the dugouts and water knee deep in some of the bomb proofs.” Besides the natural conditions of the trenches, the Marines inherited the refuse of the French who had occupied the position before them. First Lieutenant Sellers recalled. Major Thomas Holcomb, USMC, our battalion commander, came out one night shortly after we had arrived at L’Eveche to inspect my platoon. The French had previously occupied the trenches we were inhabiting, and they had made their bunks out of two by fours and chicken wire, and had left grenades, ammunition, and other supplies in every nook and cranny. Of course, Major Holcomb had to find something to criticize, so he zeroed in on the mess the French had left for us. The Major’s criticisms insulted my platoon GySgt. George H. Lyman. As I was coming back around a corner I heard Sergeant Lyman talking to another sergeant, and, referring to Holcomb, he said, “He ain’t worth a [c——k] full of cold piss.” I had never heard such a vile expression in my entire life. He was taking up for me of course, but I am surely glad the Major did not hear him. These conditions did not provide a stable foundation for the Americans and the Marines spent much of their time digging and shoring up the trench networks. Along with the mud and the combat conditions, the brigade was spread out and separated by large areas, making their movement both difficult and unsafe. For example, First Lieutenant Sellers recalled that the 78th Company spent time near Mont-sous-les-Côtes, once a small village, now uninhabited “except by rats and certain other varmints, and my platoon of Marines. They ought to have called us Maroons though, because nobody could visit there or depart during daylight. We had to sleep all day, stay under cover, then come out and stand to during the night, having breakfast just after nightfall, dinner at 11:30 p.m. and supper about 7 a.m.”31 The Marines suffered through the trenches and the uncomfortable life offered therein. However, for some officers, life at the front was comfortable. In late April, Sellers became “a regular cave dweller.” His platoon found themselves positioned at the base of an old quarry cliff. The sandstone had a crack in the cliff face where the French had entered and carved out rooms. Sellers was “half way up the face.” He was “as safe as a bug in a rug, in a solid rock dugout built or rather hollowed out of a crack in a quarry wall. I had a bunk for myself, one for my orderly, a little table on which I wrote, a small open fireplace, some shelves, and a couple of benches. I brought several candles with me, also some paper and a pen.” However, this was not the norm for many Marines and the unsanitary conditions of the trenches plagued many. While trying to survive through the realities of trench life, Marines struggled to fight their hunger. Rations became difficult to supply to the men. In simply passing through the trenches, the “gummy viscous mass” of mud meant that stopping for even two minutes would require “considerable effort to extricate one’s feet from the red, sticky mud.” The 6th Machine Gun Battalion suffered due to their units being scattered and assigned to various other companies. At first, they attempted to disperse rations preparation among each company, but as Major Waller remembered, “The gun positions were so far apart that the men carrying the rations were exhausted by the long trips through the mud of the trenches.” Private Stewart lamented, “They sure said truly when the guy said ‘give me the safety of the front line’ but there are disadvantages to it even with all its ‘safety.’ It is pretty hard to get up such things as water and ‘chow’!!”35 The rations the men could get were scant but, if they were lucky, as Stewart recalled, they could have “bacon and spuds for breakfast; beef and spuds for dinner, and stew and rice for supper; coffee and bread at each meal, and that is all, provided the [German] artillery does not locate our ‘chow’ house.” However, as First Lieutenant Sellers noted, “the bread was moldy, and we did not get much. . . . We usually lived on stew (known as slum), canned ‘bill,’ and hard tack, with an occasional slab of bacon.” It also seemed to one Marine, Private Clifford Medine of the 55th Company, 5th Regiment, that the Germans specifically targeted the American force’s food in an effort to make their lives even more miserable: “Easter Sunday the [Germans] played us a dirty trick. We were going to have a big dinner, turkey and everything, and just a half-hour before they dished out the chow, the damned fools dropped a big shell in the dugout where the kitchen was and out went the big feast, flying in all directions, with the cook and a few helpers.” One unfortunate instance of this targeting of food left many men of the 95th Company, 6th Regiment, sick. While in the back of the lines, their rations, particularly the bread, received a “shelling of mustard gas,” as Private Warren R. Jackson recalled: “Every man in that company thought he was going to die and was disappointed because he could not.” Fortunately, the effects of the gas bread only lasted a few days. The environment and lack of reliable food left many Marines “cold and wet, and hungry.” The Marines were not the only hungry creatures in the trenches. Lice (cooties) and rats became the bunkmates of many Marines. The Marines spent much time ridding their uniforms of lice. Colonel Albertus W. Catlin claimed, “The cootie is as troublesome as shrapnel and he loves Red Cross knitting.”41 The men tried to rid themselves of these creatures in the trenches, such as taking a lighter or match along the seams of their uniform to burn any lice and their eggs. Sometimes, to provide some entertainment, the Marines would have “cootie races.” They would take a frying pan and make two marks with chalk in it as a start and finish line, pick two lice from their body, and bet on which would win. Once placed on the starting line, the pan would be heated to encourage the lice to hop along to the finish. The Marines “spent long hours picking lice and throwing them in a hot pan.”It was not until around 8 May that the Marines were able to properly rid themselves of the lice. Their uniforms were placed into the Thresh-Foden disinfectors. These were large cylinders mounted on truck chassis that operated a steam engine in which clothing and blankets were placed. In 15 minutes, all of the lice and their eggs would be killed and the Marines could have a brief respite from the constant itching.44 Rats, attracted to the ideal conditions in the trenches of sewage waste and the rotten corpses of men forgotten in no-man’s land, were omnipresent. Many Marines awoke to rats crawling across their bodies or attempting to steal their food. Private Stewart commented that “we not only eat and sleep with the rats, but at night on watch they throw rocks at you from the parapet. They are certainly familiar.” Corporal Sidney B. Hill of the 79th Company, 6th Regiment, wrote home that sometimes when he was “listening on the wire for the [Germans], the rats get on it and begin to fight and for a few moments he does not know whether it is a [German] coming and whether he should throw a bomb, or fire his rifle, or just lay low.” Hill also remarked, “I would hate to kill a poor innocent rat, but I would love to get a [German].Rats could grow quite large and would frequently gnaw on wounded men. Corporal Joseph Rendinell recalled: “These rats are terrible. We can’t lay down without them starting in to nibble at our legs. They are nice and fat from eating dead French and Germans. Now they want American meat. Those babies will find it pretty tough, I bet.”47 Corporal Adel M. Storey, 83d Company, 6th Regiment, wrote, Never in my life have I seen rats of such size as these are here. They don’t run from us, either, like any ordinary rats does. They will fight like a good fellow when you fool with them. Where we are now there are several cats, and in the daytime they come into the dugouts and around where we are, but at night they stay out in No Man’s Land. . . . But it is a fact, when everything is quiet at night around the trenches and in the dugouts the rats are out in force and the cats take refuge in No Man’s Land. To combat this plague of rodents and provide some form of entertainment, the Marines often hunted the rats through the trenches. Major Robert L. Denig, 17th Company, 5th Regiment, wrote home, “Oh, yes, rat-hunting in the trenches is some sport. They run down and everyone tries to jump on them. I got a couple. The rats are worse than the [Germans].”49 Sometimes, dogs such as Jimbo, a rat terrier who was the mascot of the 67th Company, 5th Regiment, were used to hunt the rats. But the Marines also had an aardvark that Colonel Albertus Catlin recalled “did murder rats.” The unsanitary conditions of trench life also made it difficult to maintain good hygiene. The constant water in the trenches led to many cases of trench foot. Marines like Private James Scarbrough, 83d Company, 6th Regiment, suffered through the condition and recalled that his “feet were already bad from the ice and cold, but now they were swollen up like bear’s feet. . . . It was becoming a war with the mud as much as a war with the Germans.”51 Just to get a bath, the Marines would expose themselves to hostile fire from the German trenches. Private Stewart recalled one such instance during the brigade’s time in Toulon when the troops decided that a bath was worth the risk to their lives: “There was a pond there in the area out in the open and some of us got us a bath right there in the open. [The enemy] was over there about couple hundred yards away in the trenches but it was broad daylight so we weren’t too scared that they were gonna come.” As a precaution, they laid their rifles out on the ground around the shell hole as they bathed. Trench life also provided them time to reflect on their homes or perhaps it forced them to in order to escape their current living situations. Stewart wrote home about one of these evenings: “We had a good thunder and lightning storm last night, about the first we’ve had. Didn’t seem natural not to hear the ‘whistle’ of the shell when you hear the crack and see the flash. Did seem more like a Kansas storm tho. My bunk is open on one side so it is sure outdoor life; last night the wind blew some but we escaped a soaking.” However, these moments of peace were periodically broken with fierce combat as the Germans tested the strength of the 4th Brigade and the 2d Division. Combat: Adding to all of their lessons, the true test of the Marines came with the intense close-quarters combat of the trenches. The fears and excitement of the Marines after arriving in the Toulon sector are best summed by Corporal Havelock D. Nelson, 97th Company, 6th Regiment. How would I react under machine gun or shell fire? Would I cringe and hide, or, worse yet, run the wrong way? If it came to hand-to-hand combat, would I have the strength and skill to parry the swiftly approaching enemy bayonet, or would I be so paralyzed with fear that the cold steel would, unhindered, find a mark in my stomach or throat? Just how did it feel to have a bayonet or trench-knife suddenly plunged into some vital spot? What would be the sensations immediately following the impact of a bullet or shell-fragment? How would the boys as a whole react? Would the military discipline born of the past few months of intensive training still hold us together as an efficient military machine during the heat and intense excitement of actual combat? When the Marines finally arrived at the front, the sector seemed to operate under a tacit agreement between the French and Germans of “if you don’t shoot at me, I won’t shoot at you.”55 However, the sector would not remain so quiet. On 1 April 1918, Private Emil Henry Gehrke, 82d Company, 6th Regiment, became the first Marine killed in action in France. A German shell exploded over his working party in the woods to the rear of its position in the trenches. Shell fragments passed through Gehrke’s chest, killing him instantly. Privates Anton F. Hoesli and John R. Gabriel were severely wounded, and Private Harry R. Williams was mortally wounded and died on 2 April.56 This loss instilled a fire within the Marines. As Colonel Albertus W. Catlin remarked, “We knew we were in the war then, in deadly earnest, and our men drew together and faced the music with a grim determination that boded ill for the unlucky [Germans] who might chance to appear within range of their rifles.”On 6 April, the anniversary of the United States’ entrance into the war, the heaviest bombardment up to that point assailed the Marines. This was followed by a raid on the 74th Company at the town of Tresauvaux that did not meet any success. The Marines repulsed the attack, killing four Germans while losing one Marine and three wounded. On 12 April, the 6th Regiment received its first heavy losses of the war. That foggy morning, the 74th Company was sleeping in reserve at Camp Fontaine-St. Robert, mostly in barracks in a wooded ravine. Unfortunately for the Marines, the Germans knew the position of the camp “in Map Square 3272.” Suddenly, a heavy barrage made of mostly gas inundated the area, catching the Marines in their billets before they had a chance to escape. A shell “struck the roof of a building crowded with men, and the concentrated fumes filled the structure before the men were able to get their gas masks on. The shifting winds soon spread the gas to all parts of the ravine. The men were scattered through the woods for better protection, and their wet clothes readily absorbed the gas, which accounted for the serious body burns that resulted.”All officers were evacuated in serious condition and about 220 men were burned or had inhaled the gas. Forty of them died as a result. One of the hospital corpsmen, Pharmacist’s Mate Third Class Fred C. Schaffner, who had not been in the building, but who worked for hours over his comrades, inhaled so much gas from the men’s clothing that he died 48 hours later. Another corpsman, Hospital Apprentice First Class Carl O. Kingsbury, also suffered from gas exposure while treating the wounded Marines, but was evacuated and spent the next three and half months in the hospital; one month of which he was totally blind.64 Both men would become the first Navy corpsmen awarded the Army Distinguished Service Cross in World War I. The high mortality rate was nearly twice that ordinarily experienced by either the French or British. A later analysis of the shells showed this was “due to the mixture of phosgene.”During the period of 17–21 April, Marines of the 96th Company, 6th Regiment, moved up to the frontline trenches. Corporal Harrison Cale remembered from this trip, “When the dawn came our men climbed onto the parapets and when they saw some Germans down by a creek washing their clothing they promptly opened fire on them. This not only brought down the wrath of the French but a raid by the Germans. Now came our long waited chance for action.”66 The Germans brought down a heavy bombardment on the Marines and then attacked in force. The Germans barely “reached the barbed wire entanglements” in front of the American trench when the Marines “opened up such a heavy rifle fire and machine gun fire that we held them in the wire until the American artillery . . . got into action.” The barrage finally inflicted enough casualties to convince the Germans to retreat.  On 20 April, the 84th Company, 6th Regiment, held back a large raid while outnumbered two to one. In the middle of the night, the Germans crawled through the mud and quietly cut through almost half of the last line of barbed wire entanglements nearest the American trenches. Fortunately, the snapping of wires alerted the Marines, who quickly opened fire. The Germans, once discovered, let loose with rifle fire, flamethrowers, and grenades. Soon, Germans jumped into the trench while throwing grenades. Intense hand-to-hand combat and such a large force necessitated a barrage to push back the Germans.68 The Marines attempted to fire the six-star signal flares four times, but they were too damp. All lines of communication had been cut off. Fortunately, more flares were found and fired, which called down a short 10-minute barrage. Two Marines, Privates Earl H. Sleeth and Frank H. Hullinger, volunteered to convey the call to Mont-sous-les-Côtes to continue the barrage. They both braved the horrific German barrage falling on the road to the back of the lines but managed to make it through safely. Exhausted from his sprint through hell, Hullinger remained at Mont-sous-les-Côtes while Sleeth returned to the front with more flares.69 The intense fire of the Marines pushed the Germans back. During that same night, the 83d Company, 6th Regiment, also held off about 30 Germans equipped with flamethrowers and grenades. Of the flamethrower, Private James Scarbrough recalled that “in trenches, it was very effective and it caused a horrible death. . . . You’d feel the heat from a hundred yards away. . . . The smell of men burning with that gasoline vapor stays with you.” Fortunately, the Germans did not make it through their barbed wire entanglements and the 83d Company pushed them back with grenades and machine-gun fire. Once they ceased fire, a flare went up to provide light over the carnage. Private Scarbrough peeked over the top where he saw two German soldiers “hanging in the wire, dead. . . . They were all jumbled in the wire and looked like scarecrows, just shadows of men. . . . The Germans were all gone; they had all retreated out of there leaving their dead.”70 According to the German records, “After about one hour the patrol was forced to retreat to our own trenches without having accomplished anything.” On 21 April, the 45th Company, 5th Regiment, held the trench line through the town of Eix. Between 0400 and 0500, the Germans laid down a barrage and a German raiding party attacked the line. Fortunately, the Marines repulsed the enemy before it reached the second row of wire. The casualties of the 3d Battalion, 5th Regiment, from the attack consisted of 3 men killed and 11 wounded. The Germans left with three officers and one private killed. The following morning, several German ambulances were seen going to the rear, indicating that the losses sustained by the enemy in the raid of the previous night were quite heavy. In the dead of night on 22 April, U.S. Army Reserve second lieutenant August L. Sundval of the 18th Company, 5th Regiment, led a patrol of 30 men into no-man’s-land. During their advance, they ran into a larger German working party “numbering at least a hundred men.” Unfortunately for the Germans, “the Marine does not count his enemy’s number.” A heated battle erupted in the mud wherein “rifles cracked and spat fire, and now and then a grunt told of an American bayonet that had found its sheath in a German body.” During the fighting, Sundval was wounded and as the battle lulled, Corporal Wolcott Winchenbaugh grabbed Sundval and carried him through heavy machine-gun fire back to the American lines. For his actions, Winchenbaugh received the Army Distinguished Service Cross. In early May, toward the end of their stint in the sector, some Marines of the 49th Company, 5th Regiment, went on a patrolling party into no-man’s-land when they “ran into a German party and the Germans shouted ‘Halte’.” The Marines dropped down “to old Mother Earth and the music started.” Despite being outnumbered, the Marines drove back the Germans and captured a wounded German officer.76 In instances such as this, the Germans praised the Americans’ “sporting instinct” in “crawling ahead” to face the German patrols. The aforementioned engagements are just some of the many fights between the Marines and the Germans that heralded their arrival in France. While not taking major losses like the battles in the following months, the Marines still suffered 513 casualties. However, this varied greatly between companies depending on where they served on the front. Some units such as the 20th Company, 5th Regiment, did not suffer any major casualties and during their time in the trenches “no action took place, and everything was quiet.”Beginning on 13 May, the French began to relieve the 4th Brigade from the sector. They then traveled a long journey to about 40.2 kilometers northwest of Paris near the French villages of Gisors and Chaumont-en-Vexin drilling, maneuver training, and resting. As Private Stewart remarked of this period, the Marines were “sure hitting the ball from 5:30 to 9:30 P.M. so we think our rest billet is at the front, not the rear. But at that I haven’t heard anyone wishing for the front line. It is some relief to be out of range of the sighing Susies.”80 This rest would not last long before they would be whisked away to stop the German advance toward Paris near Belleau Wood in June. While not as large as the later engagements, the time the Marines spent in the trenches of the Toulon sector established them as a formidable fighting force that would thoroughly test the strength of the German Army. As Private Clifford Medine, 55th Company, 5th Regiment, stated in a letter home, the success of the Marines in the trenches “was remarkable, as we were new to the game and nearly all the fighting was hand-to-hand business.” The men of the 4th Brigade upheld the reputation of the Corps and earned their accolades. Many examples of heroism were undertaken around Verdun. Some of these were recognized with medals, while many acts of personal bravery unfortunately went unacknowledged. Acts of Valor: Several Marines were awarded medals for their valor while at Verdun. For instance, on 17 April a force composed of French soldiers and Marines of the 5th Regiment successfully launched a raid out of Eix, near Demi-Lune. For their part in the raid, Second Lieutenant Max D. Gilfillan and Sergeant Louis Cukela of 49th Company, Corporal John L. Kuhn (who was killed) and Private Walter Klamm of 16th Company, and Private George C. Brooks of 17th Company were awarded the Silver Star Medal and the French Croix de Guerre. Patrols into no-man’s-land also resulted in many acts of heroism that went unrecognized. One such act was performed by Gunnery Sergeant Charles Thompson of the 83d Company, 6th Regiment, on 30 April. That night, Thompson took two Marines from his company, Private Edward J. Steinmetz and Private Gregory A. Dorian, on a reconnaissance patrol. The Marines discovered an abandoned set of trenches and went into them to find the enemy. During their exploration, Steinmetz slipped in the mud and fell. He “almost laughed” but when he drew breath, he found that mustard gas had begun filling the trench. Thompson “grabbed Steinmetz by the belt and hurled him topside, out of the trench.” While Steinmetz gasped for breath “hoping to God the [Germans] didn’t hear him,” Thompson went deeper into the trench to pull Dorian out. Thompson then carried Dorian over his shoulder and led Steinmetz back through no-man’s-land while dodging a German patrol. Thompson and Steinmetz recovered from their wounds, but Private Gregory Dorian died on 1 May at Base Hospital 15. Bravery does not require a front line to be shown. Acts of valor also took place behind the lines in the Toulon sector. For example, during a bombardment of Mont-sous-les-Côtes at about 1845, on 9 April, Private Clarence S. Markham, 84th Company, 6th Regiment, was thrown to the street by an explosion. Private James E. Hatcher, 84th Company, 6th Regiment, witnessed this and, without thinking of his own danger, ran into the barrage and carried Private Markham to a place of safety. While carrying the wounded man, Private Hatcher fell to the ground, but quickly recovered and got his fellow Marine out of further danger. Accolades: These examples are just a few of the countless acts of bravery shown by the Marines during their two-month stretch in the trenches. Their sacrifice and determination helped to form the identity of hard Marines who were even harder fighters. U.S. Army major general Omar Bundy, commanding general of 2d Division, commented that the “Fifth Regiment was regarded as one of the most efficient infantry organizations in the American Expeditionary Forces.” On replacing Brigadier General Charles A. Doyen, Brigadier General James G. Harbord wrote of the 4th Brigade, “Your Brigade has always set a pattern of soldierly excellence, and has been a pride to us all.” The Marines knew this, and expressed their opinions to General John J. Pershing during an inspection during their rest period in May. In a letter, Private Thomas L. Stewart wrote, “When we were inspected not long ago by Gen. Pershing, he asked if there were any recruits in our company. The answer was ‘No’.” Only hardened Marines made up the company after their time in the trenches. The accolades did not stop with American leadership. To the Germans, the Marines had secured their reputation as formidable enemies. According to the reports of the 10th Landwehr Division, the Americans of the 2d Division “offered embittered resistance with their machine guns, some even with their bayonet; a great many of them died fighting heroically.” The 5th and 6th Marine Regiments “should be classed as units of a somewhat higher value in view of their picked replacements and their better training than the 9th and 23d Infantry Regiments.” Marine Gunner Horace Talbot of Headquarters Company, 5th Regiment, wrote home of Verdun, The Germans who tried to conduct raids, etc., found out that this division had no intentions of being caught napping and letting a couple of hundred prisoners fall into their hands, as the case had been in another sector held by an American division. On the contrary, all raids against us were a failure, and it was the Germans instead who left prisoners and material in our hands and failed to accomplish anything against the Second. The Marines’ constant harassment and the Germans’ failure to accomplish anything of import against them led to the creation of the most treasured nickname of the Marine Corps, “Teufel Hunden” or Devil Dogs.90 Contrary to the popular myth, however, no evidence backs the claim that the nickname came from the Germans. The name began appearing in American newspapers by April 1918, with some articles claiming that their information came from a Marine’s letter home; yet the original source—the letter cited in the 13 April newspaper article—for this claim has not been found.91 Despite its dubious origin, the Marine Corps wore it as a badge of honor. Marine Corps publications erroneously claim the nickname came from the fighting during the Battle of Belleau Wood, but in fact, it was created during the 4th Brigade’s time in the Toulon sector.92 Corporal Willard P. Nelligan of 95th Company, 6th Regiment, later gave one explanation of how the Marines earned the nickname Devil Dogs. That’s what they call the Marines down at Verdun. Here’s how we got the name: We had our patrols out every night in No Man’s Land down there, and kept pestering the life out of them until they thought they would teach us a lesson; so they sent a raiding party, two hundred and fifty strong, to take our trenches and incidentally to get some prisoners. But we cut them to pieces, and instead of capturing any of us we captured most of them. They figured it was no use trying to capture any Marines, and they then nicknamed us “Teufelhunden.” Out of the lessons and accomplishments from the time spent in the trenches, perhaps the creation of this nickname played the largest part in the lasting impact and memory of the Marine Corps in World War I. The experiences of the Marines at Verdun in the Toulon sector were meant to train and acclimate them to modern warfare in France. Unfortunately, this meant that the 4th Brigade could not practice the open-warfare maneuvers the AEF depended on. The German spring offensive resulted in a longer stay in the trenches, which further belabored their lack of training.94 Despite this, the Marines excelled in facing the challenges they encountered in the trenches. Even though Belleau Wood dominates the annals of Marine Corps history, the time spent in the Toulon sector played a critical role in conditioning the Marines to life in the trenches, brought the first combat and casualties of the war, and established the Marine Corps as a formidable fighting force. The sacrifice and lessons learned in Toulon not only prepared the Marines for later momentous engagements but also founded the reputation that the Marine Corps continues to uphold today.

Measures 14 1/2" long with a 3 1/2" blade that tappers to a point. Gray metal with light pitting. May clean to a higher grade. Very Good

Late 19th Century British Hussars or Yeomanry Uniform Jacket. Coat is adorned with gold bullion and is made of White wool with Red facings. The double breasted 14 button front is missing a button and some wear to the bullion but otherwise excellent. There is a tailor's label to the interior from Chas. H. Fox of 184 High Holborm W.C.1. Excellent. The style of uniform incorporating the pelisse originated with the Hussar mercenaries of Hungary in the 17th Century. As this type of light cavalry unit became popular in Western Europe, so too did their dress. In the 19th century pelisses were in use throughout most armies in Europe, and even some in North and South America. In appearance the pelisse was characteristically a very short and extremely tight fitting (when worn) jacket, the cuffs and collar of which were trimmed with fur. The jacket was further decorated with patterns sewn in bullion lace. The front of the jacket was distinctive and featured several rows of parallel frogging and loops, and either three or 5 lines of buttons. For officers of British Hussars this frogging, regimentally differentiated, was generally of gold or silver bullion lace, to match either gold (gilt) or silver buttons. Other ranks had either yellow lace with brass buttons or white lace with 'white-metal' buttons. Lacing varied from unit to unit and country to country. The pelisse was usually worn slung over the left shoulder, in the manner of a short cloak, over a jacket of similar style - but without the fur lining or trim - called a dolman jacket. It was held in place by a lanyard. In cold weather the pelisse could be worn over the dolman.

Late 19th Century British Hussars or Yeomanry Uniform Jacket. Coat is adorned with gold bullion and is made of Green wool with Red facings. The double breasted 14 button front is missing a few buttons but otherwise excellent. There is a tailor's label to the interior from Chas. H. Fox of 184 High Holborm W.C.1. Excellent. The style of uniform incorporating the pelisse originated with the Hussar mercenaries of Hungary in the 17th Century. As this type of light cavalry unit became popular in Western Europe, so too did their dress. In the 19th century pelisses were in use throughout most armies in Europe, and even some in North and South America. In appearance the pelisse was characteristically a very short and extremely tight fitting (when worn) jacket, the cuffs and collar of which were trimmed with fur. The jacket was further decorated with patterns sewn in bullion lace. The front of the jacket was distinctive and featured several rows of parallel frogging and loops, and either three or 5 lines of buttons. For officers of British Hussars this frogging, regimentally differentiated, was generally of gold or silver bullion lace, to match either gold (gilt) or silver buttons. Other ranks had either yellow lace with brass buttons or white lace with 'white-metal' buttons. Lacing varied from unit to unit and country to country. The pelisse was usually worn slung over the left shoulder, in the manner of a short cloak, over a jacket of similar style - but without the fur lining or trim - called a dolman jacket. It was held in place by a lanyard. In cold weather the pelisse could be worn over the dolman.

USS Battleship Maine Entering Havana Harbor Chromolithograph by Kurz Allison circa 1898 in a period Oak frame measuring 25 3/4 X 29 3/4 inches. Excellent. The U.S.S. Maine was a United States Navy ship that sank in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898, contributing to the outbreak of the Spanish–American War in April. U.S. newspapers, engaging in yellow journalism to boost circulation, claimed that the Spanish were responsible for the ship's destruction. The phrase, "Remember the Maine! To hell with Spain!" became a rallying cry for action. Although the Maine explosion was not a direct cause, it served as a catalyst that accelerated the events leading up to the war. Maine is described as an armored cruiser or second-class battleship, depending on the source. Commissioned in 1895, she was the first U.S. Navy ship to be named after the state of Maine. Maine and its contemporary the battleship Texas were both represented as an advance in American warship design, reflecting the latest European naval developments. Both ships had two-gun turrets staggered en échelon, and full sailing masts were omitted due to the increased reliability of steam engines. Due to a protracted 9-year construction period, Maine and Texas were obsolete by the time of completion. Far more advanced vessels were either in service or nearing completion that year. Maine was sent to Havana Harbor to protect U.S. interests during the Cuban War of Independence. She exploded and sank on the evening of 15 February 1898, killing 268 sailors, or three-quarters of her crew. In 1898, a U.S. Navy board of inquiry ruled that the ship had been sunk by an external explosion from a mine. However, some U.S. Navy officers disagreed with the board, suggesting that the ship's magazines had been ignited by a spontaneous fire in a coal bunker. The coal used in Maine was bituminous, which is known for releasing firedamp, a mixture of gases composed primarily of flammable methane that is prone to spontaneous explosions. An investigation by Admiral Hyman Rickover in 1974 agreed with the coal fire hypothesis, penning a 1976 monograph that argued for this conclusion. The cause of her sinking remains a subject of debate. The ship lay at the bottom of the harbor until 1911, when a cofferdam was built around it. The hull was patched up until the ship was afloat, then she was towed to sea and sunk. Maine now lies on the seabed 3,600 feet (1,100 m) below the surface. The ship's main mast is now a memorial in Arlington National Cemetery.

WWI US Military wooden drill / training rifle. Good condition with wear from use and age. It measures approximately 46-3/4"

Lot of two Arrowheads to include 1) Roman Republic, c. 1st century BC. Small bronze arrowhead. 18 mm (11/16"), olive-green patina. cf. Malloy, Weapons, plate XIV #122. Similar to examples found in the Villa Julia Collection. A wonderful example! 2) This Viking iron arrowhead (800-1100 AD) measuring 2 3/4 inches

Original 12 inch McClellan Cavalry saddle with Oak Stirrups and Leather Hoods with Embossed US. All leather is in excellent condition with tight stitching. and is excellent condition. Origin and development: In April 1855, six years before the start of the Civil War, Captain George B. McClellan sailed to Europe as part of a military commission to study developments in European tactics, weaponry, and logistics. McClellan's focus was the organization of engineer troops and cavalry. After the one-year tour, during which time McClellan observed several battles of the Crimean War, McClellan brought back almost 100 books and manuals. These he read before writing his report, which concluded with his proposed manual for American cavalry adapted from existing Russian cavalry regulations. He also proposed a cavalry saddle that he claimed was a modification of a Hungarian model used in the Prussian service. The saddle was almost certainly a modification of the Spanish tree saddle in common use in Mexico during this period, and which had become common in some parts of the US. The McClellan saddle was adopted by the US War Department in 1859 and remained standard issue, in various models, for the remaining history of the horse cavalry. The original M1859 version was the form used during the Civil War, and the design saw subsequent modifications. The saddle always remained recognizable as McClellan's design, which included cavalry and artillery models. In addition, a model for packers was introduced as the M1913. Influences on McClellan's design: The design was based on the Spanish tree saddles in wide use in the United States at the time, and which had seen US Army use, although McClellan claimed that it was based on Hussar saddles he'd observed in use in the Crimean War. While McClellan did go overseas and observe the Crimean War for the US, the saddle does not closely duplicate any pattern in use by the armies in that conflict, but is very close to the widely used Spanish tree saddle, which was originally a saddle in common use in Mexico. The design underwent modifications over time, although in many ways it remained remarkably unchanged. The saddle was simple and less expensive than existing saddles, light enough not to burden the horse, but sturdy enough to give good support to the rider and his gear. It supported a rawhide-covered open seat, a thick leather skirt, wooden stirrups, and a girth strap of woolen yarn.[1] Added accessories to the saddle sometimes included a nose bag for horse feed, a curry comb to groom the horse, a picket pin and lariat to tether the horse while grazing, saddlebags, and a "thimble" that held the muzzle of the cavalryman's carbine. The McClellan saddle was placed on top of a saddlecloth, shabrack, or saddle blanket.

WWI Imperial German brass sculpture with Eagle holds an EKII or Iron Cross Second Class in his beak. Measures 10 X 6 1/2 inches and is very attractive.

Molded, smooth, blackened leather construction hard-shell holster for the standard 4" barrel P08 Luger pistol. The holster features a scalloped, fold back, top flap with a horizontal stitched hinge to the reverse and an aluminum stud and a horizontal leather loop to the obverse. The front body of the holster has a corresponding, stitched on upward pointing, vertical closure strap with a single stud eyelet which attaches to the stud on the top flap for a secure closure. The holster has an extra magazine pocket stitched to the forward edge with a semi-circular cut-out to the top edge for ease of accessing the extra magazine. The holster has an internal quick release pull strap which is inserted through a small horizontal slash on the front body of the holster. The reverse of the holster has dual, slightly diagonally angled, belt loops stitched in place. The holster is dated 1916 and is nicely maker marked to the interior. The reverse's exterior is Unit marked S.H. 805. The holster still retains the Luger Magazine and the takedown tool. Also with the rig is a Patented Leather  Belt with a Purple Felt Lining with a standard Pussian Enlisted Box Plate Buckle. Excellent.

National and merchant flag 1871–1918 (National- und Handelsflagge) measures 46  by 112 inches. Excellent.

The 1917 pattern, heavily oiled leather mask, with the smooth side to the interior. The leather is still quite supple. All of the retaining straps and fabric covered springs are intact. The magnetic sheet metal eye sockets, with age yellowed clear lenses, are all intact. The lenses have a separate cut-out sheet metal "sight," consisting of a central circle with six retaining arms, emanating from the center to the edges. A field-grey painted, sheet metal filter attachment fitting is to the mask bottom. Excellent.

WWI M1914 Swiss Waffenfabrik Neuhausen Sawtooth Bayonet for the Schmidt-Rubin Carbine. The number on the guard is 621130. The Blade Length is 19", the Handle Length is approximately 5", and the Overall Length is 24". The Model 1914 differs from earlier saw-tooth models with the addition of the bulge at the end of the blade. Also, the 1914 is fullered on only one side, the other side is flat. very good - excellent.

44 Star American Flag measuring 46 X 72 inches with applied stars and is completely sewn with minor holes and tears. The 44-Star Flag: This Flag became the Official United States Flag on July 4th, 1891. A star was added for the admission of Wyoming (July 10, 1890) and was to last for 5 years. The Presidents to serve under this flag were Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) and Grover Cleveland (1893-1897).

Admiral Dewey Artillery Shell Lamp. The cartridge section is 8 ¾” by 3 ½”. Stamped on the right side is a battleship surrounded with "ADMIRAL DEWEY'S LAMP", and on the left side is a set of crossed flags and an anchor with "REMEMBER THE MAINE". Sits on a pair of crossed cannons as legs. Has a couple of very small dents to the head of the shell. Excellent. George Dewey (December 26, 1837 – January 16, 1917) was Admiral of the Navy, the only person in United States history to have attained that rank. He is best known for his victory at the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish–American War, with the loss of only a single crewman on the American side. Dewey was born in Montpelier, Vermont. At age 15, Dewey's father enrolled him at Norwich University in Northfield, Vermont. Two years later Norwich expelled him for drunkenness and herding sheep into the barracks. Summarily, he entered the United States Naval Academy in 1854. He graduated from the academy in 1858 and was assigned as the executive lieutenant of the USS Mississippi at the beginning of the Civil War. He participated in the capture of New Orleans and the Siege of Port Hudson, helping the Union take control of the Mississippi River. By the end of the war, Dewey reached the rank of lieutenant commander. After the Civil War, Dewey undertook a variety of assignments, serving on multiple ships (including the USS Constitution) and as an instructor at the Naval Academy. He also served on the United States Lighthouse Board and the Board of Inspection and Survey. He was promoted to commodore in 1896 and assigned to the Asiatic Squadron the following year. After that appointment, he began preparations for a potential war with Spain, which broke out in April 1898. Immediately after the beginning of the war, Dewey led an attack on Manila Bay, sinking or capturing the entire Spanish Pacific fleet while suffering only minor casualties. After the battle, his fleet assisted in the capture of Manila. Dewey's victory at Manila Bay was widely lauded in the United States, and he was promoted to Admiral of the Navy in 1903. Dewey explored a run for the 1900 Democratic presidential nomination, but he withdrew from the race and endorsed President William McKinley. He served on the General Board of the United States Navy, an important policy-making body, from 1900 until his death in 1917.

French M1860 Naval Administration Officer's Dirk. Superb antique side arm or short sword for administrative officers of the French Navy, made in France during the 2nd Empire (circa 1860) and original from the time. The sidearm boasts a sober and attractive design, being a simple and stylish weapon. It comes with its original leather scabbard which preserves the original locket, Measures 22 inches in total length.

Post WW1 Marine Corps Helmet with Complete Liner and Chintrap. Absolutely in beautiful condition with a 1920's EGA applied to the front. Excellent. The Banana Wars were a series of conflicts that consisted of military occupation, police action, and intervention by the United States in Central America and the Caribbean between the end of the Spanish–American War in 1898 and the inception of the Good Neighbor Policy in 1934. The military interventions were primarily carried out by the United States Marine Corps, which also developed a manual, the Small Wars Manual (1921) based on their experiences. On occasion, the United States Navy provided gunfire support and the United States Army also deployed troops. With the Treaty of Paris signed in 1898, control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines fell to the United States (surrendered from Spain). The United States conducted military interventions in Cuba, Panama, Honduras, Nicaragua, Mexico, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic. These conflicts ended when the US withdrew from Haiti in 1934 under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The term "banana wars" was popularized in 1983 by writer Lester D. Langley. Langley wrote several books on Latin American history and American intervention, including: The United States and the Caribbean, 1900–1970 and The Banana Wars: An Inner History of the American Empire, 1900–1934. His work regarding the Banana Wars encompasses the entire United States tropical empire, which overtook the western hemisphere, spanning both Roosevelt presidencies. The term was popularized through this writing and portrayed the United States as a police force sent to reconcile these warring tropical countries, lawless societies and corrupt politicians; essentially establishing US reign over tropical trade.

The official name is, Bundesflieger-Abzeichen“ (Federal Aviator Badge). From September 1916 the „ K.k. Oesterreichische Flugtechnische Verein“ (Austrian Flight Technical Association) issued this badge for the promotion of domestic aviation. Excellent. 490-6034

World War I Austrian Navy Pilot's Badge. 1st model. 1 5/8" x 1.25", pin back, excellent condition. Issued 1917 - 1918. A very fine quality example of a rare badge. 490-6036

Civil War Identified Wooden Scabbard from the estate of Private Tim Henson of Co. C. 13th Texas Cavalry The 23" long scabbard was handmade to fit an 1860 Model Light Cavalry Sword that had been cut down (or Broken) and reshaped. The throat Band and drag of the scabbard are blacksmith forged. The band has a silver coin that was filed until all the features were eliminated and a five point star was etched on the coin.  1179-1154

19th Century Belt and Buckle is very primitive and has the following tag that reads "My great grandfather was the last Curator of the United Confederate Veterans Museum in Brownsville Texas until 1929 when it closed. This belt and buckle was in that museum and belonged to William J. McManus, a soldier from Texas who fought in the Civil War in the Second Texas Cavalry, Company G. He enlisted as a private and was appointed a Sergeant then a lieutenant. My grandfather told me of how he captured a flag from Private John Smith who was in the Thirty fourth Indiana Infantry at the Battle of Palmito Ranch Texas when Texas was attacked after the war by union soldiers It also belonged to Lieutenant McManus' father, Sergeant Patrick McManus who served in the Mexican War in the Twelfth Louisiana Volunteers, company D and later fought Comanche Indians while was in the Texas Militia. James Arderson April 10, 2001 1179-1177

Lot of two Trap Door Bayonets 21" overall with 18" with blades that retains some of the finish.

Span Am Grouping to include 1) Spanish American War Veterans Membership Badge numbered 13509 2) Spanish American War Veterans Membership Badge. 3) Brooch with the USS maryland 4) Celluloid Pin Souvenir Camp Black 1898 5) Stereo View Cards of the Great White Fleet. Excellent.

Presentation Danish 75mm Projectile in excellent condition.The shell is engraved 1 Praemie Motorordonnanskorpsets Orienteringsøvelse 24-25 November 1923 Haerens tekniske Korps. 1st Prize Motor Ordnance Corps Orientation Exercise 24-25 November 1923 Army Technical Corps. Excellent.

Brass or Bronze wall Plaque of Rutherford B Hayes measures 8 1/4 X 10 1/4 inches and is meant to be hung on the wall. Excellent. Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893) was an American military officer, lawyer, and politician who served as the 19th president of the United States from 1877 to 1881.  As an attorney in Ohio, Hayes served as Cincinnati's city solicitor from 1858 to 1861. He was a staunch abolitionist who defended refugee slaves in court proceedings. At the start of the American Civil War, he left a fledgling political career to join the Union Army as an officer. Hayes was wounded five times, most seriously at the Battle of South Mountain in 1862. He earned a reputation for bravery in combat, rising in the ranks to serve as brevet major general. After the war, he earned a reputation in the Republican Party as a prominent member of the "Half-Breed" faction. He served in Congress from 1865 to 1867 and was elected governor of Ohio, serving two consecutive terms from 1868 to 1872 and half of a third two-year term from 1876 to 1877 before his swearing-in as president. Hayes won the Republican nomination for president in the 1876 United States presidential election. In the disputed general election, he faced Democratic nominee Samuel J. Tilden. Hayes lost the popular vote to Tilden; neither candidate secured enough electoral votes to win the election. Hayes secured a victory when a Congressional Commission awarded him 20 contested electoral votes in the Compromise of 1877. The electoral dispute was resolved with a backroom deal whereby both Southern Democrats and Whiggish Republican businessmen acquiesced to Hayes's election on the condition that he end both federal support for Reconstruction and the military occupation of the former Confederate States. Hayes's administration was influenced by his belief in meritocratic government and equal treatment without regard to wealth, social standing, or race. One of the defining events of his presidency was the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, which he resolved by calling in the US Army against the railroad workers. It remains the deadliest conflict between workers and strikebreakers in American history. As president, Hayes implemented modest civil-service reforms that laid the groundwork for further reform in the 1880s and 1890s. He vetoed the Bland–Allison Act of 1878, which put silver money into circulation and raised nominal prices, but Congress overrode his veto. His policy toward western Indians anticipated the assimilationist program of the Dawes Act of 1887. At the end of his term, Hayes kept his pledge not to run for reelection and retired to his home in Ohio. Civil War: As the Southern states quickly began to secede after Lincoln's election to the presidency in 1860, Hayes was lukewarm about civil war to restore the Union. Considering that the two sides might be irreconcilable, he suggested that the Union "[l]et them go." Though Ohio had voted for Lincoln in 1860, Cincinnati voters turned against the Republican party after secession. Its residents included many from the Southern United States, and they voted for the Democrats and Know-Nothings, who combined to sweep the city elections in April 1861, ejecting Hayes from the city solicitor's office. Returning to private practice, Hayes formed a very brief law partnership with Leopold Markbreit, lasting three days before the war began. After the Confederates fired on Fort Sumter, Hayes resolved his doubts and joined a volunteer company composed of his Literary Society friends. That June, Governor William Dennison appointed several of the officers of the volunteer company to positions in the 23rd Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Hayes was promoted to major, and his friend and college classmate Stanley Matthews was appointed lieutenant colonel. Joining the regiment as a private was another future president, William McKinley.  After a month of training, Hayes and the 23rd Ohio set out for western Virginia in July 1861 as a part of the Kanawha Division. They did not meet the enemy until September, when the regiment encountered Confederates at Carnifex Ferry in present-day West Virginia and drove them back. In November, Hayes was promoted to lieutenant colonel (Matthews having been promoted to colonel of another regiment) and led his troops deeper into western Virginia, where they entered winter quarters. The division resumed its advance the following spring, and Hayes led several raids against the rebel forces, on one of which he sustained a minor injury to his knee. That September, Hayes's regiment was called east to reinforce General John Pope's Army of Virginia at the Second Battle of Bull Run. Hayes and his troops did not arrive in time for the battle, but joined the Army of the Potomac as it hurried north to cut off Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, which was advancing into Maryland. Marching north, the 23rd was the lead regiment encountering the Confederates at the Battle of South Mountain on September 14. Hayes led a charge against an entrenched position and was shot through his left arm, fracturing the bone. He had one of his men tie a handkerchief above the wound in an effort to stop the bleeding, and continued to lead his men in the battle. While resting, he ordered his men to meet a flanking attack, but instead his entire command moved backward, leaving Hayes lying in between the lines. Eventually, his men brought Hayes back behind their lines, and he was taken to hospital. The regiment continued on to Antietam, but Hayes was out of action for the rest of the campaign. In October, he was promoted to colonel and assigned to command of the first brigade of the Kanawha Division as a brevet brigadier general.

1934 The Scarlet Empress uniforms of Sam Jaffe who played opposite Marlene Detrich. These two screen-worn uniform jackets were used by Sam Jaffe himself. Along with the uniform is a period black and white 8X10 photo of Jaffe, wearing the very coat in the movie. Both jackets have Western Costumes of Hollywood California labels to the interior. Excellent. Shalom "Sam" Jaffe (March 10, 1891 – March 24, 1984) was an American actor, teacher, musician, and engineer. In 1951, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Asphalt Jungle (1950). He also appeared in The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951) and Ben-Hur (1959), and is additionally known for his roles as the titular character in Gunga Din (1939) and as the "High Lama" in Lost Horizon (1937). Career: As a young man, he lived in Greenwich Village in the same apartment building as a young John Huston. The two men became good friends and remained so for life. Jaffe was later to star in two of Huston's films: The Asphalt Jungle and The Barbarian and the Geisha. Jaffe's closest friends included Zero Mostel, Edward G. Robinson, Ray Bradbury, and Igor Stravinsky. In 1923 he appeared in the Broadway premiere of God of Vengeance (Got fun Nekome) by Sholem Asch, as Reb Ali. The production became notorious after the cast, producer, and theatre owner were indicted and found guilty on charges of indecency in May 1923. Jaffe began to work in film in 1934, rising to prominence with his first role as the mad Tsar Peter III in The Scarlet Empress. In 1938, Jaffe was forty-seven years old when he played the title role of bhisti (waterbearer) Gunga Din. Jaffe was blacklisted by the Hollywood movie studio bosses during the 1950s, supposedly for being a communist sympathizer. Despite this, he was hired first by Robert Wise for The Day the Earth Stood Still and then by director William Wyler for his role in the 1959 Academy Award-winning version of Ben-Hur. Jaffe co-starred in the ABC television series, Ben Casey as Dr. David Zorba from 1961 to 1965 alongside Vince Edwards. He also made many guest-starring roles on other series, including Batman as Mr. Zoltan Zorba, and the Western Alias Smith and Jones. In 1975, he co-starred as a retired doctor who is murdered by Janet Leigh in the Columbo episode "Forgotten Lady". He also appeared with an all-star cast in the TV pilot film of Rod Serling's Night Gallery and as Emperor Norton in one episode of Bonanza. Personal life and death: Jaffe was married to American operatic soprano and musical comedy star Lillian Taiz from 1926 until her death from cancer in 1941. In 1956, he married actress Bettye Ackerman, 33 years his junior, with whom he later co-starred in Ben Casey. She died on November 1, 2006. He had no children from either marriage. A Democrat, Jaffe supported the campaign of Adlai Stevenson II during the 1952 presidential election. Jaffe died of cancer in Beverly Hills, California, in 1984, two weeks after his 93rd birthday. He was cremated at the Pasadena Crematory in Altadena, California, and his ashes were given to his surviving wife, Bettye, and, upon her death in 2006, buried with her at Williston Cemetery in Williston, South Carolina.  Film Role Director: 1916 A Cheap Vacation 1934 The Scarlet Empress Grand Duke Peter Josef von Sternberg 1934 We Live Again Gregory Simonson Rouben Mamoulian 1937 Lost Horizon High Lama Frank Capra 1938 The Adventures of Robin Hood (uncredited) man who tells men to meet Robin at Gallows Oaks 1939 Gunga Din Gunga Din George Stevens 1943 Stage Door Canteen Sam Jaffe Frank Borzage 1946 13 Rue Madeleine Mayor Galimard Henry Hathaway 1947 Gentleman's Agreement Professor Fred Lieberman Elia Kazan 1949 The Accused Dr. Romley William Dieterle 1949 Rope of Sand Dr. Francis Hunter William Dieterle 1950 The Asphalt Jungle criminal mastermind Doc Erwin Riedenschneider John Huston 1951 I Can Get It for You Wholesale Sam Cooper Michael Gordon 1951 The Day the Earth Stood Still Professor Jacob Barnhardt Robert Wise 1953 Main Street to Broadway First Nighter (uncredited) Tay Garnett 1957 Les Espions head of the American spy network Sam Cooper Henri-Georges Clouzot 1958 The Barbarian and the Geisha translator-secretary Henry Heusken John Huston 1959 Ben-Hur merchant and loyal slave Simonides William Wyler 1967 A Guide for the Married Man Technical Adviser (Shrink) Gene Kelly 1967 Tarzan's Jungle Rebellion Dr. Singleton (archive footage) 1968 La Bataille de San Sebastian Father Joseph Henri Verneuil 1969 The Great Bank Robbery Brother Lilac Bailey (Art Forger) Hy Averback 1970 The Dunwich Horror Old Whateley Daniel Haller 1970 Quarantined Mr. Berryman Leo Penn 1970 The Old Man Who Cried Wolf Abe Stillman Walter Grauman 1971 Who Killed the Mysterious Mr. Foster? Toby 1971 Bedknobs and Broomsticks Bookman Robert Stevenson 1971 Enemies Gittelman 1971 The Tell-Tale Heart The Old Man 1973 Saga of Sonora Old Sam 1976 The Sad and Lonely Sundays Dr. Sweeny 1980 Gideon's Trumpet 1st Supreme Court Justice 1980 Battle Beyond the Stars Dr. Hephaestus Jimmy T. Murakami 1984 Nothing Lasts Forever Father Knickerbocker Tom Schiller 1984 On the Line

Period framed poster by Savile Lumley (died 1949) Daddy what do YOU do in the Great War ? original Parliamentary Recruiting Committee poster No 79 printed by Johnson Riddle & Co Ltd circa March 1915 - 76 x 51 cm. The title of this now famous poster was one of the most memorable amongst the World War 1 posters. The idea for this design came to the owner of the printing company Johnson Riddle he had wondered what the outcome of not volunteering might be after the war was over following the posters publication he volunteered. The poster, although popular, was later criticized on the grounds of distortion and exploitation. "Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?" was a British First World War recruitment poster by Savile Lumley, and first published in March 1915 by the Parliamentary Recruiting Committee. It was commissioned and submitted to the committee by Arthur Gunn, the director of the publishers Johnson Riddle and Company. The poster shows a daughter posing a question to her father: "Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?", depicting a future from the perspective of viewers in 1915. The message of the poster was inspired by Gunn's own feelings of guilt around not fighting in the war. Unlike other recruitment posters of the time which focused on more direct calls to action, the poster used indirect messaging to persuade men to enlist in the army at a time when conscription was not yet a policy in Great Britain. Although the poster is now considered an icon of British history during the First World War, it was not one of the most circulated recruitment posters and there was some contemporary backlash to its message.Background: Recruitment for the First World War was different from prior wars, which had been fought by the regular professional army. At the outbreak of war, Britain did not have a policy of conscription. The Parliamentary Recruitment Committee, chaired by the Prime Minister, Herbert Asquith, organized an extensive official recruitment campaign to encourage men to enlist in the army. The number of new recruits declined from November 1914 to September 1915 as the optimism initially felt during the early period of the war declined. The Parliamentary Recruitment Committee altered the approach taken by their posters, moving towards guilt and patriotism as motivators for men to enlist. There were 1.4 million new volunteers in 1915, up from 1 million in 1914, and approximately 30 percent of military-aged men had volunteered for military service. Publication history: Poster with five questions listed, one of which is "What will you answer when your children grow up, and say, 'Father, why weren't you a soldier, too?'" The Voluntary Recruiting Publicity Committee's January 1915 poster, "5 Questions to men who have not enlisted", was an initial inspiration for the message in "Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?" "Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?" was neither designed nor commissioned by the Parliamentary Recruitment Committee. In November 1914, a Voluntary Recruiting Publicity Committee was convened whose purpose was to unofficially design recruitment posters and submit the works to the Army Council. The committee had seven members and was headed by publisher and advertising executive Hedley Le Bas. Some of the committee's posters were accepted for wider circulation and they also featured in donated sections of newspapers. The publication of "Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?" was the result of iterations of posters with similar themes, designed by the committee. Thomas Russell, advertising consultant and one of the members of the committee, designed a poster which was released in January 1915 titled "5 Questions to men who have not enlisted". One of the questions, "What will you answer when your children grow up, and say, 'Father, why weren't you a soldier, too?'", impressed Le Bas, who approached a magazine to create a cartoon based on the slogan; the resulting strip featured the question "Daddy, why weren't you a soldier during the war?" accompanied with the subheading "In years to come you may be asked this question. Join the Army at once, and help to secure the glorious Empire of which your little son will be a citizen". A further iteration featured a boy scout asking the question: "Father, what did you do to help when Britain fought for freedom in 1915?" The idea for the poster "Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?" came from Arthur Gunn, the director of publishers Johnson Riddle and Company. He related to the message due to his own feelings of guilt, having not enlisted to fight. He commissioned artist John Savile Lumley to create a poster which framed the question within a domestic setting. Upon seeing a sketch of the poster, Gunn signed up to the Westminster Volunteer Cavalry. Gunn took the poster to the Parliamentary Recruitment Committee who approved it for official publication as PRC no. 79. Design: Description: "Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?" has a simple composition. A man sits on an armchair looking out at the viewer with a distant expression. A girl (his daughter) sits on his lap with a book, while a boy plays with toy soldiers on the floor near the chair. The title, in white cursive text, is at the bottom of the poster. The image is surrounded by a black border. The poster used a complicated printing process involving eight different color printings. Unlike many other First World War recruitment posters, which were typified by simple imagery and words, "Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?" has more detailed drawings with an elegant design. Propaganda: Psychology as a scientific discipline and the concept of advertising were both in their infancy at the start of the First World War. The war necessitated a use for psychological advertising—a method to control and influence the entire population, rather than targeting one specific audience for a commercial product. "Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?" was one of a number of posters which used psychology as a method to advertise the army to men. In contrast to other recruitment posters which were a direct call to action, "Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?" was less direct in its messaging. The poster does not promise that the potential recruit's life upon enlisting will improve nor does it sell them anything; guilt is the main emotion pushed by the image. Depicting a future from those viewing it in 1915, the poster assumes that men at the time would be thinking ahead to the future. It implies that if they did not enlist, they would face humiliation back home, including from their own children. The poster's image of domesticity suggests to the viewer that men had to fight to preserve familial life. Author Karyn Burnham writes that propaganda posters of the time "presented a carefully crafted image of manhood defining 'real' men as those who fought for their families, for King and Country." She cites this poster as an example of an image that prompted men to assess their self-worth. Reception: Although "Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?" is now one of the most famous First World War recruitment posters, it was not initially popular. There were 13 other posters published by the Parliamentary Recruitment Committee in 15 March and "Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?" was not selected to be published in newspapers or as a cigarette card. It was not among the most-produced posters by the Parliamentary Recruitment Committee. The poster became famous after the war was over and became an icon of the war. Nicholas Hiley writes that posters like "Leete's 'Kitchener Wants You' and Lumley's 'Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?' are famous because we want them to be famous, not because they give us access to the dominant emotions of the recruiting campaign". French historians Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau and Annette Becker have written that the campaign of propaganda during the war, including what they describe as the "guilt-inducing and brutal messages" such as "Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?" was not the only reason that men signed up to fight. There is evidence that recruiters realised that the guilt-inducing approach may actually have been counterproductive. "Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?" was not representative of how a lot of men and families perceived the war—many working class people were not trusting of the recruitment campaign in general and other contemporary viewers disliked the over-confident messaging. War opponents of the time scorned the poster and its shaming message. Robert Smillie, an Irish-born Scottish trade union leader, co-founder of the Scottish Labor Party, and a close friend of anti-war activist Keir Hardie, said that his reply to the question of the little girl in the poster would have been, "I tried to stop the bloody thing, my child." Savile Lumley eventually renounced the poster due to the scale of criticism directed towards it. Men fighting on the front found dark humor in the poster's message, with some hanging the poster up in the trenches where they served, often leaving graffitied answers to the daughter's question. The poster was satirised in a poem published in the Lancashire Fusiliers' magazine: What did you do in the Great War, Dad? Please Daddy, tell us, do: For they censor all your letters. So we know they can't be true. In the year before the Second World War, artist E. H. Shepard parodied the poster in a cartoon drawn in opposition to the policy of appeasement: "What are you going to do in the Great Peace, Daddy?

Early Green Horn Handled Short Sword. Attractive sword measuring 26 inches overall with a 21 inch side cutting edged blade. The crossguard is a very simple hand cut brass guard. 1179-1152

Early Child's Sword and Scabbard measuring 24 1/2 inches overall with a non sharpened and blunted 18 1/2 inch blade. Has a very dark patina with light rust throughout. 1179-1356

Wool multi piece construction Banner measuring 15 X 15 1/2 and probably was a skirt for a drum. It appears to me to be from the Spanish American War or at the latest WW1. Spanish–American War: On 4 May 1898, the 9th Massachusetts was called up again under the command of Colonel Lawrence J. Logan, and was quickly sent to Santiago, Cuba. Spanish forces had surrendered before the 9th could engage in any major combat roles, and the majority of the regiment's casualties were the result of disease, particularly yellow fever. At this point the regiment was still a unit of the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, but in 1907, in response to the Militia Act of 1903, it became a part of the Massachusetts National Guard. In this role it and other units served both the nation, as an Army reserve, and the state, in domestic crises like the Great Chelsea Fire of 1908. The regiment, and units within it, became a source of civic pride in Boston, celebrated for example in music like "101st Regiment U. S. A." (by Bert Potter) and "Battery A March.". World War I: The 9th Massachusetts had been protecting the Mexico–United States border near El Paso, Texas from 18 June-22 November 1916, and was prepared for other such mobilizations, which would prove to be vital in April 1917, when the United States joined the Allied Powers during the First World War. In order to prepare the regiment for service, it was redesignated the 101st Infantry Regiment, and was assigned to the 51st Infantry Brigade of the 26th Infantry Division, the "Yankee Division." The 102nd Infantry Regiment was also assigned to the 51st Brigade. The regiment mustered in its new form on 22 August 1917 in Framingham, Massachusetts and arrived in France in September. It was the first Army National Guard unit of the American Expeditionary Force to arrive in France, and was also the first National Guard unit to enter frontline combat. Alongside the French Army, the 101st made a raid into German lines on 23 February 1918, marking the first time an American unit had launched a raid in the war. Commanded by Edward Lawrence Logan, the 26th Division, including the 101st Regiment, engaged the Germans in numerous battles along the Western Front including; the 1918 German spring offensive, the Third Battle of the Aisne, the Second Battle of the Marne, the Battle of Saint-Mihiel, and the massive Meuse-Argonne Offensive. It was here in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive that Private First Class Michael J. Perkins from Boston, earned the Medal of Honor. While advancing with D Company, 101st Infantry, he single-handedly neutralized a fortified pillbox with grenades, and captured 25 prisoners and 7 machine guns with his trench knife. The bloodied regiment was mustered out of service in April 1919 at Camp Devens.

Mexican Border / WWI Marine Corps Dress Uniform to a First Sergeant to include trousers with the blood stripe. The uniform itself is in excellent condition but as you can see, the chevrons are tattered. The Mexican Border War, also known as the Border Campaign, was a series of military engagements between the United States military and Mexican factions during the Mexican Revolution. The Marine Corps participated in two of the war's most important battles: the landing at Veracruz and the Battle of Chapultepec. Veracruz On March 9, 1847, General Winfield Scott's army, which included about 400 Marines, landed at Veracruz, Mexico, in the largest amphibious operation in U.S. history at the time. Sailors and Marines helped guide and row surfboats to land nearly 3,000 troops, supplies, weapons, and horses on the enemy shore. After a 20-day siege, Veracruz fell to Scott's army, which then moved inland toward Mexico City. Chapultepec The Marines also fought in the Battle of Chapultepec, which took place in August 1847. The scarlet "blood" stripe on the dress blue trousers worn by Marines is said to commemorate those who died at Chapultepec.

A dark olive "rabbit skin" felt hat with a wide brim, reinforced along its edge with five parallel rows of stitching. Its high "Montana" or "Lemon-squeezer" crown has a khaki-painted alloy ventilation grommet to each of its cardinal points. Additional grommets are to each side under ribbon and can be seen from under the sweatband. Wrapped around the headband, are dual cords of red that represent Army Air Service. The cords terminate in the front with a slider and "acorns". A brown leather sweatband is to the interior. Chinstrap is complete. Roughly a size 7. Excellent example. Air Service of the AEF: Organization: Sent to Europe in March 1917 as an observer, Lieutenant Colonel Billy Mitchell arrived in Paris just four days after the United States declared war and established an office for the American "air service." Upon his arrival in France in June 1917, American Expeditionary Force commanding general John J. Pershing met with Mitchell, who advised Pershing that his office was ready to proceed with any project Pershing might require. Pershing's aviation officer, Major Townsend F. Dodd, first used the term "Air Service" in a memo to the chief of staff of the AEF on 20 June 1917. The term also appeared on July 5, 1917, in AEF General Order (G.O.) No. 8, in tables detailing staff organization and duties. Mitchell replaced Dodd on 30 June 1917, with the position renamed "Chief of Air Service" and its duties described. After Mitchell was superseded in September by Kenly, he remained as ex officio chief through his influence on Kenly as Air Commander, Zone of the Advance (ACA). The Air Service, American Expeditionary Forces was formally created on 3 September 1917 by the publication of AEF G.O. No. 31 and remained in being until demobilized in 1919. Kenly, an artillery officer, had been a student the previous winter in the Field Officers Course at the Aviation School in San Diego, then served as executive officer of the school to gain administrative experience in aviation matters. Mitchell, Bolling and Dodd were promoted to colonel and given senior positions in the Air Service hierarchy. Bolling was made Director of Air Service Supply (DASS) to administer the "Zone of the Line of Communications" (sic), later called the Service of Supply, and Dodd was named Director of Air Service Instruction (DAI). Kenley proved to be only an interim commander, as Brig. Gen. Benjamin Foulois replaced him on 27 November 1917, arriving in France with a large but untrained staff of non-aviators. This resulted in considerable resentment from Mitchell's smaller staff already in place, many of whom in key positions, including Bolling, Dodd and Lt. Col. Edgar S. Gorrell, were immediately displaced. Mitchell, however, was not replaced and became a source of persistent discord with Foulois. Pershing restated the responsibilities of the Air Service AEF with G.O. No. 81, May 29, 1918, in which he replaced Foulois as Chief of Air Service AEF with a West Point classmate and non-aviator, Major General Mason Patrick. Air Service staff planning had been inefficient, with considerable internal dissension as well as conflict between its members and those of Pershing's General Staff. Aircraft and unit totals lagged far behind those promised in 1917. Officers in the combat units balked at taking orders from Foulois' non-flying staff. Considerable house-cleaning of the existing staff resulted from Patrick's appointment, bringing in experienced staff officers to administrate, and tightening up lines of communication. Pershing had in September 1917 called for creation of 260 U.S. air combat squadrons by December 1918, but slowness of the buildup reduced that on August 17, 1918, to a final plan for 202 by June 1919. In Pershing's view, the two functions of the AEF's Air Service were to repel German aircraft and conduct observation of enemy movements. The heart of the proposed force would be its 101 observation squadrons (52 corps observation and 49 army observation), to be distributed to three armies and 16 corps. In addition, 60 pursuit squadrons, 27 night-bombardment squadrons, and 14 day-bombardment squadrons were to conduct supporting operations. Without the time or infrastructure in the United States to equip units to send overseas using aircraft designed and built in the U.S., the AEF Air Service acquired Allied aircraft designs already in service with the French and British air services. On August 30, 1917, the American and French governments agreed to a contract for the purchase of 1,500 Breguet 14 B.2 bombers-reconnaissance planes; 2,000 SPAD XIII and 1,500 Nieuport 28 pursuits for delivery by July 1, 1918. By the armistice, the AEF actually received 4,874 aircraft from the French, in addition to 258 from Great Britain, 19 from Italy, and 1,213 of American manufacture, for a total of 6,364 airplanes. 1,664 were classed as training craft. The United States recognized that French skilled labor was severely limited by war casualties, and promised to train and deploy 7,000 automobile mechanics to aid the French Motor Transport Corps. In December 1917 the Aviation Section developed a maintenance organization of four large units termed Motor Mechanics Regiments, Signal Corps, each regiment consisting of four battalions of five companies totaling more than 3,600 men. The key innovative element was the use of junior officers recruited from the automobile industry as "technical officers" to supervise maintenance. In February 1918, Colonel S.D. Waldon of the Signal Corps returned from observing British factory and field methods in aviation operations, just as the Bureau of Aircraft Production concluded that the French were unable to meet their aircraft production goals. Waldon recommended that the regiments be reorganized for aircraft instead of automobile mechanics. The change came too late to affect the 1st and 2nd Regiments, which landed in France in March 1918, but both the 3rd and 4th Regiments reorganized, delaying their deployment until the end of July. By the Armistice all four regiments were configured as aircraft repair and maintenance units, and designated Air Service Mechanics Regiments. The primary aircraft used by the AEF at the front (the "Zone of Advance") were the SPAD XIII (877), Nieuport 28 (181), and SPAD VII (103) as pursuit aircraft, the DeHaviland DH-4B (696) and Breguet 14 (87) for daylight bombing, and the DH-4 and Salmson 2 A.2 (557) for observation and photo reconnaissance. The SE-5 operated as the main trainer for the Air Service. Balloon companies operated the French-designed Goodyear Type R, a winch-tethered, hydrogen-filled, captive "Caquot" observation balloon of 32,200 cubic-foot (912 cubic meters) capacity, deploying one balloon per company. U.S. aircraft roundel in Europe, 1918–1919: The United States adopted a national insignia for all military aircraft in May 1917 using the colors specified for the U.S. flag, consisting of a white five-pointed star inside of a blue circumscribed circle, with a red circle in the center of the star having a diameter tangent to the pentagon of the interior points of the star. The insignia was ordered painted on both wingtips of the upper surface of the top wing, the lower surface of bottom wings, and the fuselage of all Army aircraft on 17 May 1917. However due to concerns about confusion with the markings of enemy aircraft, in early 1918 a red, blue, and white roundel similar to those used by the Allied Powers, in the former color arrangement of the defunct Imperial Russian Air Service, was instead ordered painted on all U.S. aircraft operating in Europe, remaining in effect until 1919. On May 6, 1918 Foulois established a policy authorizing creation of emblems for aviation units, and ordered all squadrons to create an official insignia to be painted on each side of an airplane fuselage: "The squadron will design their own insignia during the period of organizational training. The design must be submitted to the Chief of Air Service, AEF, for approval. The design should be simple enough to be recognizable from a distance.

Imperial German Baden 22nd "Prince Karl" Dragoon Regiment Reserve Officer Schirmmutze Cap. Cornflower blue wool construction with red piping and a black band. Baden Reserve Officer and National cockade cap badges. Leather sweatband. Excellent. 490-6010

lot of American Flags to include 1) 46 Star American Flag measuring 3 X 5 Feet with a printed Canton and sewn Stripes. Oklahoma, the 46th state, entered the Union on November 16, 1907. As such, this 46–star flag was the official flag of the United States from July 4, 1908, until July 4, 1912.2) Uncut Printed 46 Star American Flags. Oklahoma, the 46th state, entered the Union on November 16, 1907. As such, this 46–star flag was the official flag of the United States from July 4, 1908, until July 4, 1912.

This is an excellent example of WWII production. The finish on the wood is good, though there is the expected wear from age and storage. The metal components have a bit of rust on them due to age, and there is also a name written in paint on the right buttstock. The Parris-Dunn Corporation was founded by William G. Dunn and Cecil L Parris when they formed a business partnership in 1937. Each of these men brought unique contributions to this partnership. Although Dunn had no formal technical training he, like many great inventors, could see the interrelationships that existed between different mechanical devices and could modify or combine them to solve problems. Parris had a background as sales manager for the Kari-Kleen company of Souix City, Iowa and was a talented merchandiser. Initially Parris was the President of the corporation and Dunn the Vice-president but during the war years their positions reversed. William G. Dunn (1883-1968) ran a hardware business in Clarinda, Iowa in the early 1900's. In 1917 he formed the Dunn Counterbalance Company operating out of the back of his hardware store. He eventually built a factory on South 15th Street in Clarinda and the name was changed to the Dunn Manufacturing Co. He was a very talented inventor and eventually held patents for 75 different mechanical devices, many of which were related to the early automobile and aircraft industry. In 1934 he developed a wind driven generator that was designed for farm use. His primary invention was a device to control the speed of the propeller on this device. In 1936 he formed a partnership with Cecil Parris in order to better promote his generator business. In 1937 they sold 37,000 of these units. When WWII broke out in 1941 their wind generator business was declared nonessential and they were only allowed to make repair parts for the units already in use. There was a severe shortage of military firearms at the start of the war and they were approached by US Army Ordnance to produce a non-firing training rifle. Shortly after, the US Navy also expressed interest in this project but they wanted some slight modifications in their model.In July of 1942 the Army let contract 271 ORD for 35,000 training rifles of their pattern at a cost of $166,000. In August the Navy let contract NROS 10993 for 190,000 training rifles having their changes at a cost of $903,000. In October of 1942 the Army contract was completed and in November they finished the first Navy contract. In January of 1943 the Navy let contract NORD 808 for 110,000 additional training rifles and in June that contract was completed. The total cost of the 300,000 rifles produced for the Navy was $1,384,000. The cost per rifle for the first contract was $4.75 and for the second contract $4.37. By the time of the second contract, Parris-Dunn could no longer get walnut wood for the stocks as all of it was going to arsenals that were making functional military rifles. They had to start using a cheaper grade of wood during the last contract which lowered the unit price. Prior to the start of the military contracts Parris-Dunn recognized that they did not have sufficient personnel to produce the required number of training rifles in a short period of time. They put together another organization called Parris-Dunn Associates to undertake this important project. I have a document that contains the following: “C.L. Parris, W.G. Dunn and H.E. Davidson, Copartners, doing business as Parris-Dunn Associates”. At this time I have not been able to identify H.E. Davidson. They immediately expanded into all of the available building space in the area and hired more employees. This number grew to 250 during the peak of their production. They sub-contracted much of the work to 14 different businesses. The wooden stocks and sights were manufactured at their Clarinda plant and all of the assembly and finishing was also done there. They had that capacity to produce over 3000 training rifles a day. They became so efficient that the company voluntarily returned $228,000 to the Government as excess on allowable profit. On July 23, 1943 Parris-Dunn Associates received the coveted Army-Navy “E” Production Award. After the completion of their military contracts they continue to produce 200,000 of a civilian model for drill corps, schools and ROTC programs. The civilian model was essentially the same as the military models but had different markings. In November of 1945 The Nave classified their training rifles as surplus and offered them for sale at $7.75. This price included a plastic bayonet and scabbard. Nothing is known concerning the disposition of the Army training rifles. The Parris-Dunn Training Rifle is not a very accurate replica of the 1903 Springfield Rifle. It has a similar profile but is thinner in cross section and 3 pounds lighter in weight. The receiver, bolt and trigger mechanism are simple and crude by comparison to the Springfield. It has the general feel and appearance of a toy. It was reported that these training rifles were not very popular with soldiers and sailors that were required to use them during basic training. It must be noted that there were no other alternatives available at the time.

Very nice example of a World War I "Doughboy" style helmet with intact leather sweatband, wool crown, and leather chinstrap. Has the "Christmas tree" insignia painted on the front for the 91st Infantry Division. The 91st Infantry Division fought in the St. Mihiel Offensive and the Meuse-Argonne campaign at Ypres-Lys. The helmet is named to the interior Farnaw and WF. Excellent. History: Constituted on 5 August 1917 at Camp Lewis, Washington, near Tacoma, the division, commanded by Major General Henry Alexander Greene, soon thereafter departed for England in the summer of 1918. In September 1918, the division's first operation was in the St. Mihiel Offensive in France. Serving under the U.S. Army's V Corps, the division, now commanded by Major General William Johnston Jr., fought in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive and successfully helped to destroy the German First Guard Division and continued to smash through three successive enemy lines. Twelve days before the end of World War I, the division, as part of the VII Corps of the French Sixth Army, helped drive the Germans east across the Escaut River in the Battle of the Lys and the Escaut. The division was awarded separate campaign streamers for its active role in the Lorraine, Meuse-Argonne and Ypres-Lys campaigns. In 1919, the 91st was inactivated at the Presidio of San Francisco.

Very nice example of a World War I "Doughboy" style helmet with intact leather sweatband, wool crown, and leather chinstrap. Has the 6th sided star insignia painted on the front for the 6th Infantry Division. The 6th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the United States Army active in World War I, World War II, and the last years of the Cold War. Known as "Red Star", it was previously called the "Sight Seein' Sixth"  The division went overseas in June 1918, and saw 43 days of combat. Casualties totalled 386 (KIA: 38; WIA: 348). The 6th Division saw combat in the Geradmer sector, Vosges, France, 3 September – 18 October 1918, and during the Meuse-Argonne offensive 1–11 November 1918.[2] Separately the 11th Field Artillery Battalion became engaged earlier in the Meuse-Argonne offensive and fought from 19 October to the Armistice.

M89 pattern Officer's sword with a double fuller blade is about 86cm long. Maker marked "Henckels". Blade is in nice clean condition that is double engraved with floral motifs with the Bavarian Motto  In Treue Fest. Beautiful rayskin grip complete with all its original wire wrap. Original scabbard with a single hanger. Shows the expected age and use. Still retains the original bullion sword knot. Excellent.

This is a beautiful example of a German lion head "Kinder Sabel" sword made identically to scale of a full sized sword that dates from the late 19th to early 20th Century. The blade in total length measures 22 3/4 inches and remains in nice original condition with only a bit of light surface wear..  Overall measuring 28 inches in length. EXCELLENT.

Enlisted grade sword made by E. Pack & Sohne. 39 " overall length with a 33 1/2" blade and still retsins the original sword Knot. Excellent.

Two unopened boxes of 20 Pistol Ball Cartridges Cal .45 for the M1911. Both boxes are manufactured by The Remington Arms Union Metallic Cartridge Company of Bridgeport Conn. Excellent. Service history: Following its success in trials, the Colt pistol was formally adopted by the Army on March 29, 1911, when it was designated "Model of 1911", later changed in 1917 to "Model 1911", and then "M1911" in the mid-1920s. The Director of Civilian Marksmanship began manufacture of M1911 pistols for members of the National Rifle Association of America in August 1912. Approximately 100 pistols stamped "N.R.A." below the serial number were manufactured at Springfield Armory and by Colt. The M1911 was formally adopted by the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps in 1913. The .45 ACP "Model of 1911 U.S. Army" was used by both U.S. Army Cavalry troops and infantry soldiers during the United States' Punitive Expedition into Mexico against Pancho Villa in 1916. World War I: By the beginning of 1917, a total of 68,533 M1911 pistols had been delivered to U.S. armed forces by Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company and the U.S. government's Springfield Armory. However, the need to greatly expand U.S. military forces and the resultant surge in demand for the firearm in World War I saw the expansion of manufacture to other contractors besides Colt and Springfield Armory, including Remington-UMC and North American Arms Co. of Quebec. Several other manufacturers were awarded contracts to produce the M1911, including the National Cash Register Company, the Savage Arms Company, the Caron Brothers Manufacturing of Montreal, the Burroughs Adding Machine Co., Winchester Repeating Arms Company, and the Lanston Monotype Company, but the signing of the Armistice resulted in the cancellation of the contracts before any pistols had been produced.

WWII US Army Collar Dicks and Cap Badge lot to include 1) Tank Corps Disk with nut 2) US Disk with nut 3) USR disk US Reserves with nut 4) US disk with nut 5) Ordnance with nut 6) US with nut 7) Engineer Castle with nut 8) US with nut 9) USR disk US Reserves with nut 10) Engineer Castle with nut 11) Engineer Castle with nut 12) Infantry C Company Crossed Rifles C with nut 13) Ordnance Flaming Bomb disk with nut 14) Artillery Headquarters disk with nut 15) US without nit 16) USNA US National Army disk with nut 17) US disk with nut 18) USNA US National Army disk with nut 19) US disk with nut 20) USNA US National Army disk with nut 21) Enlisted Visor Cap Eagle Badge with nut 22) Enlisted Visor Cap Eagle Badge with nut

A beautiful multi piece constructed wool flag measuring 35 X 68 inches with minor holes. Excellent. The Australian red ensign is the civil ensign of Australia, the flag of nationality flown by Australian registered ships. It is a red version of the national flag, which is mainly blue. Both flags resulted from the Commonwealth Government's 1901 Federal Flag Design Competition which required two entries: an ensign for Commonwealth Government use and another for the merchant navy. The winning design for the merchant ensign was based on the traditional British red ensign and featured the Southern Cross and Commonwealth Star. History: The Commonwealth Government ran the Federal Flag Design Competition in 1901 to find two designs for Australian flags: one for official Commonwealth Government use and another for the merchant navy.[3] After being submitted to King Edward VII for approval the competition-winning design which featured a southern cross with nine, eight, seven, six and five points respectively, and with Alpha Crucis being larger than Beta and Gamma as well as with Delta being smaller than Beta and Gamma,[4] was standardised by the British Admiralty with the number of points on the four biggest stars of the southern cross set to seven and the four main Stars of the southern cross being equal in size—ostensibly to improve ease of manufacture. The original variety of points and sizes was an indication of the relative brightness of each star as it appeared in the night sky.[5] In 1908, the current Commonwealth star of seven points replaced the earlier six-pointed star and has a smaller Inner Diameter.

4 Gauge; very excellent bore, excellent grips, 5 3/4'' barrel, WWI WEBLEY FLARE PISTOL DATED 1916 IN EXCELLENT CONDITION. THE BRASS BARREL AND FRAME SHOW LIGHT WEAR. THE FRAME IS MARKED WEBLEY & SCOTT LONDON & BIRMINGHAM. Attached is a military marked whisle

WWI U.S. Air Service Recruiting Poster "Over There Skilled Workers on the Ground in the Air Service". Approximately 30" x 33 ½". Artist: Louis Fancher. An evocative image of a doughboy, wrench in hand, standing in front of a hangar of military biplanes. The poster seeks recruits for skilled trades including motorcyclists, chauffeurs, wood workers, auto mechanics and more. The poster is stamped "Army Recruiting Station 1705 Lawrence Street Denver, Colorado". Of particular interest is the fact that the "T" in "There" has been painted out leaving only "here", presumably done to recognize the continuing need for men stateside in the fledgling Air Service. The poster has a few smoothed fold creases and wrinkles but is in otherwise very good condition.

1920's US Naval Aviator Wings measuring 2 3/4 inches with fine feathering to the wings that have a pierced Anchor with no berries to the wings. Reverse has a period hook catch and pin that fully functions.and is maker marked H&H Oroid. Excellent.

U.S. World War 1 1917 L.F.& C. trench knife in very good condition. This knife measures 14" overall. The blade itself measures 9". This knife has 6 point knuckle guard. 'U.S. L.F.&C. 1917' is stamped on the guard. Comes with a Partial Civil War Leather Scabbard that actually fits it like a glove. Very Good.

U.S. World War 1 1917 L.F.& C. trench knife in excellent condition. This knife measures 14" overall. The blade itself measures 9". This knife has 6 point knuckle guard. 'U.S. L.F.&C. 1917' is stamped on the guard.

WW1 British Embroidered Money Belt featuring Cross Flags with Crowns and the Union Jack measuring roughly 32 inches long and is needlepoint over leather. Excellent.

WW1 Killed In Action Certificate that reads: UNITED STATES ARMY IN MEMORY OF Private Frederick J. Woodburn Medical Dept. C.A. #9 who died February 21st 1919 he bravely laid down his life for the cause of his country. His name will forever remain fresh in the hearts of his friends and comrades. The record of his honorable service will be preserved in the archives of the American Expeditionary Forces. and is signed by John J Pershing Commander in Chief. The document is period framed with a town medal from Methuen Massachusetts.

WWI British Named Medal Grouping to include 1) British War Medal Named on the rim to 202393 Edward McCrudden A.B.R.N. 2) 1914-15 Star named to the reverse 202393 Edward McCrudden A.B.R.N.3) Victory Medal named to the rim 202393 Edward McCrudden A.B.R.N. 4) Dog Tag Named to Edward McCrudden 5) Admiral Lord Nelson 1905 Centenary Memento HMS Victory copper ship pin badge. An original piece of English artefact circa 1905 struck to Commemorative the Centenary of the 'Battle of Trafalgar and subsequently the death of Admiral Lord Nelson in 1805, sold on behalf of the 'B. F.S.S.' in the form of the ship 'HMS Victory' in full sail. The reverse inscribed: 'CENTENARY MEMENTO OF THE DEATH OF NELSON 1805 OCT 21st 1905 CONTAINING COPPER FROM H.M.S.VICTORY THE GIFT OF THE LORDS OF THE ADMIRALTY TO BRITISH & FOREIGN SAILORS SOCIETY ERVII' Very good condition, complete with original pin fittings. 6) Medal to Commemorate The Conclusion of The Great War 1914-1919 7) 4 Place Ribbon Bar 8) The Game of the Crown and Anchor. Edward McCrudden was born March 6, 1882 in Belfast and entered the Royal navy in 1898. Served Under Queen Victoria until 1912. When WW1 broke out he was called back serving on board a Minesweeper in the North Seas for 8 months then in the Mediterranean as a gunner in the Navy for 4 1/2 years. The Destroyer was called H.M.S. Magnificent. After WW1 he worked as a ship rigger in Harland Wolff Shipyards in Belfast and died on 12/20/1964. During a precautionary mobilisation of the fleet immediately prior to the outbreak of First World War, Magnificent and her sister ships Hannibal, Mars, and Victorious on 27 July 1914 formed the 9th Battle Squadron, subordinate to the Admiral of Patrols and stationed at the Humber. Magnificent served as guard ship at the Humber. The war began while she was stationed there. On 7 August 1914, the 9th Battle Squadron was dissolved, and Magnificent and Hannibal transferred to Scapa Flow to reinforce the defences of the anchorage of the Grand Fleet there, becoming a guard ship at Scapa Flow. The Majestic-class ships were by then the oldest and least effective battleships in service in the Royal Navy. The first-class protected cruiser Crescent relieved Magnificent of guard ship duty on 16 February 1915, at which point Magnificent was paid off. Later in February 1915, Magnificent arrived at Belfast to be disarmed. In March and April 1915, all of her 12-inch guns and all except for four of her 6-inch guns were removed. Her 12-inch guns were taken to arm the new Lord Clive-class monitors General Craufurd and Prince Eugene. After she was disarmed, Magnificent was laid up at Loch Goil in April 1915. On 9 September 1915, Magnificent was recommissioned to serve along with her similarly disarmed sister ships Hannibal and Mars as a troopship for the Dardanelles campaign. The three former battleships departed the United Kingdom on this duty on 22 September 1915, arriving at Mudros on 7 October 1915. On 18 December 1915 and 19 December 1915, Magnificent took part in the evacuation of Allied troops from Suvla Bay. She departed the Dardanelles in February 1916 after the conclusion of the campaign and returned to England, where she was paid off at Devonport on 3 March 1916. Magnificent remained at Devonport until August 1917, serving as an overflow ship. In August 1917, she began a refit at Harland & Wolff in Belfast for conversion to an ammunition ship. When her refit was completed in October 1918, she was transferred to Rosyth for service as an ammunition store ship. Magnificent was placed on the disposal list on 4 February 1920, but continued to serve as an ammunition store ship at Rosyth until April 1921. She was sold for scrapping on 9 May 1921. Scrapping began at Thos. W. Ward Inverkeithing the following year.

Fully embroidered United States Marine Corps League flag for the Zeigler Detachment of Lock Haven Pennsylvania. The banner is double sided and measures 48 X 66 inches and in excellent condition. This flag certainly dates to the 1940's The Marine Corps League perpetuates the traditions and spirit of all Marines, Navy FMF corpsmen and Navy FMF chaplains who wear or have worn the Eagle, Globe and Anchor of the Marine Corps. The League is the only federally chartered Marine Corps-related veterans organization in the country. Since its earliest days, the League has enjoyed the support and encouragement of the active duty and reserve establishments of the Marine Corps. The League boasts a membership of more than 60,000 men and women, officer and enlisted, active duty, reserve Marines, honorably discharged Marine veterans, qualified Navy FMF corpsmen and qualified Navy FMF chaplains. It is one of the few veterans organizations that experiences annual membership increases. History: The Marine Corps League perpetuates the traditions and spirit of all Marines, Navy FMF corpsmen and Navy FMF chaplains who wear or have worn the Eagle, Globe and Anchor of the Marine Corps. The League is the only federally chartered Marine Corps-related veterans organization in the country. Since its earliest days, the League has enjoyed the support and encouragement of the active duty and reserve establishments of the Marine Corps. The League boasts a membership of more than 60,000 men and women, officer and enlisted, active duty, reserve Marines, honorably discharged Marine veterans, qualified Navy FMF corpsmen and qualified Navy FMF chaplains. It is one of the few veterans organizations that experiences annual membership increases. Marine Corps Veterans Conference of 1922 (November 10, 1922): In 1922, retired Major Sidney W. Brewster had a vision in which appeared thousands of Marines marching in a parade. Until February 1923, his vision was an obsession until others with whom Brewster talked became impressed. From 1919-23, veteran organizations sprang up in all parts of the country. Clubs, associations and groups for Marine veterans were formed in keeping with the prevalent feeling of esprit de corps and good fellowship. They had served and fought together and now they met to recount the days of 1917-19 spent in Parris Island, Quantico, France and Germany. A gathering convened on November 10, 1922 at the Hotel McAlpin in New York City to discuss establishing relationships with other Marine Corps veteran organizations. Among attendees were retired First Lt. Paul Howard, retired First Lt. James Duffy, Second Lt. Frank D'Ipoli, Albert Lages, Milton Solomon, Roy Hagan, Frank Lambert, Miss Ray Sawyer, Mrs. Mae Garner, Webster de S. Smith, Merle McAlister and Rev. J. H. Clifford. After lengthy discussion, Brewster's vision materialized and he was elected temporary chairman. Sawyer was elected temporary secretary and Raymond Wills was elected temporary treasurer.  A committee was appointed to plan a national organization and the name "Marine Corps Veterans Association" was adopted. The titles of officers were then changed to Commandant, Adjutant, Paymaster, etc. Brewster was elected as commandant by acclamation, holding that position until the election of Major General John A. Lejeune at the second annual convention. Sawyer worked almost day and night during those early days to obtain a place for the new organization. The Marine Corps Veterans Association began to organize posts across the country. The first New York post unanimously elected Colonel George C. Reid as post commandant on December 11, 1922. Detachments began to organize in Philadelphia, Baltimore, Buffalo, Niagara Falls, Cleveland, Chicago, Indianapolis, Houston and Pittsburgh. The New York post and the McLemore detachment are the only remaining units of the Marine Corps Veterans Association that predate the Marine Corps League. The following list of units is arranged in order of first publication appearance in the Leatherneck Magazine (no organization or charter dates mentioned): The Marine Corps League was organized at the All-Marine caucus held at the Hotel Pennsylvania in New York City from June 3–6, 1923. It was the offspring of the Marine Corps Veterans Association headed by Brewster, who presided at the caucus. Marine Corps veterans from many states attended. LeJeune, Commandant of the Marine Corps at the time, was unable to be present, but was kept informed of the proceedings by telephone. Brigadier General James G. Harbord, U.S. Army, who commanded the Second Division, American Expeditionary Force (A.E.F.), which included the Fifth Marine Regiment and Sixth Marine Regiment, addressed the closing session and was made an honorary member. At the end of the caucus, the Marine Corps Veterans Association would change its name after a bitter battle on the floor to the "Marine Corps League." Lejeune was unanimously elected to the position of national commandant and Brewster became the first past national commandant. An amendment to the constitution was also passed at this convention: "All Past National Commandants shall be members of the Staff for life, with vote, and shall also be life delegates to the National Assembly with vote." The New York detachment would be the first chartered at the "All Marine Caucus" under the national organization's new name as New York Detachment No. 1, thus making it the League's oldest continuous detachment. Colonel George C. Reid continued as the detachment commandant. After the conclusion of the caucus, other detachments began to organize. Buffalo, New York was the second and Newark, New Jersey the third. Other detachments quickly followed in the east and midwest. By 1928, detachments reached to the west coast. The second national convention was held in Washington, DC, the third in Philadelphia, the fourth in Cleveland and the fifth in Erie, Pennsylvania. LeJeune remained as national commandant until 1929, when Maj. Gen. Wendell C. Neville succeeded him as Marine Corps Commandant. LeJeune then appointed Neville as the National Commandant of the Marine Corps League for the duration of his term until the next national convention in St. Louis, MO in 1930. At the St. Louis convention, W. Karl Lations of Worcester, Massachusetts was elected the first civilian commandant of the League.  The League prospered and expanded under the leadership of Lations, who was national commandant until 1931, when the ninth national convention in Buffalo, New York elected Carlton A. Fisher of the Niagara-Frontier detachment to succeed Lations. The Great Depression handicapped the League and other veteran and fraternal groups. In 1932, a movement was started in Washington under the guise of economy to abolish the Marine Corps. This was frustrated when New York Detachment No. 1 began a newspaper campaign of protest, followed by contact with every senator and congressman in the United States Congress by letter and personal visits, which ended the movement. John F. Manning of Methuen, Massachusetts succeeded Fisher as national commandant at the convention in Denver, Colorado in 1934. Manning was succeeded by Maurice A. Illch of Albany, New York at the national convention in Boston, Massachusetts in 1936. During his administration, the "Corrigan Will" contest was settled, which enriched the national treasury by $10,000. On August 4, 1937, the League was chartered by Congress. Florence E. O'Leary of Cincinnati, Ohio succeeded Illch as national commandant at the national convention in Washington, DC in 1938. He was succeeded by Chris J. Cunningham of Albany, New York at the national convention in Detroit in 1940. During Cunningham's tenure, League membership more than doubled, the number of detachments increased to more than 160 and the first monthly national bulletin was launched. Cunningham was succeeded by Judge Alexander F. Ormsby of Jersey City, New Jersey at the national convention in Chicago. Cunningham was succeeded by Thomas E. Wood at the national convention held in the New Yorker Hotel in September 1943

Lot of WWII Japanese National Flags to include 1)  WWII IMPERIAL JAPANESE PRINTED NATIONAL FLAG. This particular silk flag example is 29 x 35, with small leather triangular reinforcements sewn to its hoist edge corners, from each of which extend short, woven tie-strings. Red "Himaru" is printed to the center of the flag’s white field. Excellent. 2)  WWII IMPERIAL JAPANESE PRINTED NATIONAL FLAG. This particular silk flag example is 29 x 37, with small leather triangular reinforcements sewn to its hoist edge corners, from each of which extend short, woven tie-strings. Red "Himaru" is printed to the center of the flag’s white field. Excellent. 3)  WWII IMPERIAL JAPANESE PRINTED NATIONAL FLAG. This particular silk flag example is 28 x 39, with small paper triangular reinforcements sewn to its hoist edge corners, from each of which extend short, woven tie-strings. Red "Himaru" is printed to the center of the flag’s white field. Excellent.

WW1 USMC Marine Corps Shoulder Sleeve Insignia of the 1st Battalion 5th Marine Regiment SSI that is felt on Silk Screened white star in excellent condition. History World War I The unit was activated on June 8, 1917, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, as the 5th Regiment of Marines. They immediately deployed to France, arriving on June 26, and were assigned to the 1st Infantry Division of the United States Army. Later that year, in October, they were reassigned to 4th Brigade of Marines under the 2nd Infantry Division. In spring 1918, the regiment was involved in the fierce battle of Belleau Wood and was given the nickname Devil Dog. The Fifth subsequently participated in the offensive campaigns at Aisne, Battle of Saint-Mihiel and in the Meuse-Argonne offensive. They also participated in the defensive campaigns at Toulon-Troyon, Château-Thierry, Marbache and Limey. From 1918 until 1919 the regiment participated in the occupation of the German Rhineland. In August 1919 it relocated back to Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia. It was inactivated on August 13, 1919. The regiment's actions in France earned them the right to wear the Fourragère (seen in the outline of the unit's logo), one of only two in the Marine Corps (the other being the 6th Marine Regiment). The award was a result of being the only regiments in the American Expeditionary Force to receive three Croix de guerre citations: two in the order of the army and one in the order of the corps—Fourragère and Croix de guerre with two Palms and Gilt Star. The Fourragère became part of the uniform of the unit, and all members of the organization are authorized to wear the decoration on the left shoulder of the uniform while members of the organization. Three Marines of the regiment were awarded the Medal of Honor for their actions during the war. Sergeant Louis Cukela, Gunnery Sergeant Ernest A. Janson, and Sergeant Matej Kocak each received two Medals of Honor (one from the Navy and one from the Army) for a single action, making them three of only nineteen double recipients of the medal. In addition, two U.S. Navy officers attached the 5th Marines received the Medal of Honor: Lieutenant Commander Alexander Gordon Lyle of the Navy Dental Corps and Lieutenant Orlando H. Petty of the Medical Corps. 1235-516

The M7 was a blast mine that was used by the United States during World War II. Officially known as an anti-vehicle mine due to the fact that it was not able to penetrate a tank's armor, the M7 was placed by first moving the fuze into position, then removing the safety pin. It was then armed and activated by the means of a pressure plate. When the mine was activated, the pressure plate pushed a plunger down in order to smash a small glass vial of acid that then reacted with another chemical in order to activate the detonator.  Thisa mine is dated 1954 and in excellent condition and is completely inert with original fuze assembly.

Early WWII short Navy Cross coffin box used by the US Navy and the Marine Corps. The box is in near mint condition and is very hard to find. Excellent. Criteria The Navy Cross may be awarded to any member of the U.S. Armed Forces while serving with the Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard (when a part of the Department of the Navy) who distinguishes themselves in action by extraordinary heroism not justifying an award of the Medal of Honor. The action must take place under one of three circumstances: In combat action while engaged against an enemy of the United States; or, In combat action while engaged in military operations involving conflict with an opposing foreign force; or, In combat action while serving with friendly foreign forces, who are engaged in armed conflict in which the United States is not a belligerent party. The act(s) to be commended must be performed in the presence of great danger, or at great personal risk, and must be performed in such a manner as to render the individual's action(s) highly conspicuous among others of equal grade, rate, experience, or position of responsibility. An accumulation of minor acts of heroism does not justify an award of the Navy Cross. As originally authorized, the Navy Cross could be awarded for distinguished non-combat acts, but legislation of 7 August 1942 limited the award to acts of combat heroism. Past Navy Cross awards for merit, such as to 9th Chief of Naval Operations Fleet Admiral Ernest King, were unaffected by the change in criteria.

Lot of four Lodge Swords to include 1) Knights of Pythias Sword with named blade. Overall size is 39 inches and the blade is named to C. Edward Block. Blade shows graying and overall wear. Sword is manufactured by Pettibone  2) Knights Templar Lodge Sword with a dedicated blade and is named to George H. MacGann and was manufactured by the McLilly Co. of Columbus Ohio. Sword overall is excellent. 3) Knights Templar Lodge Sword with a dedicated blade and is named to Fred Beon Mills and was manufactured by the McLilly Co. of Columbus Ohio. Sword overall is excellent. 4) Shortened Knights Templar Sword with no scabbard

Olive green painted, wood construction Trench Periscope with an adjustable leg prop and metal belt hook. The battlefield is viewed by the use of two opposing glass mirrors, one top, one bottom. A fairly crude design but it got the job done. Very good condition A very hard to find genuine Great War example.

WW1 US Army Leather Officer's Belt Rig  with Leather Sword Hanger A fully adjustable Sam Browne Belt and attached to it is a 1909 dated Leather Holster from the Rock Island Arsenal. The dark brown leather holster for the M1903 Revolver is still serviceable. Excellent.

Lot of Early American Military items to include 1) UCV United Confederate Veterans Celluloid Badge for the meeting held in Birmingham Alabama of June 9-10-11 of 1908 2) GAR Grand Army of the Republic Albumen of an unidentified soldier from Company D od the 47th New York Infantry 3) 2 Postcards of "Curley" which was General Custer's Scout.

US Model 1905 bayonet with khaki cloth covered sheath. Maker marked Springfield Armory 1908, with a bright blued blade in excellent condition.

Lot of US Military Edged Weapons to include 1) EARLY M4 COMBAT BAYONET BY UTICA. Overall condition is well used showing signs of heavy sharpening. Leather grip is solid but also shows wear.  2) EARLY M4 COMBAT BAYONET BY CAMILLUS. Bayonet is very solid with an excellent blade, leather handle and scabbard. Excellent.

21 3/4" overall with a 16 3/4" blade. Dated 1907 on ricasso. Includes leather sheath with iron mountings. Good wood grips marked AUSTRALIA , general wear. Excellent. Design The Pattern 1907 bayonet consisted of a one-piece steel blade and tang, with a crossguard and pommel made from wrought iron or mild steel, and a wooden grip usually of walnut secured to the tang by two screws. The entire bayonet was 21 3/4 inches (550 mm) long and weighed 16 1/2 ounces (470 g), although the weight of production models varied from 16 to 18 ounces (450 to 510 g). Originally the bayonet featured a hooked lower quillion, intended to be used to trap and snap enemy bayonets when grappling, this was later deemed impractical and replaced with a simpler design from 1913, often unit armorers subsequently removed the hooked quillion when the bayonet went for repair, although there is no evidence that this was officially directed. The Pattern 1907 bayonet's blade was 17 inches (430 mm) long, it had a shallow fuller that was machined into both sides of the blade to save weight and add strength, the fuller was 12 inches (300 mm) long that extended to within 3 inches (76 mm) of the tip. The Pattern 1907 bayonet was supplied with a simple leather scabbard flitted with a steel top-mount and chape, it was usually carried from the belt by a simple frog. The Pattern 1907 bayonet attached to the SMLE by a boss located below the barrel on the nose of the rifle and a mortise groove on the pommel of the bayonet. The combined length of the SMLE and Pattern 1907 bayonet was 5 feet 2 inches (1.57 m). Markings Official marks were stamped onto the Pattern 1907 bayonet's ricasso. On British manufactured bayonets the right side included an 'X' bend-test mark, a broad arrow government acceptance mark, and one or more Royal Small Arms Factory appointed inspector's marks, on the left side was the date of the bayonet's official inspection and the maker's name and the reigning monarch's crown and royal cipher, 'ER' (Edward Rex) and after 1910 'GR' (George Rex). Indian bayonets were marked similarly to British bayonets except the royal cipher read 'GRI' (George Rex Imperator) and the manufacturer's mark was 'R.F.I.' (Rifle Factory Ishapore). Australian bayonets differed in the manufacturer's marks, with 'Lithgow' (Lithgow Small Arms Factory), 'MA' (Mangrovite Arsenal) and 'OA' (Orange Arsenal). The wooden grips of World War II era Australian bayonets were often marked 'SLAZ' for Slazenger, who made the grips during that war. History When the British military adopted the Short Magazine Lee-Enfield rifle and its barrel was shortened to 25.2 inches (640 mm), 5 inches (130 mm) shorter than the preceding Magazine Lee-Enfield. British military strategists were fearful that the British infantryman would be at a disadvantage when engaged in a bayonet duel with enemy soldiers who retained a longer reach, bayonet fighting drills formed a significant part of a contemporary British infantryman's training, soldiers were drilled in various stances and parrying techniques against an enemy also armed with rifle and bayonet. The combined length of the SMLE and the in-service Pattern 1903 bayonet and its 12-inch (300 mm) blade was 4 feet 9 inches (1.45 m), shorter than the contemporary French Lebel Model 1886 and bayonet at 6 feet (1.8 m) and the German Mauser 1898 at 5 feet 10 inches (1.77 m) and bayonet. In 1906–7 the British Army conducted trials to find a new longer standard issue bayonet, experiments were conducted with a number of foreign bayonet designs, including a modified version of the American Model 1905 bayonet and the Japanese Type 30 bayonet. The trials resulted in the British Army adopting its own version of the Type 30 bayonet, the new design was designated Sword bayonet, pattern 1907 (Mark I) and was officially introduced on 30 January 1908. Approximately 5,000,000 Pattern 1907 bayonets were made in Britain during World War I, the makers were Wilkinson Sword, Sanderson Brothers & Newbould Ltd, James A. Chapman, Robert Mole & Sons and Vickers Ltd, additionally Remington UMC produced approximately 100,000 during the war. The Pattern 1907 bayonet was manufactured in India from 1911 to 1940 at the Rifle Factory Ishapore and in Australia from 1913 to 1927 then again between 1940 and 1945 at the Lithgow Small Arms Factory, Mangrovite Arsenal and Orange Arsenal. The Pattern 1907 bayonet was adopted by most of the British Commonwealth along with the SMLE, it saw broad front line service until 1945, seeing service in both World War I and World War II, it remained in Australian and Indian service for some time after 1945. In 1926 the 1907 bayonet was reclassified as the 'Bayonet, No.1, Mk.1'

Rare panga-style machete. Curved blade, 4 pin wood handle. The handle is tight. with no cracks. Trademark of an alligator and REGISTERED . Overall size is roughly 21 inches.

The knife features plain wooden grips, with 3 screw in sections, being the peackock style pommel design with the original diamond knuckle guard, being stamped with the broad arrow and 'I'. The blade features a sharpened edge, measuring 15 cm long and is maker marked 'WE' for Whittingslowe Engineering, South Australia. The knife fits smoothly into the leather scabbard, which shows some light use & wear. The scabbard retains the twin slits for belt attachment & fastener straps.

Lot of two boxed Illuminated Son In Service Flags that are made of vellum with a wood frame. There is slight warping over time but are still serviceable today. The obverse shows One and Two Stars respectively while the other sides show a V ..._ to each. Both are housed in the original cardboard boxes. Very Good. The service flag, also known as the Blue Star flag, is a symbol of patriotic pride and love for family members serving in the military. The flag's design was created in 1917 by Captain Robert L. Queisser of the 5th Ohio Infantry to honor his two sons serving in World War I. The flag quickly became popular and was eventually adopted by the government.

WW1 German Machine Gunners Entrenching Tool Trench Shovel for Machine gunners specifically, with a shorter handle than normal for sitting down with shovel by MG. Total length is 17 1/4 inches

Lot of Japanese items to include 1) Small boxed jar titled Miracle Medicine 2) Small Opium Blue Bottle 3) Wooden Flask measuring 5 1/2 inches tall including the stopper. 4) Roughly 20 Japanese Postcards mostly of Military Motifs 5) Two posters dealing with medicines measuring 7 3/4 X 19 1/2 inches and are in excellent condition with vibrant colors.

Lot of WW1 Austrian Edged Weapon lot to include 1) WW1 Austrian M1915 Pioneers Sidearm, with two piece wooden grips secured by three rivets, “S” shaped steel guard. Stamped to the throat of the scabbard “F.K. 12. 485.”. Thick single edged blade which measures 39cms, overall 54 cms. Blade is beautiful and comes with an original brown leather frog. 2) Austrian 1917 Model Trench Knife. A very good untouched example of the Österreichisch-ungarisches Kampfmesser Modell 1917. Hardwood grips in good condition over a full width tang. Makers marking to the ricasso, and a stamped acceptance marking to the steel cross guard. Blade length is just over 8 inches. Traces of green camouflage paint remain on the steel scabbard and still retain the leather frog. Both are excellent.

Lot of WW1 Bayonets to include 1) WW1 M1907 BRITISH BAYONET. WW1 British M1907 Bayonet with Scabbard in excellent condition. 2) WWI IMPERIAL GERMAN BUTCHER SAW TOOTH BAYONET WW1. Bayonet marked " WEYERSBERG KIRSCHBAUM & CIE SOLINGEN. Bayonet is 20.375" overall with a 14.625" blade. Wood grips show typical wear and tear. Blade shows minimal wear. Stud release works just fine but Steel Scabbard shows significant pitting. .

Commercial flight jacket with post war patches that have been antiqued to appear they are old. Inside the pocket are several bomb assessment photos and a fake gold nugget that is marked XIX and a leather chinstrap from a flight helmet  and a Vietnamese Dog Tag is attached to the lapel

Two antique books titled Memorial Addresses Claude Kitchin & Robert M. La Follette  and Investigation Of Honorable Harry M. Daugherty Hearing U.S. Senate Volume 2 1924. Both are in sound condition.

Early American Patriotic sash to be worn over  the shoulder made of red and white and blue velvet with bullion stars and tress. Good.

Theater made fighting knife using a Patton Sword blade marked 1923 S A to the obverse and US 3091 to the reverse. Blade measuring 8 inches. Leather scabbard  has a tag that is attached that reads "property of Sgt. ?????? 4th Marine Div. 6077 knife"

Theater made fighting knife using a Marine Kabar or a MKI Handle with a Bowie clipped point blade measuring 9 1/2 inches and is marked R MILL. No Scabbard

USAF Sierra MBU-5/P Quick Don Oxygen Mask 1975. Excellent condition. Size regular narrow. The rubber face piece is dated 1975. Mask is complete and could easily be worn and used today

Original Viet Cong Flag that measures 47” x 31”. Displays from both sides with a cut out center star with minor fading with a small tear. Excellent  The Viet Cong, also known as the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam or FNL (from French Front National de Libération), was a mass political organization in South Vietnam and Cambodia with its own army – the Liberation Army of South Vietnam (LASV) – that fought against the United States and South Vietnamese governments during the Vietnam War, eventually emerging on the winning side. It had both guerrilla and regular army units, as well as a network of cadres who organized peasants in the territory it controlled. Many soldiers were recruited in South Vietnam, but others were attached to the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), the regular North Vietnamese army. During the war, communists and anti-war activists insisted the Viet Cong was an insurgency indigenous to the South, while the U.S. and South Vietnamese governments portrayed the group as a tool of Hanoi. Although the terminology distinguishes northerners from the southerners, communist forces were under a single command structure set up in 1958. North Vietnam established the National Liberation Front on December 20, 1960, to foment insurgency in the South. Many of the Viet Cong's core members were volunteer "regroupees", southern Viet Minh who had resettled in the North after the Geneva Accord (1954). Hanoi gave the regroupees military training and sent them back to the South along the Ho Chi Minh trail in the early 1960s. The NLF called for southern Vietnamese to "overthrow the camouflaged colonial regime of the American imperialists" and to make "efforts toward the peaceful unification". The LASV's best-known action was the Tet Offensive, a gigantic assault on more than 100 South Vietnamese urban centers in 1968, including an attack on the U.S. embassy in Saigon. The offensive riveted the attention of the world's media for weeks, but also overextended the Viet Cong. Later communist offensives were conducted predominantly by the North Vietnamese. The organization was dissolved in 1976 when North and South Vietnam were officially unified under a communist government. Excellent

WWI M1914 Swiss Sawtooth Bayonet for the Schmidt-Rubin Carbine by Elsener Schwyz. The Blade Length is 19", the Handle Length is approximately 5", and the Overall Length is 24". The Model 1914 differs from earlier saw-tooth models with the addition of the bulge at the end of the blade. Also, the 1914 is fullered on only one side, the other side is flat. very good - excellent.

Lot of 4 aviation and dust goggles from WW1 and WWII in various states of condition. all are American including a pair of Resistol Goggles. Very good to excellent.

Original and excellent condition. Enameled pin from the 1936 Winter Olympics. No chips. Bright colors. Maker stamped on the back "Annnetsberger Munchen" Beautiful piece. 490-6028

A very good example of the Oliver pattern wood bottle, complete with pewter stopper and small wood plug. Complete with original buff leather harness, with issue stamps. Leather harness is supple. Excellent.

A grouping of 5 Imperial German Shooting Awards that are absolutely beautiful with one being cased. All are Excellent.

WW1 Imperial German Helmet with the Skull shield of the Finnish 4th Division, Kev Os. 4 (Light Unit Number 4) whose primary role was armed reconnaissance to protect the main infantry body. Kev Os.4 (4th Kevyt Osasto) rapidly acquired the nickname Belaya Smjert, or "White Death," from their Soviet opponents in the 1939–1940 Winter War between Finland and the USSR following a series of deadly hit and run attacks by the unit's highly mobile ski troops. The members of Kev Os. 4 enthusiastically adopted the nickname, with many painting a skull and bones on their helmet fronts to further terrify their enemies. Despite inflicting terrible losses on the invading Soviets, the Finns had lost the Winter War by March, 1940. The Finns would later join the Axis forces in their June, 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union, hoping to recover territory lost in the previous treaty with Moscow. The skull painted helmets went with them, as the Germans continued to supply the Finns with helmets throughout most of the Second World War. An important relic of Finnish courage and determination.History of Finnish Combat Helmets: Finland imported tens of thousands of helmets for the Winter War of 1939-40 and the Continuation War of 1941-44, and imported again in 1955. Since IMA acquired the last of all the known helmet stock from the Finnish government you may wonder did we get German WWII marked helmets? Yes, and they will be offered at a far higher price. Did we get other types of helmets? Yes, we also received Hungarian WWII M38 (1938) helmets as well. This deal is a treasure trove of WWII era combat helmet history. History the German & Finnish Alliance: In 1938 Finland became very concerned with Stalin's Soviet expansionism and turned to Great Britain and France for support. Both Countries were under supplied themselves so Finland, perhaps reluctantly turned to NSDAP Germany for aid. AH was swift to assist supplying great quantities of materiel including thousands of German Battle Helmets. The Russians invaded Finland in 1939 driving deep into the country. The Finns resisted with amazing tenacity that has been the subject of legend and the wonderful WW2 Movie "THE WINTER WAR" (offered by IMA). The Russians paid a very heavy price and sued for peace in early 1940 keeping the invaded areas of Finland. Finland, totally exhausted, agreed with great regret. In the summer of 1941 AH’s NSDAP War Machine invaded the Soviet Union driving everything before them. Finland whom had received so much help from Germany then rose up and drove the Soviet presence out of Finland. However Finland would not "invade" the Soviet Union, they declared themselves not to be aggressors. It is true however that the Germans recruited great numbers of Finnish "Volunteers" for their "SS UNITS" that did invade Mother Russia but that was true of all the overrun European Countries and even some others, still independent including apparently England and the United States, although these number were said to be very low. At the close of WW2 with Germany defeated Finland was highly penalized by the Soviet Union, again gave up the lost territory of 1939/40 but did manage to retain its independence unlike so much of Eastern Europe.

Dienstglas 6x30 binoculars numbered 337438 and coded ddx next to a triangle. Binoculars retain 90% paint. very good - Excellent. The German army used a wide variety of optical enhancement items with the 6 x 30 power, (6 power magnification with a 30mm diameter objective lens), binoculars being the standard issue optics utilized by all branches of service. Although the 6 x 30 power binoculars were the standard issue, specialized personnel such as Artillery observers, Reconnaissance personnel, Searchlight personnel, etc., required stronger optics and assorted larger power binoculars were issued to these specialized personnel on a limited basis. When issued the binoculars came with a variety of assorted accessories.

The machine embroidered bullion construction Edelweiss features fourteen, silver/gray petals, yellow stamen and three, silver/gray leaves and stem mounted on a cut-out, black wool base. Excellent.

Lot of three WWII Japanese Civilian helmets, two are complete with liners and chinstraps while the third has only the chinstrap. All shells are excellent.

Antique Japanese samurai Chest armor Edo Period c.18th century. Size 19 inches high, 12 inches wide. A Chest Armor guard in excellent condition. Comes with the original helmet that is complete with liner system. Excellent.

Beautifully framed Certificate for the Order of the Rising Sun measuring 24 1.2 X 18 inches and is in mint condition with a full translation to the reverse that reads: "The Emperor of the Great Empire of Japan who possesses heavenly guidance and who is a descendant of the long unbroken line of succession, hereby confers upon Tani Takeo, Junior 5th rank, the 6th order of Merit of the Meiji Order and awards the medal of the Single Ray Rising Sun. Namely, he is entitled to the honorable treatment and privileges accorded this rank. On this 29th day of April, the 15th year of showa, the 2 thousand, & 6 hundredth year after Emperor Jimmu's coronation , the Imperial seal is ordered to be affixed to this certificate at the Imperial Palace, April 29, Shov 15 (1940) Yasumaro Shimojo, Juntor 3rd rank and holder of the 1st Order of Merit Director General Bureau of Merit & Award Registered as Number 2698622 and recorded on the Roster of Merits Yachiho Mirata, holder of the 6th rank and the 5th order of Merit Secretary Bureau of Merit & Award" Excellent. The Order of the Rising Sun is a Japanese order, established in 1875 by Emperor Meiji. The Order was the first national decoration awarded by the Japanese government, created on 10 April 1875 by decree of the Council of State. The badge features rays of sunlight from the rising sun. The design of the Rising Sun symbolizes energy as powerful as the rising sun in parallel with the "rising sun" concept of Japan ("Land of the Rising Sun"). The Order of the Rising Sun is awarded to people who have rendered distinguished service to the state in various fields except military service. Since there is no order for military achievements under the current Japanese system, Japan Self-Defense Forces personnel are awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure for their long engagement in public service. Prior to the end of World War II, it was also awarded for exemplary military service. In 2003, the 7th and 8th Class, which were at the bottom of the Order of the Rising Sun, were abolished, and the upper half of the 1st Class was separated as the Order of the Paulownia Flowers, which was higher than the Order of the Rising Sun. Until 2003, the Order of the Rising Sun was on the same rank as the Order of the Precious Crown, with the Order of the Rising Sun being for men only and the Order of the Precious Crown for women only. The Order of the Sacred Treasure was treated as an order of slightly lower rank than the Order of the Rising Sun and the Order of the Precious Crown. For example, the 1st class of the Order of the Sacred Treasure was placed between the 1st class and the 2nd class of the Order of the Rising Sun and the Order of the Precious Crown, and the 2nd class of the Order of the Sacred Treasure was placed between the 2nd class and the 3rd class of the Order of the Rising Sun and the Order of the Precious Crown. Since 2003, the Order of the Rising Sun has been awarded not only to men but also to women, and the Order of the Precious Crown has become a special order given only to female members of the imperial family in Japan and female members of royal families in foreign countries, only when it is specifically necessary for diplomatic ceremonies. The Order of the Rising Sun and the Order of the Sacred Treasure became the same rank of orders, and one of them came to be awarded because of the difference in the nature of the contribution to the state. The Order of the Rising Sun is awarded with an emphasis on achievements to the state, and the Order of the Sacred Treasure is awarded with an emphasis on long-term public service. While it is the third highest order bestowed by the Japanese government, it is however generally the highest ordinarily conferred order. The highest Japanese order, the Order of the Chrysanthemum, is reserved for heads of state or royalty, while the second highest order, the Order of the Paulownia Flowers, is mostly reserved for politicians. The modern version of this honour has been conferred on non-Japanese recipients beginning in 1981 (although several foreigners were given the honor before World War II). The awarding of the Order is administered by the Decoration Bureau of the Cabinet Office headed by the Japanese Prime Minister. It is awarded in the name of the Emperor and can be awarded posthumously.

A Large Japanese patriotic banner in excellent condition measuring 88 X 55 that is very colorful and made of cotton. Excellent

A Large Japanese patriotic banner in excellent condition measuring 88 X 56 that is very colorful and made of cotton. Excellent

A Large Japanese patriotic banner in excellent condition measuring 88 X 56 that is very colorful and made of cotton. Excellent

A Large Japanese patriotic banner in excellent condition measuring 88 X 56 that is very colorful and made of cotton. Excellent

A Large Japanese patriotic banner in excellent condition measuring 88 X 56 that is very colorful and made of cotton. Excellent

Large lot of several hundred loose black and white postcards from WWII and slightly post. Excellent many with inscriptions.

A brass bugle with a orange cotton cord with braided and twisted ends. The bugle measures approximately 30cm in height with a 11cm diameter bell. Very Good

Large lot of several hundred loose black and white postcards from WWII and slightly post. Excellent many with inscriptions.

Large WWII Japanese National Flag with Kanji. Flag is made of silk and measures 28 X 43 inches with the original corners. Excellent

Large WWII Japanese National Flag with Kanji. Flag is made of silk and measures 28 X 33 inches with the original corners. Excellent

Large WWII Japanese National Flag with Kanji. Flag is made of cotton and measures 26 X 31 inches with the original corners. Excellent

Large WWII Japanese National Flag with Kanji. Flag is made of silk and measures 28 X 34 inches with the original corners. Excellent

Large WWII Japanese National Flag with Kanji. Flag is made of silk and measures 29 X 42 inches with the original corners. Very Good.

Large WWII Japanese National Flag with Kanji. Flag is made of silk and measures 25 X 36 inches with the original ties. Very Good.

Large WWII Japanese National Flag with Kanji. Flag is made of silk and measures 27 X 37 inches with the original corners. Very Good.

Large WWII Japanese National Flag with Kanji. Flag is made of silk and measures 19 X 67 inches with the original corners. Very Good.

Large lot of several hundred loose black and white postcards from WWII and slightly post. Excellent many with inscriptions.

Large silk Japanese Order of the Golden Kite Patriotic banner or flag measuring 25" by 160" Excellent

Large silk Japanese Order of the Golden Kite Patriotic banner or flag measuring 25" by 160" Excellent

Lot of three WWII Japanese Civilian helmets, two are complete with liners and chinstraps while the third has only the chinstrap. All shells are excellent.

Large silk Japanese Patriotic banner or flag measuring 22" by 53" with original box. Excellent

Large silk Japanese Patriotic banner or flag measuring 22" by 53" with original box. Excellent

Large silk Japanese Order of the Golden Kite Patriotic banner or flag measuring 26" by 120" Excellent.

Large silk Japanese Patriotic banner or flag measuring 17" by 51" Excellent.

Large silk Japanese Patriotic banner or flag measuring 17" by 51" Excellent.

Large silk Japanese Patriotic banner or flag measuring 17" by 51" Excellent.

Large silk Japanese Patriotic banner or flag measuring 17" by 51" Excellent.

Large silk Japanese Patriotic banner or flag measuring 17" by 51" Excellent.

Lot of WWII Japanese medals to include 1) ORDER OF THE RISING SUN, 4TH CLASS. The Order of the Rising Sun ("Kyokujitsusho"), established in 1875 as Japan’s first national decoration, could be awarded to either military or civilian personnel for meritorious service. There were eight classes to this order, of which only the lowest two were given to enlisted personnel. Foreigners, on occasion, could also be bestowed the award. This medal, the forth of the eight classes, is in the form of a "sun," in gold plated silver, upon which are enameled thirty-two white "rays," eight long with three short separating each, all emanating from a, red garnet center. The reverse is identical to the obverse. The uppermost ray is hinged to a three-lobed spray of jade green enameled Paulownia leaves, outlined and with its veins articulated in gold to the obverse, outlined and with a row of four golden kanji characters to the reverse, which translate to "Order of Merit Decoration." The leaves are surmounted by three sets of purple enameled and golden outlined Paulownia flowers on green stalks, seven to the center and five to each side, obverse and reverse. Through a perforated ball atop the uppermost, central flower passes the ribbon’s suspension ring. Fed unto the ring is a watered silk ribbon, in white with crimson edges, with an elongated, vertical alloy hook to its top, which folds down and mates with an alloy eye sewn near the base of its reverse. 2) TAISHO ENTHRONEMENT MEDAL 1915. The Taisho Enthronement Commemorative Medal was instituted on August 13, 1915 and awarded to those who participated in the celebration ceremonies. Silver with a gilt chrysanthemum, measuring 30.5 mm in diameter. Original ribbon with hook. 3) ORDER OF THE RISING SUN, 8TH CLASS. The Order of the Rising Sun ("Kyokujitsusho"), established in 1875 as Japan’s first national decoration, could be awarded to either military or civilian personnel for meritorious service. There were eight classes to this order, of which only the lowest two were given to enlisted personnel. Foreigners, on occasion, could also be bestowed the award. This medal, the eighth of the eight classes, is in the form of a three-lobed spray of silver Paulownia leaves, with its veins articulated to the obverse, and with a row of four golden kanji characters to the reverse, which translate to "Order of Merit Decoration." The leaves are surmounted by three sets of silver Paulownia flowers on stalks, five to the center and three to each side. Through a perforated ball atop the uppermost, the central flower passes the ribbon’s suspension ring. Fed unto the ring is a wide watered silk ribbon, in white with crimson edges, with an elongated, vertical alloy hook to its top, which folds down and mates with an alloy eye sewn near the base of its reverse. 4)  1914-1920 WAR MEDAL. The 30mm diameter blackened bronze medal features, to its obverse, two crossed Rising Sun flags (for the Army and Navy) beneath a sixteen-petaled Imperial Chrysanthemum, with Paulownia flowers and leaves arching along the base. To its reverse are embossed three columns of kanji characters, which translate to "Taisho era 3rd-9th Years War" (1914-1920). This is in reference to the Japanese involvement in the First World War, and beyond it to include actions in Siberia (Japanese troops, following the Bolshevik revolution, occupied Vladivostok until 1922). A swiveling hanger is connected to its top, which is itself then connected to a swiveling horizontal bar, through which the ribbon is looped. To the face of the bar is embossed a row of four kanji characters, translating to "War Medal." 5) 1894-1895 SINO-JAPANESE WAR MEDAL. The 30mm diameter, darkened bronze medal (struck from captured Chinese cannons) features, to its obverse, two crossed Rising Sun flags (for the Army and Navy) beneath a sixteen-petaled Imperial Chrysanthemum. Kanji characters are embossed to its reverse, those to the center reading "War Medal," while those arching over that read (from right to left) "Meiji era 27th-28th Years" (1894-1895). This medal, established in October of 1895, commemorates the conflict between Japan and China, during the aforementioned dates, for the control of Korea. A swiveling hanger is connected to its top, which is itself then connected to a swiveling horizontal bar, through which the ribbon is looped. The 38mm wide, watered silk ribbon has three equal vertical stripes to it, in blue-green, white, and blue-green. An elongated, vertical alloy hook is to its top, which folds down and mates with an alloy eye sewn near the base of its reverse. The ribbon exhibits moderate to heavy age soiling, although the medal itself is only lightly aged soiled. 6) MEN’S RED CROSS ‘SPECIAL MEMBERSHIP’ MEDAL. A 3cm diameter alloy medal, with a clasp to its top through which is fed a ring for its ribbon. To the obverse face of the medal is what appears to be a peacock above a Baltic cross, with olive or laurel branches arching up either side, and three-lobed flowering Paulownias to the base of each branch. To the reverse are two lines of kanji characters. Its red moire ribbon features two vertical silver stripes to either edge, a rosette and a brass hook-and-eye device to its reverse.

Lot of WWII Japanese medals to include 1) 1894-1895 SINO-JAPANESE WAR MEDAL. The 30mm diameter, darkened bronze medal (struck from captured Chinese cannons) features, to its obverse, two crossed Rising Sun flags (for the Army and Navy) beneath a sixteen-petaled Imperial Chrysanthemum. Kanji characters are embossed to its reverse, those to the center reading "War Medal," while those arching over that read (from right to left) "Meiji era 27th-28th Years" (1894-1895). This medal, established in October of 1895, commemorates the conflict between Japan and China, during the aforementioned dates, for the control of Korea. A swiveling hanger is connected to its top, which is itself then connected to a swiveling horizontal bar, through which the ribbon is looped. The 38mm wide, watered silk ribbon has three equal vertical stripes to it, in blue-green, white, and blue-green. An elongated, vertical alloy hook is to its top, which folds down and mates with an alloy eye sewn near the base of its reverse. The ribbon exhibits moderate to heavy age soiling, although the medal itself is only lightly aged soiled. 2) MEN’S RED CROSS ‘SPECIAL MEMBERSHIP’ MEDAL. A 3cm diameter alloy medal, with a clasp to its top through which is fed a ring for its ribbon. To the obverse face of the medal is what appears to be a peacock above a Baltic cross, with olive or laurel branches arching up either side, and three-lobed flowering Paulownias to the base of each branch. To the reverse are two lines of kanji characters. Its red moire ribbon features two vertical silver stripes to either edge, a brass hook-and-eye device to its reverse. 3)  1937-1945 CHINA INCIDENT WAR MEDAL. Established in 1939 and awarded to Japanese soldiers departing for service in the undeclared war against China (hence, "incident"), in its original case. The bronze medal features, to its obverse, the mythical giant crow "yata-no-karasu," flanked by two Rising Sun flags (for the Army and Navy), whose upwardly-stretched wings encompass a sixteen-petal Imperial Chrysanthemum, with radiating lines as the backdrop. To its reverse are three stylized mountains above, and stylized water beneath, a cloud bank, against which is a row of four kanji characters, translating to "China Incident." The swiveling hanger connected to the top of the medal features abstract foliage as its pattern, and is itself connected to a swiveling, horizontal bar, through which the ribbon passes. To the face of the bar is embossed a row of four kanji characters, translating to "War Medal." The watered silk ribbon has a narrow, vertical red stripe to its center, flanked by wider pink stripes, then even wider stripes in yellow, then narrow light blue, and, to its outside edges, narrow navy blue stripes. These represent, respectively, loyalty, the blood-stained soil of China, the Army, the Air Force, and the Navy. An elongated, vertical alloy hook is to its top, which folds down and mates with an alloy eye sewn near the base of its reverse. This medal was awarded until the summer of 1945, and was abolished in 1946. 4) RUSSO-JAPANESE 1904/05 WAR MEDAL. An approximately 6cm x 10.5cm softwood case containing an alloy medal and ribbon.The award is in the form of a 3cm diameter medal, in gold-colored alloy, featuring, to one face, two crossed Rising Sun flags above Paulownia flowers and leaves and beneath a sixteen-lobed "sun." To the other face is a tablet with vertically arranged kanji characters to it, a sprig of laurel leaves to one side and a sprig of palm leaves to the other. The medal’s swiveling hanger is connected to a horizontal bar, which features four horizontally arranged kanji characters, through which the ribbon is looped. The moire ribbon’s vertical bands are narrow white-wide light blue-wide navy blue-wide light blue-narrow white. An alloy hook-and-eye device is the reverse. 5) MEN’S RED CROSS ‘SPECIAL MEMBERSHIP’ MEDAL. A 3cm diameter alloy medal, with a clasp to its top through which is fed a ring for its ribbon. To the obverse face of the medal is what appears to be a peacock above a Baltic cross, with olive or laurel branches arching up either side, and three-lobed flowering Paulownias to the base of each branch. To the reverse are two lines of kanji characters. Its red moire ribbon features two vertical silver stripes to either edge. Ribbon is in poor condition. 6) JAPANESE ARMY SOLDIER NEXT OF KIN BADGE. An approximately 25mm diameter, cast alloy badge, depicting a cherry blossom with kanji script to its reverse which translates to, "Soldier Next-of-Kin Badge". 7) 1914-1920 WAR MEDAL DROP. The 1 3/16" diameter blackened bronze medal features, to its obverse, two crossed Rising Sun flags (for the Army and Navy) beneath a sixteen-petaled Imperial Chrysanthemum, with Paulownia flowers and leaves arching along the base. To its reverse are embossed three columns of kanji characters, which translate to "Taisho era 3rd-9th Years War" (1914-1920). This is in reference to the Japanese involvement in the First World War, and beyond it to include actions in Siberia (Japanese troops, following the Bolshevik revolution, occupied Vladivostok until 1922).

Lot of WWII Japanese medals to include 1) CASED ORDER OF THE RISING SUN, 8TH CLASS. The Order of the Rising Sun ("Kyokujitsusho"), established in 1875 as Japan’s first national decoration, could be awarded to either military or civilian personnel for meritorious service. There were eight classes to this order, of which only the lowest two were given to enlisted personnel. Foreigners, on occasion, could also be bestowed the award. This medal, the eighth of the eight classes, is in the form of a three-lobed spray of silver Paulownia leaves, with its veins articulated to the obverse, and with a row of four golden kanji characters to the reverse, which translate to "Order of Merit Decoration." The leaves are surmounted by three sets of silver Paulownia flowers on stalks, five to the center and three to each side. Through a perforated ball atop the uppermost, central flower passes the ribbon’s suspension ring. Fed unto the ring is a wide watered silk ribbon, in white with crimson edges, with an elongated, vertical alloy hook to its top, which folds down and mates with an alloy eye sewn near the base of its reverse. Black lacquered wooden case has a column of gold painted kanji characters to its cover, the second down being that for the number "8." A wide alloy hinge is along its rear edge. Shows the expected period use and wear but overall nice condition. 2) CASED 1937-1945 CHINA INCIDENT WAR MEDAL. Established in 1939 and awarded to Japanese soldiers departing for service in the undeclared war against China (hence, "incident"), in its original case. The bronze medal features, to its obverse, the mythical giant crow "yata-no-karasu," flanked by two Rising Sun flags (for the Army and Navy), whose upwardly-stretched wings encompass a sixteen-petal Imperial Chrysanthemum, with radiating lines as the backdrop. To its reverse are three stylized mountains above, and stylized water beneath, a cloud bank, against which is a row of four kanji characters, translating to "China Incident." The swiveling hanger connected to the top of the medal features abstract foliage as its pattern, and is itself connected to a swiveling, horizontal bar, through which the ribbon passes. To the face of the bar is embossed a row of four kanji characters, translating to "War Medal." The watered silk ribbon has a narrow, vertical red stripe to its center, flanked by wider pink stripes, then even wider stripes in yellow, then narrow light blue, and, to its outside edges, narrow navy blue stripes. These represent, respectively, loyalty, the blood-stained soil of China, the Army, the Air Force, and the Navy. An elongated, vertical alloy hook is to its top, which folds down and mates with an alloy eye sewn near the base of its reverse. This medal was awarded until the summer of 1945, and was abolished in 1946. The medal and ribbon are nested into corresponding depressions to the navy blue flocked interior base of its original presentation case, whose concave interior lid is lined in brown leatherette. The exterior of the wooden case is covered in leatherette, which also forms a hinge connecting the cover along its upper side to its base. Stamped, in silver, to the cover is the name of the award in a column of eight kanji characters. 3)  (IJA) CASED ORDER OF THE SACRED TREASURE, 8TH CLASS. The die-struck silver medal takes the form of an eight-pointed star whose points terminate in small circles, with even smaller circles marking the intersections of the edge lines, forming a stylized necklace. To the center is a raised, silver "mirror" against a pebbled background. These are the "sacred treasures" from which the award takes its name: the "Yata" mirror, representing purity and wisdom, and the "Yasakani" jewels, which represent benevolence, obedience and affection. Its otherwise featureless reverse has four kanji characters impressed to it, translating to "Order of Merit Decoration." A perforated ball is to the top of the medal’s uppermost point, through which passes the ribbon’s suspension ring. Fed unto the ring is a 4cm wide, watered ribbon, in light blue, which has a vertical orange stripe on either edge. The ribbon is folded in a triangular fashion, and it has an elongated, vertical alloy hook is to its top, which folds down and mates with an alloy eye sewn near the base of its reverse. Comes complete with its original presentation case and rosette. 4) CASED 2600th NATIONAL ANNIVERSARY OF IMPERIAL RULE COMMEMORATIVE MEDAL. The 3cm diameter medal, in bronze-washed alloy, features, to its obverse, a sixteen-petaled Imperial Chrysanthemum above an image of the sacred double bridges leading, along the right bank of the river receding in the background, to the entrance of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo. To its reverse is a column of stylized kanji characters, which roughly translate as "2600th Anniversary Commemorative Medal," with an additional row of kanji characters to its base, translating as "Showa era 15th Year" (1940). The top of the medal has an extension with a perforation through it, through which passes the ribbon’s suspension ring. The watered silk ribbon, which is light blue-grey, has eight, equidistantly-spaced, thin, vertical red stripes to it, presumably symbolizing the "eight parts of one universe." An elongated, vertical alloy hook is to its top, which folds down and mates with an alloy eye sewn near the base of its reverse. Comes complete with its original presentation case. The wooden case is covered in navy blue leatherette, which also forms a hinge connecting the cover along its upper side to its base. Stamped, in silver, to the cover is the name of the award in a column of eight kanji characters, repeating that seen to the reverse of the medal. 5) (IJA) CASED ORDER OF THE SACRED TREASURE, 8TH CLASS. The die-struck silver medal takes the form of an eight-pointed star whose points terminate in small circles, with even smaller circles marking the intersections of the edge lines, forming a stylized necklace. To the center is a raised, silver "mirror" against a pebbled background. These are the "sacred treasures" from which the award takes its name: the "Yata" mirror, representing purity and wisdom, and the "Yasakani" jewels, which represent benevolence, obedience and affection. Its otherwise featureless reverse has four kanji characters impressed to it, translating to "Order of Merit Decoration." A perforated ball is to the top of the medal’s uppermost point, through which passes the ribbon’s suspension ring. Fed unto the ring is a 4cm wide, watered ribbon, in light blue, which has a vertical orange stripe on either edge. The ribbon is folded in a triangular fashion, and it has an elongated, vertical alloy hook is to its top, which folds down and mates with an alloy eye sewn near the base of its reverse. Comes complete with its original presentation case 6)  FIRST NATIONAL CENSUS COMMEMORATIVE MEDAL. The 30mm diameter bronze medal features, to its obverse, the image of a "Taika" era official within the outlined border of a sixteen-petal Imperial Chrysanthemum. To its reverse are embossed four rows of kanji characters, the two to the center translating to "National Census" and "Commemorative Medal," while the row arching over them translates to "Taisho era 9th Year" (1920), and the row arching beneath to "10th Month 1st Day." This was awarded to all those who participated directly or assisted in the first national census. A clasp is to the top of the medal, with a perforated ball to its top, through which passes the ribbon’s suspension ring. Fed unto the ring is a watered silk ribbon, in white with wide purple vertical stripes near either of its edges. An elongated, vertical alloy hook is to its top, which folds down and mates with an alloy eye sewn near the base of its reverse.

Lot of WWII Japanese medals to include 1) CASED ORDER OF THE RISING SUN, 8TH CLASS. The Order of the Rising Sun ("Kyokujitsusho"), established in 1875 as Japan’s first national decoration, could be awarded to either military or civilian personnel for meritorious service. There were eight classes to this order, of which only the lowest two were given to enlisted personnel. Foreigners, on occasion, could also be bestowed the award. This medal, the eighth of the eight classes, is in the form of a three-lobed spray of silver Paulownia leaves, with its veins articulated to the obverse, and with a row of four golden kanji characters to the reverse, which translate to "Order of Merit Decoration." The leaves are surmounted by three sets of silver Paulownia flowers on stalks, five to the center and three to each side. Through a perforated ball atop the uppermost, central flower passes the ribbon’s suspension ring. Fed unto the ring is a wide watered silk ribbon, in white with crimson edges, with an elongated, vertical alloy hook to its top, which folds down and mates with an alloy eye sewn near the base of its reverse. Black lacquered wooden case has a column of gold painted kanji characters to its cover, the second down being that for the number "8." A wide alloy hinge is along its rear edge. Shows the expected period use and wear but overall nice condition. 2) CASED 1937-1945 CHINA INCIDENT WAR MEDAL. Established in 1939 and awarded to Japanese soldiers departing for service in the undeclared war against China (hence, "incident"), in its original case. The bronze medal features, to its obverse, the mythical giant crow "yata-no-karasu," flanked by two Rising Sun flags (for the Army and Navy), whose upwardly-stretched wings encompass a sixteen-petal Imperial Chrysanthemum, with radiating lines as the backdrop. To its reverse are three stylized mountains above, and stylized water beneath, a cloud bank, against which is a row of four kanji characters, translating to "China Incident." The swiveling hanger connected to the top of the medal features abstract foliage as its pattern, and is itself connected to a swiveling, horizontal bar, through which the ribbon passes. To the face of the bar is embossed a row of four kanji characters, translating to "War Medal." The watered silk ribbon has a narrow, vertical red stripe to its center, flanked by wider pink stripes, then even wider stripes in yellow, then narrow light blue, and, to its outside edges, narrow navy blue stripes. These represent, respectively, loyalty, the blood-stained soil of China, the Army, the Air Force, and the Navy. An elongated, vertical alloy hook is to its top, which folds down and mates with an alloy eye sewn near the base of its reverse. This medal was awarded until the summer of 1945, and was abolished in 1946. The medal and ribbon are nested into corresponding depressions to the navy blue flocked interior base of its original presentation case, whose concave interior lid is lined in brown leatherette. The exterior of the wooden case is covered in leatherette, which also forms a hinge connecting the cover along its upper side to its base. Stamped, in silver, to the cover is the name of the award in a column of eight kanji characters. 3) CASED 1937-1945 CHINA INCIDENT WAR MEDAL. Established in 1939 and awarded to Japanese soldiers departing for service in the undeclared war against China (hence, "incident"), in its original case. The bronze medal features, to its obverse, the mythical giant crow "yata-no-karasu," flanked by two Rising Sun flags (for the Army and Navy), whose upwardly-stretched wings encompass a sixteen-petal Imperial Chrysanthemum, with radiating lines as the backdrop. To its reverse are three stylized mountains above, and stylized water beneath, a cloud bank, against which is a row of four kanji characters, translating to "China Incident." The swiveling hanger connected to the top of the medal features abstract foliage as its pattern, and is itself connected to a swiveling, horizontal bar, through which the ribbon passes. To the face of the bar is embossed a row of four kanji characters, translating to "War Medal." The watered silk ribbon has a narrow, vertical red stripe to its center, flanked by wider pink stripes, then even wider stripes in yellow, then narrow light blue, and, to its outside edges, narrow navy blue stripes. These represent, respectively, loyalty, the blood-stained soil of China, the Army, the Air Force, and the Navy. An elongated, vertical alloy hook is to its top, which folds down and mates with an alloy eye sewn near the base of its reverse. This medal was awarded until the summer of 1945, and was abolished in 1946. The medal and ribbon are nested into corresponding depressions to the navy blue flocked interior base of its original presentation case, whose concave interior lid is lined in brown leatherette. The exterior of the wooden case is covered in leatherette, which also forms a hinge connecting the cover along its upper side to its base. Stamped, in silver, to the cover is the name of the award in a column of eight kanji characters. 4) CASED 1937-1945 CHINA INCIDENT WAR MEDAL. Established in 1939 and awarded to Japanese soldiers departing for service in the undeclared war against China (hence, "incident"), in its original case. The bronze medal features, to its obverse, the mythical giant crow "yata-no-karasu," flanked by two Rising Sun flags (for the Army and Navy), whose upwardly-stretched wings encompass a sixteen-petal Imperial Chrysanthemum, with radiating lines as the backdrop. To its reverse are three stylized mountains above, and stylized water beneath, a cloud bank, against which is a row of four kanji characters, translating to "China Incident." The swiveling hanger connected to the top of the medal features abstract foliage as its pattern, and is itself connected to a swiveling, horizontal bar, through which the ribbon passes. To the face of the bar is embossed a row of four kanji characters, translating to "War Medal." The watered silk ribbon has a narrow, vertical red stripe to its center, flanked by wider pink stripes, then even wider stripes in yellow, then narrow light blue, and, to its outside edges, narrow navy blue stripes. These represent, respectively, loyalty, the blood-stained soil of China, the Army, the Air Force, and the Navy. An elongated, vertical alloy hook is to its top, which folds down and mates with an alloy eye sewn near the base of its reverse. This medal was awarded until the summer of 1945, and was abolished in 1946. The medal and ribbon are nested into corresponding depressions to the navy blue flocked interior base of its original presentation case, whose concave interior lid is lined in brown leatherette. The exterior of the wooden case is covered in leatherette, which also forms a hinge connecting the cover along its upper side to its base. Stamped, in silver, to the cover is the name of the award in a column of eight kanji characters. 5) CASED 1937-1945 CHINA INCIDENT WAR MEDAL. Established in 1939 and awarded to Japanese soldiers departing for service in the undeclared war against China (hence, "incident"), in its original case. The bronze medal features, to its obverse, the mythical giant crow "yata-no-karasu," flanked by two Rising Sun flags (for the Army and Navy), whose upwardly-stretched wings encompass a sixteen-petal Imperial Chrysanthemum, with radiating lines as the backdrop. To its reverse are three stylized mountains above, and stylized water beneath, a cloud bank, against which is a row of four kanji characters, translating to "China Incident." The swiveling hanger connected to the top of the medal features abstract foliage as its pattern, and is itself connected to a swiveling, horizontal bar, through which the ribbon passes. To the face of the bar is embossed a row of four kanji characters, translating to "War Medal." The watered silk ribbon has a narrow, vertical red stripe to its center, flanked by wider pink stripes, then even wider stripes in yellow, then narrow light blue, and, to its outside edges, narrow navy blue stripes. These represent, respectively, loyalty, the blood-stained soil of China, the Army, the Air Force, and the Navy. An elongated, vertical alloy hook is to its top, which folds down and mates with an alloy eye sewn near the base of its reverse. This medal was awarded until the summer of 1945, and was abolished in 1946. The medal and ribbon are nested into corresponding depressions to the navy blue flocked interior base of its original presentation case, whose concave interior lid is lined in brown leatherette. The exterior of the wooden case is covered in leatherette, which also forms a hinge connecting the cover along its upper side to its base. Stamped, in silver, to the cover is the name of the award in a column of eight kanji characters. 6) CASED SHOWA GRAND ENTHRONEMENT COMMEMORATIVE MEDAL. A Japanese commemorative medal and ribbon in its original case. To the obverse center of the 3cm diameter silver medal is set a sixteen-petal Imperial Chrysanthemum, in gilt, within the opened curtains of the Imperial throne, to either side of which are stylized clouds, and beneath which are the kanji characters for "Banzai!" (which usually translates to "May the Emperor Live Ten Thousand Years"). The image is bordered in alternating cherry and orange blossoms. To its reverse is a banner flanked by stylized clouds, all encircled by the outline of an Imperial Chrysanthemum. To the top of the banner are embossed the kanji characters for "Grand Enthronement," underneath of which are three vertically-arranged characters translating to "Commemorative Medal." Arching underneath the banner, from right to left, are the characters for "Showa era 3rd Year 11th Month" (November, 1928). A clasp is to the top of the medal, with a perforated ball to its top, through which passes the ribbon’s suspension ring. Fed unto the ring is a 4cm wide, watered silk ribbon, with five equal, vertical stripes to it, in purple, white, red, yellow and green. An elongated, vertical alloy hook is to its top, which folds down and mates with an eye sewn to its reverse. Comes complete with its original presentation case. 7) CASED ORDER OF THE GOLDEN KITE, 6TH CLASS. This sixth class silver award is in the form of crossed Samurai shields, with crossed, sheathed swords laid over them, banners with heraldic devices along either side of them, and, to the center, a vertical, sheathed halberd, surmounted by a spread winged, gilded falcon. The falcon is the "kite" from which the award takes its name, and relates to a story about the first Japanese emperor, who, after having been defeated by a rival prince, was sent a divine messenger in the form of a golden falcon, who advised his successful counter-attack, and who perched atop his standard during the battle. Its reverse is featureless. A perforated ball is to the top of the falcon’s head, through which passes the ribbon’s suspension ring. Nice complete ribbon with original attachment clip. The medal and ribbon are nested into corresponding depressions to the hinged, purple velvet interior base of its original presentation case, whose interior lid is lined in padded velvet. The exterior of the black lacquered wooden case has a column of gold painted kanji characters to its cover, presently faded to grey and partially obscured, the second down being that for the number "6." A hinged alloy closure device and corresponding stud is to its forward edge, and a wide alloy hinge is along its rear edge. 8) (IJA) CASED MEN’S RED CROSS ‘SPECIAL MEMBERSHIP’ MEDAL. A 3cm diameter alloy medal, with a clasp to its top through which is fed a ring for its ribbon. To the obverse face of the medal is what appears to be a peacock above a Baltic cross, with olive or laurel branches arching up either side, and three-lobed flowering Paulownias to the base of each branch. To the reverse are two lines of kanji characters. Its red moire ribbon features two vertical silver stripes to either edge, a rosette and a brass hook-and-eye device is to its reverse. Comes complete with its original 9cm x 5.5 cm presentation case and ribbon rosette. 9) CASED RED CROSS ORDER OF MERIT. Awarded for distinguished service to the Japanese Red Cross Society, the Order of Merit ("Yuknosho"), established in June of 1888, takes the form of an enameled silver "cross urdy," 1 13/16" from point to point, with a 3/4" diameter, central medallion. Six white enamel rays are to each arm of the cross, obverse and reverse. To the obverse of the medallion, against its dark blue enamel background, is what appears to be a silver peacock (the "ho-o") above a red enamel Geneva cross, with silver bamboo branches arching up either side, and silver flowering Paulownias to the base of each branch. A copper colored wash may be seen to the peacock’s tail, and to the beaded ring along the circumference of the medallion. This same ring is to the reverse of the medallion, against whose dark blue enameled center is, in silver, a row of three kanji characters which apparently translate to "Merit Medal," with the characters for "Meiji era 21st Year" (1888) arching above them, and those for "Japanese Red Cross Society" arching beneath. A perforated ball is to the top of the upper arm of the cross, through which passes the suspension ring for its ribbon. The 1 7/16" wide, watered silk ribbon is red with two very pale blue stripes to either edge. An elongated, vertical alloy hook is to its top, which folds down and mates with an eye sewn near the base of its reverse. Both the ribbon and medal have only the lightest of age soiling to them, with all of the enamel having been retained, and the silver still being bright. Complete with original fitted case.

The Katana has a 26 1/4" cutting edge. The blade is bright with scattered areas of lite pitting, and a active hamon. The one hole tang is signed. The The tsuka has a ray skin grip and silk wrap. The unusual tsuba is brass with thin engraved brass inserts. The habaki is silver plated brass. The wood saya has original brown lacquer. CONDITION: Very good. Blade could use some light cleaning. Saya has some scattered wear and loss. Very Good-Excellent

Modern production of 1800's Japanese Samurai Armor. Includes Helmet, Face mask, Body armor, Arm and Leg armor. This is Manufactured in the old style in Japan from the mid 1980's. Includes trunk and stand.

The Wakizashi has a 17 3/4" cutting edge. Blade is gray with scattered pitting and some edge nicks. The two hole tang is unsigned. Has a 2 piece copper habaki and lightly decorated iron tsuba. Grip is rayskin with silk wrap. Missing the Kashira. Saya has wear and laquer loss and is cracked .Good

Lot of five WWII Period Japanese Photo Albums, with many Soldier Photos. All albums are excellent.

Lot of four WWII Period Japanese Photo Albums, with many Soldiers and sailor photos. All albums are excellent.

Lot of three WWII Period Japanese Photo Albums, with many Soldier and Sailor Photos. All albums are excellent.

Lot of two WWI and WWII Kukri Knives, both with their proper scabbards with the black scabbard blade being dated 1915 while the brown scabbard blade is dated 1943. Excellent.

Lot of Bayonets to include 1) P1907 India MKIII 1945 Dated Bayonet with Scabbard 2) British P1907 Sword Bayonet with original scabbard & reproduction frog 1916 dated blade. 3) Siamese (Thai) P1907 Sword Bayonet with steel scabbard Tiger Stamp Blade.

Lot of Bayonets to include 1) India P1907 MKI Sword Bayonet with no scabbard blade marked Wilkinson 2) India P1907 MKII Sword Bayonet with no scabbard blade 3) WW1 Canadian Ross MKII Sword Bayonet with no scabbard 4) India P1907 MKI Sword Bayonet with no scabbard 5) British L1A3 Sword Bayonet with steel Grips in mint condition

Lot of Bayonets to include 1) British P1887 MKIII Sword Bayonet for the martini Henry Rifle 2) British P1876/95 Socket bayonet for the Martini Henry Rifle  3) British Military Fireman's Breeching Axe with 1950's Web Scabbard.

WWII Nazi German Linen backed map for the areas of Rheinisch-Weatfalishen and in excellent condition

British made side knife by Joseph Allen & Sons of Sheffield England with leather scabbard. Blade shows wear and sharpening

Lot of 78 Berlin Olympic Games Postcard lot to include the majority of them passed through the mail during the games and are first day covers. All are excellent. The 1936 Summer Olympics (German: Olympische Sommerspiele 1936), officially the Games of the XI Olympiad (German: Spiele der XI. Olympiade) and officially branded as Berlin 1936, was an international multi-sport event held from 1 to 16 August 1936 in Berlin, Germany. Berlin won the bid to host the Games over Barcelona at the 29th IOC Session on 26 April 1931. The 1936 Games marked the second and most recent time the International Olympic Committee gathered to vote in a city that was bidding to host those Games. Later rule modifications forbade cities hosting the bid vote from being awarded the games. To outdo the 1932 Los Angeles Games, Reichsführer Adolf Hitler had a new 100,000-seat track and field stadium built, as well as six gymnasiums and other smaller arenas. The Games were the first to be televised, with radio broadcasts reaching 41 countries. Filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl was commissioned by the German Olympic Committee to film the Games for $7 million. Her film, titled Olympia, pioneered many of the techniques now common in the filming of sports. Hitler saw the 1936 Games as an opportunity to promote his government and ideals of racial supremacy and antisemitism, and the official Nazi Party paper, the Völkischer Beobachter, wrote in the strongest terms that Jews should not be allowed to participate in the Games. German Jewish athletes were barred or prevented from taking part in the Games by a variety of methods, although some female swimmers from the Jewish sports club Hakoah Vienna did participate. Jewish athletes from other countries were said to have been sidelined to avoid offending the Nazi regime. Lithuania was expelled from the Olympic Games due to Berlin's position regarding Lithuanian anti-Nazi policy, particularly because of the 1934–35 Trial of Neumann and Sass in Klaipeda. Total ticket revenues were 7.5 million Reichsmark (equivalent to €17.4 million in 2021), for a profit of over one million R.M. The official budget did not include outlays by the city of Berlin (which issued an itemized report detailing its costs of 16.5 million R.M.) or the outlays of the German national government (which did not make its costs public, but is estimated to have spent US$30 million). Jesse Owens of the United States won four gold medals in the sprint and long jump events, and became the most successful athlete to compete in Berlin, while Germany was the most successful country overall with 101 medals (38 of them gold); the United States placed a distant second with 57 medals. These were the final Olympic Games under the presidency of Henri de Baillet-Latour. For the next 12 years, no Olympic Games were held due to the immense world disruption caused by the Second World War. The next Olympic Games were held in 1948 (the Winter Games in St. Moritz, Switzerland, and then the Summer Games in London, England).

World War II U.S. Army Air Force Type A-1 folding machete survival knife. Manufactured by Imperial Knife Co. Providence RI. as stamped on the left ricasso. Adopted by the US Military in 1942 for the B-4 emergency bail out kit usually attached to the parachute harness. Checkered black plastic grip panels. There is a guard system built into the machete. When closed, the metal guard protects the blade. When open, the guard Flips closed to lock the blade in place. There is a release button for the guard that must be pushed to the release the guard and close the blade. 2) 1953 dated foul weather US Army Cap with Artillery DI to the front. Size marked 7 1/4.

Original Viet Cong Flag that measures 27” x 33”. Displays from both sides with a cut out center star with minor fading. Excellent The Viet Cong, also known as the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam or FNL (from French Front National de Libération), was a mass political organization in South Vietnam and Cambodia with its own army – the Liberation Army of South Vietnam (LASV) – that fought against the United States and South Vietnamese governments during the Vietnam War, eventually emerging on the winning side. It had both guerrilla and regular army units, as well as a network of cadres who organized peasants in the territory it controlled. Many soldiers were recruited in South Vietnam, but others were attached to the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), the regular North Vietnamese army. During the war, communists and anti-war activists insisted the Viet Cong was an insurgency indigenous to the South, while the U.S. and South Vietnamese governments portrayed the group as a tool of Hanoi. Although the terminology distinguishes northerners from the southerners, communist forces were under a single command structure set up in 1958. North Vietnam established the National Liberation Front on December 20, 1960, to foment insurgency in the South. Many of the Viet Cong's core members were volunteer "regroupees", southern Viet Minh who had resettled in the North after the Geneva Accord (1954). Hanoi gave the regroupees military training and sent them back to the South along the Ho Chi Minh trail in the early 1960s. The NLF called for southern Vietnamese to "overthrow the camouflaged colonial regime of the American imperialists" and to make "efforts toward the peaceful unification". The LASV's best-known action was the Tet Offensive, a gigantic assault on more than 100 South Vietnamese urban centers in 1968, including an attack on the U.S. embassy in Saigon. The offensive riveted the attention of the world's media for weeks, but also overextended the Viet Cong. Later communist offensives were conducted predominantly by the North Vietnamese. The organization was dissolved in 1976 when North and South Vietnam were officially unified under a communist government. Excellent

Original Viet Cong Flag. 40” x 59”. Displays from both sides with a cut out center star with minor staining but otherwise excellent. The Viet Cong, also known as the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam or FNL (from french Front National de Libération), was a mass political organization in South Vietnam and Cambodia with its own army – the Liberation Army of South Vietnam (LASV) – that fought against the United States and South Vietnamese governments during the Vietnam War, eventually emerging on the winning side. It had both guerrilla and regular army units, as well as a network of cadres who organized peasants in the territory it controlled. Many soldiers were recruited in South Vietnam, but others were attached to the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), the regular North Vietnamese army. During the war, communists and anti-war activists insisted that the Viet Cong was an insurgency indigenous to the South, while the U.S. and South Vietnamese governments portrayed the group as a tool of Hanoi. Although the terminology distinguishes northerners from the southerners, communist forces were under a single command structure set up in 1958. North Vietnam established the National Liberation Front on December 20, 1960, to foment insurgency in the South. Many of the Viet Cong's core members were volunteer "regroupees", southern Viet Minh who had resettled in the North after the Geneva Accord (1954). Hanoi gave the regroupees military training and sent them back to the South along the Ho Chi Minh trail in the early 1960s. The NLF called for southern Vietnamese to "overthrow the camouflaged colonial regime of the American imperialists" and to make "efforts toward the peaceful unification". The LASV's best-known action was the Tet Offensive, a gigantic assault on more than 100 South Vietnamese urban centers in 1968, including an attack on the U.S. embassy in Saigon. The offensive riveted the attention of the world's media for weeks, but also overextended the Vi?t C?ng. Later communist offensives were conducted predominantly by the North Vietnamese. The organization was dissolved in 1976 when North and South Vietnam were officially unified under a communist government.

Original Viet Cong Flag that measures 52” x 30”. Displays from both sides with a cut out center star with minor fading. Excellent The Viet Cong, also known as the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam or FNL (from French Front National de Libération), was a mass political organization in South Vietnam and Cambodia with its own army – the Liberation Army of South Vietnam (LASV) – that fought against the United States and South Vietnamese governments during the Vietnam War, eventually emerging on the winning side. It had both guerrilla and regular army units, as well as a network of cadres who organized peasants in the territory it controlled. Many soldiers were recruited in South Vietnam, but others were attached to the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), the regular North Vietnamese army. During the war, communists and anti-war activists insisted the Viet Cong was an insurgency indigenous to the South, while the U.S. and South Vietnamese governments portrayed the group as a tool of Hanoi. Although the terminology distinguishes northerners from the southerners, communist forces were under a single command structure set up in 1958. North Vietnam established the National Liberation Front on December 20, 1960, to foment insurgency in the South. Many of the Viet Cong's core members were volunteer "regroupees", southern Viet Minh who had resettled in the North after the Geneva Accord (1954). Hanoi gave the regroupees military training and sent them back to the South along the Ho Chi Minh trail in the early 1960s. The NLF called for southern Vietnamese to "overthrow the camouflaged colonial regime of the American imperialists" and to make "efforts toward peaceful unification". The LASV's best-known action was the Tet Offensive, a gigantic assault on more than 100 South Vietnamese urban centers in 1968, including an attack on the U.S. embassy in Saigon. The offensive riveted the attention of the world's media for weeks, but also overextended the Viet Cong. Later communist offensives were conducted predominantly by the North Vietnamese. The organization was dissolved in 1976 when North and South Vietnam were officially unified under a communist government. Excellent

Original Viet Cong Flag. 34” x 53”. Displays from both sides with a cut out center star with minor staining but otherwise excellent.The Viet Cong, also known as the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam or FNL (from french Front National de Libération), was a mass political organization in South Vietnam and Cambodia with its own army – the Liberation Army of South Vietnam (LASV) – that fought against the United States and South Vietnamese governments during the Vietnam War, eventually emerging on the winning side. It had both guerrilla and regular army units, as well as a network of cadres who organized peasants in the territory it controlled. Many soldiers were recruited in South Vietnam, but others were attached to the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), the regular North Vietnamese army. During the war, communists and anti-war activists insisted that the Viet Cong was an insurgency indigenous to the South, while the U.S. and South Vietnamese governments portrayed the group as a tool of Hanoi. Although the terminology distinguishes northerners from the southerners, communist forces were under a single command structure set up in 1958. North Vietnam established the National Liberation Front on December 20, 1960, to foment insurgency in the South. Many of the Viet Cong's core members were volunteer "regroupees", southern Viet Minh who had resettled in the North after the Geneva Accord (1954). Hanoi gave the regroupees military training and sent them back to the South along the Ho Chi Minh trail in the early 1960s. The NLF called for southern Vietnamese to "overthrow the camouflaged colonial regime of the American imperialists" and to make "efforts toward the peaceful unification". The LASV's best-known action was the Tet Offensive, a gigantic assault on more than 100 South Vietnamese urban centers in 1968, including an attack on the U.S. embassy in Saigon. The offensive riveted the attention of the world's media for weeks, but also overextended the Vi?t C?ng. Later communist offensives were conducted predominantly by the North Vietnamese. The organization was dissolved in 1976 when North and South Vietnam were officially unified under a communist government.

WWII US Army Air Corps Pilot wings by Luxenberg of New York in Sterling measure 3 1/8 inches and are of the first pattern. This pair of wings are extremely scarce and have never been cleaned measuring just over 3 inches.

Set of 23 WWII 1943 Anti Axis & Political Cartoons by Harold M. Talburt. All prints measure approx. 14" x 18". These prints were issued December 1943 and all are in excellent condition still retaining the original cover but unfortunately it shows wear. Harold Morton Talburt (February 19, 1895 – October 24, 1966) was an American cartoonist and illustrator who received the 1933 Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning. Career: Talburt started his career as a reporter with the Toledo News-Bee in 1916, and became an editorial cartoonist with the Scripps–Howard News Services in 1922. His 1932 cartoon "The Light of Asia", printed in The Washington Daily News, received the 1933 Pulitzer Prize, and his other awards included a 1956 Christopher Award[1] and an award from the Freedoms Foundation.[2][3] He was chief editorial cartoonist of Scripps–Howard for many years until his retirement in 1963. He was a member of the Gridiron Club of Washington, D.C., and served as its president in 1943. DeathTalburt died of cancer at his Kenwood, Maryland, home on October 24, 1966, aged 71.

Autographed Signed Letter by General Jacob Devers and Press Release Photo also signed by the General. The letter is on his personnel stationary and reads in part "Dear Ms. Pruter: In response to your letter of September 12, 1979, requesting an item of military memorabilia for your collection, I regret that I cannot comply because all of my articles of military interest have been given to the Historical Society of York County, York, Pennsylvania. There is enclosed an autographed photograph in uniform -- and with it come my best wishes to you in the interesting project you are pursuing. Sincerely yours, Jacob L. Devers General, USA, Retired. Jacob Loucks Devers 8 September 1887 – 15 October 1979) was a general in the United States Army who commanded the 6th Army Group in the European Theater of World War II. He was involved in the development and adoption of numerous weapons, including the M4 Sherman and M26 Pershing tanks, the DUKW amphibious truck, the Bell H-13 Sioux helicopter, and the M16 rifle. A graduate of the United States Military Academy, Devers was commissioned in the field artillery in 1909. During World War I, he was an instructor at the School of Fire at Fort Sill, Oklahoma and the November 11 armistice ended the fighting before he received orders to go to France. He traveled to France soon afterwards, where he attended the French artillery school at Treves. Between the world wars, he was a staunch advocate of mechanization when the idea of phasing out horses met strong resistance from conservative gunners. When World War II broke out in Europe, Devers was stationed in Panama. He was promoted to major general in October 1940 and took command of the newly-formed 9th Infantry Division at Fort Bragg (now Fort Liberty), North Carolina, a base whose construction he oversaw. Appointed Chief of the Armored Force in August 1941, he supervised its expansion from four armored divisions to sixteen. He was an articulate proponent of the emerging tactical doctrine of combined arms and rejected the American doctrine that held that tanks were for exploitation, not for fighting other tanks. He pressed American industry to produce more powerful engines and, often against the views of his superiors, pushed the development of the M4 Sherman, a medium tank with a 75mm gun. Not satisfied with the Sherman, he called for still more heavily-armed and -armored tanks. He wanted 250 of the new M26 Pershing tanks for Operation Overlord but was overruled. In May 1943, Devers became European Theater of Operations, United States Army (ETOUSA) commander. His principal tasks were overseeing preparation of detailed plans and the buildup of men and materiel for Overlord, and supporting the Combined Bomber Offensive. He clashed with General Dwight D. Eisenhower over the diversion of ETOUSA resources to Eisenhower's North African Theater of Operations. Eisenhower succeeded him at ETOUSA in January 1944, and Devers went to the Mediterranean as Commander North African Theater of Operations, United States Army (NATOUSA), and Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean Theater, to British General Sir Henry Maitland Wilson. Devers was involved in the organization, planning and leadership of Operation Dragoon, the invasion of southern France in August 1944. He led the 6th Army Group in France and Germany through the advance to the Rhine, the German counterattack in Operation Northwind, the operations to reduce the Colmar Pocket and the Western Allied invasion of Germany. After the war, he commanded the Army Ground Forces.

WWII Japanese red banner measuring 13 X 56 inches excluding ties. Excellent.

Italian Military Order of Savoy, Knight’s Breast Badge in silver gilt and enamels, 37mm x 39mm, unmarked, WW1 period issue, no chipping to enamels, in extremely fine condition. Comes with original issue case. #23

WWII Imperial Japanese large patriotic banner in excellent condition measuring 54 X 17 1/2 showing the National and Battle flags. Presented by "Iida Yozaburou" and celebrates going to War with continued luck in Battle and the soldiers name was Ogura Tarou.

Tanker Helmet lot to include 1) WWII Canadian Crash Tank Helmet RAC royal armoured corps. For sale this scarce Commonwealth / Canadian early ww2 tanker helmet named "Crash tank Helmet". Size marked 7 1/4 with a C Broad Arrow. 2) COLD WAR BUNDESWEHR WEST GERMAN ARMY PANZER BERET LIKE WWII. Original Bundeswehr West German Army, Panzer Beret wool felt, made similar to the German WWII Panzer Beret , Size 54, maker marked and with ordnance tag, 1963 dated. The helmets came to us from the American Armored Foundation, Inc. Tank and Ordnance Memorial Museum. The AAF Tank Museum was a living memorial dedicated to the Tank and Cavalry soldiers of the world. Before 1981 some of the artifacts that make up the AAF Tank Museum was a private collection belonging to Mr. William Gasser. Mr. Gasser felt that his collection would be beneficial in educating present and future generations to the sacrifices made and the technologies gained during war. Therefore, in 1981 the AAF Tank Museum was established as a non-profit charitable organization, and Mr. Gasser donated his private collection to the Tank Museum. Mr. Gasser is still active as Volunteer Director and Curator of the Tank Museum and his knowledge of military history has been a great asset to the museum. Unfortunately after 20 years of operation it had to close its doors, which is when this uniform was acquired.

First pattern tropical pith helmet with a formed cork core covered in a ribbed tan cotton twill. The helmet features a six panel vertically seamed tan cotton twill crown with a horizontal band stitched at the rear center at the juncture of the crown and the all around visor. The helmet has one stamped alloy shield with the national eagle missing to the left side but the national tri-color shield is present to the right side. The national tri-color shield features three diagonally angled bars in the colors of red, white, and black on a slightly textured background field. Sweatband is complete. Chinstrap is also present. Size marked 57 and is maker marked to B.K. 41. Excellent.

Excellent condition Rabbit fur coat lining. Jacket has a 6 glass button front and is in excellent condition.

Japanese Patriotic Banner made of cotton with original ties measuring 80 X 130 inches. Excellent.

Japanese Patriotic Banner made of cotton with original ties measuring 72 X 100 inches. Excellent.

Japanese Patriotic Banner made of cotton with original ties measuring 54 X 44 inches. Excellent.

Japanese Patriotic Banner made of cotton with original ties measuring 64 X 100 inches. Excellent.

WWII Japanese Patriotic Banner remnant and Japanese National Flag with Kanji, both are in poor to good condition.

WWII era patch lot to include 1) Technical Trainning Command Sustineo Alas Patch 2) Air Cadet overseas cap patch 3) Airport Cab hat patch 4) US Technical Observer 5) W.A.S.P. shoulder sleeve patch 6) Bullion Army Headquarters Command patch 7) NAVAL AIR STATION NO. LA. I CAN SWIM PATCH. 8) AFA Bullion patch 9) AAF Technical Representative Patch 10) High School Victory Corps Community Service Patch Red Cross 11) Desert Air Force SSI 12) Air R.O.T.C. shoulder sleeve insignia. 13) WWII USAAF Alaska Air Force Depot AAD Patch 14) High School Victory Corps Community Service Patch

Color 1942 poster by the Wilkinsons (J. Walter Wilkinson, 1892-1988, and his son, Walter G. Wilkinson, 1917-1971) that shows a factory worker holding a U.S. savings bond with the slogan "Make Every Pay-Day Bond-Day". Printed by U.S. Government Printing Office 1942-0-437059. Poster measuresv28" x 20". very good.

The 6 X 6.3 aiming scope was developed for Artillery and Machine Gun units, and was used for measuring horizontal and vertical angles. It was a crucial instrument for initially sighting guns of all sizes prior to firing, and could be used for indirect fire with Machine guns. It was also used with mortars and other heavy artillery. Excellent.

US Spanish War Veterans' Daughters of '98 Department of California Banner flag. Measures 31.25" wide and 49.5" tall. Front reads "Daughters of '98 instituted May 18, 1948 Department of California." Shield in center reads "D of '98 National Auxillary USWV" with their logo. Machine cotton chain stitched embroidered on blue satin material with yellow cloth fringe. Multi piece construction with a brass horizontal mounting bar. Single sided. Excellemt

Three (3) commemorative ball caps with Memphis Belle and 50th Anniversary of 8th Air Force logos (two are the same.) Each are autographed by Memphis Belle pilot Robert Morgan and are unused. Three (3) different VHS tapes about the Belle. Twelve original issues of Yank magazine, ranging from May to December 1945 (not a complete span.) Two 'Serving His Country' certificates, each named to different soldiers. Three (3) 'Sons in Service' banners, found inside the Frank Maresh certificate.

Imperial German Regimental Brass Flag Pole Top measuring 8 3/4 inches tall with K G B Cypher. Excellent.

WWII US insignia lot to include patches from the US Navy, Army and Army Air Corps. Patches to include US Navy Mosquito Boat Patch in white, White Air Service US Navy Patch, US Navy Ratings, Air Corps Patches including Air Cadet, 2nd Air Force, 3rd Air Force, 6th Air Force, Far East Air Force, 4 Corps, 15th Army Group, 2nd Cavalry with OD Border, 31st Infantry Division and finally a US Navy red Handkerchief. Excellent.

WWII Australian Machete marked D Broad Arrow D 44 in excellent condition without scabbard.

WWII British No. 4 MKI Spike Bayonet with Cruciform Blade and Scabbard in excellent condition.

WWII lot of British No. 4 MKII Spike Bayonets with Scabbard lot in excellent condition.

Lot of British bayonets to include 1) No. 7 MKI Sword Bayonet with Brown synthetic grip. Excellent. 2) No. 9 Sword Bayonet in MINT Condition 3) South African No. 9 Sword Bayonet with Scabbard 4) India Pattern 1A Sword Bayonet with Scabbard for Indian FAL Rifle.

Lot of British bayonets to include 1) India P1907 MKII Sword Bayonet marked NWR 43 North West Railways 1943 with Scabbard 2) British P1888 MKII Sword Bayonet with Oil Hole in Pommel with scabbard 3) British P1888 MKII Sword Bayonet with Oil Hole in Pommel by Wilkinson 4) British P1903 Sword bayonet with no Scabbard

Lot of three British Bayonets to include 1) P1876 Socket Bayonet for the Martini Henry Rifle with scabbard a white buff frog 2) British P1895 Socket Bayonet for the .303 Martini Enfield Rifle with scabbard and white buff frog 3) P1876 Socket Bayonet for the Martini Henry Rifle with scabbard. All are excellent.

US Patch lot to include 1) 1920's Armored Shoulder Sleeve Insignia that is extremely well made of cotton on wool 2) WWII Theater Made Constabulary Shoulder Patch 3) WWII First Special Service Forces FSSF Shoulder Patch 4) WWII U.S. Army Aleutian Islands Patch Variant. 5) WWII  US Army Kiska Task Force Shoulder Patch 6) WWII 42nd Infantry Division 7) WWII II Armored Corps Shoulder Patch 8) WWII 7th Infantry Shoulder Patch 9) WWII 11th Air Force Patch 10) WWII Theater Made Constabulary Shoulder Patch 11) WWII 9th Army Shoulder Patch that is directly embroidered on felt.  12) WWII Theater Made Constabulary Shoulder Patch 13) WWI Veterans Order of the Cootie Shoulder Patch 14) WWII 20th Air Force SSI 15) WWII 13th Air Force Patch 16) WWII Airborne Officers Overseas Cap Patch 16) WWII Airborne Officers Overseas Cap Patch 17) WWII 9th Army Shoulder Patch that is directly embroidered on felt. 18) WWII Theater Made Constabulary Shoulder Patch 19) Red Engineers AIRBORNE Rocker Tab Patch 20) WWII Theater Made Constabulary Shoulder Patch 21) WWII Army War College SSI 22) Theater Made Ledo Road Shoulder Patch 23) Theater Made 24th Infantry Division Shoulder Patch 24) WWII Theater Made 45th Infantry Division SSI that is felt on felt. 25) 36th Infantry Division AIRBORNE Shoulder Patch with attached rocker 26) 10th Mountain Shoulder Sleeve Patch 27) Theater Made Enlisted Glider Infantry Overseas Cap Patch 28) 30th Infantry Division SSI that is Greenback 29) Theater Made CBI China Burma India Shoulder Sleeve Patch 30) Theater Made Bullion SHEAF Patch

WWII US Army and US Navy Aviation lot to include 1) Screwback US Army Air Corps Earrings showing the Air Corps half wing to each 2) WWII US Navy Aviator Wings Screwback Earrings. 3) 1 1/2 inch US Navy Aviation Wings marked H&H 4) 1 1/2 inch US Navy Aviation Wings marked Gemsco 5) 1 inch US Navy Aviation Wings marked H&H

Lot of two Colonial Daughters Society Medals. Both are silver and enamel National Society of Colonial Daughters medals from years 1607-1775. The back of the medals are engraved and rewarded to Mrs. J. R. Sullivan and marked by number 568. The medal is manufactured by Caldwell in Silver. The second is engraved "Mrs. Eli Nelson Crayden and is numbered 573". Both are excellent. The National Society Daughters of the American Colonists (NSDAC) is an organization of female descendants of American colonials. Its mission is education on the Colonial history of the United States.

This sixth class silver award is in the form of crossed Samurai shields, with crossed, sheathed swords laid over them, banners with heraldic devices along either side of them, and, to the center, a vertical, sheathed halberd, surmounted by a spread winged, gilded falcon. The falcon is the "kite" from which the award takes its name, and relates to a story about the first Japanese emperor, who, after having been defeated by a rival prince, was sent a divine messenger in the form of a golden falcon, who advised his successful counter-attack, and who perched atop his standard during the battle. Its reverse is featureless. A perforated ball is to the top of the falcon’s head, through which passes the ribbon’s suspension ring. Nice complete ribbon with original attachment clip. The medal and ribbon are nested into corresponding depressions to the hinged, purple velvet interior base of its original presentation case, whose interior lid is lined in padded velvet. The exterior of the black lacquered wooden case has a column of gold painted kanji characters to its cover, presently fade to grey and partially obscured, the second down being that for the number "6." A hinged alloy closure device and corresponding stud is to its forward edge, and a wide alloy hinge is along its rear edge. The Order of the Golden Kite ("Kinshi Kunsho"), established in February of 1890, was a purely military award for bravery or leadership. General officers were eligible for its first to third grades, field officers its second to fourth, junior officers its third to fifth, non-commissioned officers its fourth to sixth, and soldiers its fifth to seventh grades. The Order was abolished in 1947.

Society Medal lot to include 1) Daughters of the American Revolution Medal dated 1931 for the commemoration the second Continental Congress Held in Constitution Hall 2) Regent Daughters of the American Revolution Ribbon for Des Moines Iowa. 3) Vintage National Society of Magna Charta Dames Insignia Medal. 4) New England Society In The City of New York Medal. 5) Past President Veteran League Medal in Gold

Autographed Signed Letter by General James Gavin and Press Release Photo also signed by the General. The letter is on his personnel stationary and reads in part "Dear Ms. Pruter: Thank you for your letter of May 14. I am sending you a photograph as per your request. I hope it will be a worthwhile addition to your collection. I do not have any items of military memorabilia, unfortunately. Sincerely James M. Gavin James Maurice Gavin (March 22, 1907 – February 23, 1990), sometimes called "Jumpin' Jim" and "the jumping general", was a senior United States Army officer, with the rank of lieutenant general, who was the third Commanding General (CG) of the 82nd Airborne Division during World War II. During the war, he was often referred to as "The Jumping General" because of his practice of taking part in combat jumps with the paratroopers under his command; he was the only American general officer to make four combat jumps in the war. Gavin was the youngest major general to command an American division in World War II, being only 37 upon promotion, and the youngest lieutenant general after the war, in March 1955. He was awarded two Distinguished Service Crosses and several other decorations for his service in the war. During combat, he was known for his habit of carrying an M1 rifle, typically carried by enlisted U.S. infantry soldiers, instead of the M1 carbine, which officers customarily carried. Gavin also worked against segregation in the U.S. Army, which gained him some notability. After the war, Gavin served as United States Ambassador to France from 1961 to 1962.

Lot of militaria to include 1) Unusual and scarce Danish Model G M/50 made M1 Garand bayonet. Marked "FKF 1955". (Forsvarets Krigsmaterial Forvaltning (Defence War Materiel Administration).Matching scabbard also marked FKF. 2) Soviet AK-47 Bayonet with frog and scabbard. 3) US M5 Bayonet by J&D Tool Co. 6.5" blade, 11.25" overall length. 4) Vietnam Era M21 practice grenade with fuze. 5)  Vietnam Era M21 practice grenade with fuze.

Lot of US Military Patches to include 1) War II Army 779th Tank Battalion Patch. 3 3/8" X 3 1/2". World War II U.S. Army 779th Tank Battalion patch. Lemon yellow apex. This unit was sent to the Philippines in 1945. Fully machine embroidered. Excellent. 2) Army Air Force Air Cadet Shoulder Sleeve Patch 3) 94th Division Pilgrim Felt Shoulder Patch. 4) Army Transport Tc Mts Red Ball Express Shoulder Patch All are excellent.

A prop M1 Garand rifle used in the 1998 war movie "Saving Private Ryan" starring: Tom Hanks, Tom Sizemore, Edward Burns, Barry Pepper, Adam Goldberg, Vin Diesel & Giovanni Ribisi. During production three types of prop M1's were made including foam, fiberglass and wood. This particular specimen is the foam version with an incredible amount of detail still retaining the partial serial number of the weapon when used to make the prop. Excellent Saving Private Ryan is a 1998 American epic war film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Robert Rodat. Set during the Invasion of Normandy in World War II, the film is known for its graphic portrayal of war and for the intensity of its second scene of 24 minutes, a depiction of the Omaha Beach assault during the Normandy landings. The film follows United States Army Rangers Captain John H. Miller (Tom Hanks) and his squad (Tom Sizemore, Edward Burns, Barry Pepper, Giovanni Ribisi, Vin Diesel, Adam Goldberg, and Jeremy Davies) as they search for a paratrooper, Private First Class James Francis Ryan (Matt Damon), the last surviving brother of a family of four, with his three other brothers having been killed in action. The film was a co-production between DreamWorks Pictures, Paramount Pictures, Amblin Entertainment, and Mutual Film Company, with DreamWorks distributing the film in North America while Paramount released the film internationally. In 1996, producer Mark Gordon pitched Rodat's idea, which was inspired by the Niland brothers, to Paramount, which eventually began development on the project. Spielberg, who at the time was forming DreamWorks, came on board to direct the project, and Hanks joined the cast. After the cast went through training supervised by Marine veteran Dale Dye, the film's principal photography started in June 1997 and lasted two months. The film's D-Day scenes were shot in Ballinesker Beach, Curracloe Strand, Ballinesker, just east of Curracloe, County Wexford, Ireland and used members of the Irish Army reserve as infantry for the D-Day landing. Released on July 24, 1998, Saving Private Ryan received acclaim from critics and audiences for its performances (particularly from Hanks), realism, cinematography, score, screenplay, and Spielberg's direction, and was placed on many film critics' 1998 top ten lists. It was also a box office success, becoming the highest-grossing film of 1998 in the United States with $216.8 million domestically and the second-highest-grossing film of 1998 worldwide with $481.8 million worldwide. Additionally, it grossed $44 million from its release on home video in May 1999. The film won several accolades, including Best Picture and Director at the Golden Globes, Producers Guild of America, Directors Guild of America, and Critics' Choice Awards. The film was nominated for eleven Academy Awards at the 71st Academy Awards, where it won five: Best Director (Spielberg's second), Best Film Editing, Best Cinematography, Best Sound, and Best Sound Effects Editing, though it lost the Academy Award for Best Picture to Shakespeare in Love in a controversial Oscars upset. Since its release, Saving Private Ryan has been considered one of the greatest films of all time and has been lauded as influential on the war film genre. It is credited for renewing interest in World War II media. In 2007, the American Film Institute ranked Saving Private Ryan as the 71st-greatest American movie in AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) and in 2014, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"

WWII framed honor roll for "C" Company 63rd Infantry Regiment of the 6th Division. Frames measures 24 X 19 inches and has a complete roster with Patriotic graphics with images of Henry L. Stimson the Secretary of War, President Franklin Deleno Roosevelt and General George Marshall. Excellent. World War II combat chronicle: The division moved to Hawaii in July and August 1943 to assume defensive positions on Oahu, training meanwhile in jungle warfare. It moved to Milne Bay, New Guinea, 31 January 1944, and trained until early June 1944. The division first saw combat in the Toem-Wakde area of Dutch New Guinea, engaging in active patrolling 14–18 June, after taking up positions 6–14 June. Moving west of Toem, it fought the bloody Battle of Lone Tree Hill, 21–30 June, and secured the Maffin Bay area by 12 July. After a brief rest, the division made an assault landing at Sansapor, 30 July, on the Vogelkop Peninsula. The 6th secured the coast from Cape Waimak to the Mega River and garrisoned the area until December 1944. The division landed at Lingayen Gulf, Luzon, in the Philippines on D-day, 9 January 1945, and pursued the Japanese into the Cabanatuan hills, 17–21 January, capturing Muñoz on 7 February. On 27 January, Special Operations units also attached to the Sixth United States Army took part in the Raid at Cabanatuan. The division then drove northeast to Dingalan Bay and Baler Bay, 13 February, isolating enemy forces in southern Luzon. The U.S. 1st Infantry Regiment operated on Bataan together with the Philippine Commonwealth forces, 14–21 February, cutting the peninsula from Abucay to Bagac. The division then took part in the Battle of Manila, shifting to the Shimbu Line northeast of Manila, on 24 February to take part in the longest continuous combat operation of the division in the Battle of Wawa Dam. The 6th Division faced a tough seesaw battle versus the Shimbu Group as the Japanese Shimbu Group created network of tunnels, artillery positions, and machine gun nests in the hill country of Antipolo, San Mateo, and Montalban in Rizal Province. The terrain is formed by sharp hills and deep valleys, where direct assaults could be made in a day, and the next day units would be forced to retreat. The 6th Division took Mount Mataba on 17 April, Mount Pacawagan on 29 April,Bolog on 29 June, Lane's Ridge of Mount Santo Domingo on 10 July, and Kiangan, 12 July. The 6th remained with the Philippine Military forces in the Cagayan Valley and the Cordillera Mountains until VJ-day. After the war, the division moved to Korea and controlled the southern half of the United States zone of occupation until inactivated.

WWII 2nd Division Patched M43 Field Jacket with Master Sergeant Chevrons. The jacket is a size 34R and in excellent condition. World War II: December 1944 order of battle Assignments in European Theater of Operations 22 October 1943: Attached to First Army 24 December 1943: XV Corps, but attached to First Army 14 April 1944: V Corps, First Army 1 August 1944: V Corps, First Army, 12th Army Group 17 August 1944: XIX Corps 18 August 1944: VIII Corps, Third Army, 12th Army Group 5 September 1944: VIII Corps, Ninth Army, 12th Army Group 22 October 1944: VIII Corps, First Army, 12th Army Group 11 December 1944: V Corps 20 December 1944: Attached, with the entire First Army, to the British 21st Army Group 18 January 1945: V Corps, First Army, 12th Army Group 28 April 1945: VII Corps 1 May 1945: V Corps 6 May 1945: Third Army, 12th Army Group Narrative: 2nd Infantry Division marching up the bluff at the E-1 draw of Omaha Beach (7 June 1944). They are going past the German resistance nest 65 that defended the route to Saint-Laurent-sur-Mer. After training in Northern Ireland and Wales from October 1943 to June 1944, the 2nd Infantry Division crossed the channel to land on Omaha Beach on D plus 1 (7 June 1944) near Saint-Laurent-sur-Mer. Attacking across the Aure River on 10 June, the division liberated Trévières and proceeded to assault and secure Hill 192, a key enemy strong point on the road to Saint-Lo. After three weeks of fortifying the position and by order of Commanding General Walter M. Robertson, the order was given to take Hill 192. On 11 July under the command of Col. Ralph Wise Zwicker the 38th Infantry Regiment and with the 9th and the 23rd by his side the battle began at 5:45am. Using an artillery concept from World War I (rolling barrage) and with the support of 25,000 rounds of HE/WP that were fired by 8 artillery battalions, the hill was taken. Except for three days during the Battle of the Bulge, this was the heaviest expenditure of ammunition by the 38th Field Artillery Battalion, and it was the only time during the 11 months of combat that 2nd Division artillery used a rolling barrage. The division went on the defensive until 26 July. After exploiting the Saint-Lo breakout, the 2nd Division then advanced across the Vire to take Tinchebray on 15 August 1944. The division then raced toward Brest, the heavily defended port fortress that was a major port for German U-boats. After 39 days of fighting the Battle for Brest was won, and was the first place the Army Air Forces used bunker busting bombs. The division took a brief rest 19–26 September before moving to defensive positions at St. Vith, Belgium on 29 September 1944. The division entered Germany on 3 October 1944, and was ordered, on 11 December 1944, to attack and seize the Roer River dams. The German Ardennes offensive in mid-December forced the division to withdraw to defensive positions near Elsenborn Ridge, where the German drive was halted. In February 1945 the division attacked, recapturing lost ground, and seized Gemund, 4 March. Reaching the Rhine on 9 March, the division advanced south to take Breisig, 10–11 March, and to guard the Remagen bridge, 12–20 March. The division crossed the Rhine on 21 March and advanced to Hadamar and Limburg an der Lahn, relieving elements of the 9th Armored Division, 28 March. Advancing rapidly in the wake of the 9th Armored, the 2nd Infantry Division crossed the Weser at Veckerhagen, 6–7 April, captured Göttingen 8 April, established a bridgehead across the Saale, 14 April, seizing Merseburg on 15 April. On 18 April the division took Leipzig, mopped up in the area, and outposted the Mulde River; elements which had crossed the river were withdrawn 24 April. Relieved on the Mulde, the 2nd moved 200 miles, 1–3 May, to positions along the German-Czech border near Schönsee and Waldmünchen, where 2 ID relieved the 97th and 99th IDs. The division crossed over to Czechoslovakia on 4 May 1945, and attacked in the general direction of Pilsen, attacking that city on VE Day. The division lost 3,031 killed in action, 12,785 wounded in action, and 457 died of wounds. The 2nd Infantry Division returned to the New York Port of Embarkation on 20 July 1945, and arrived at Camp Swift at Bastrop, Texas on 22 July 1945. They started a training schedule to prepare them to participate in the scheduled invasion of Japan, but they were still at Camp Swift on VJ Day. They then moved to the staging area at Camp Stoneman at Pittsburg, California on 28 March 1946, but the move eastward was canceled, and they received orders to move to Fort Lewis at Tacoma, Washington. They arrived at Fort Lewis on 15 April 1946, which became their home station. From their Fort Lewis base, they conducted Arctic, air transportability, amphibious, and maneuver training.

The clock is made of high-quality bakelite. With its sleek design and key mechanism, this clock is a perfect addition to any collection or as a decorative piece on a ship or in a home. The clock's history can be traced back to the United States Navy during World War II, making it a valuable piece of naval memorabilia. Don't miss your chance to own this exceptional piece of history. Missing the hands and key but I was able to find a key and the movement does function.

9.5" blade, 3.75" false edge, 14.25" coverall with black plastic handle, 3 pins, and brass guard, marked "KINFOLKS Inc" on the blade with 2 grooves near the spine of the blade. V-44 Survival / Raider knife, issued to Marines and Airmen for survival during World War II. Blade is in excellent condition and comes with the incorrect but original leather sheath. Excellent.

Very good condition M3 Fighting Knife that is guard marked by Imperial. M3 fighting knife and scabbard with an integral frog. The knife has a metal pommel, to whose flat, upper surface, alongside the end of its tang, is stamped the image of a flaming bomb. Horizontally ribbed, brown leather grip is age darkened. Its metal double cross guard angles forward along its upper projection. The 17cm blade, with a swedge and short fuller, shows minimal period use and wear. The 18.5cm scabbard has a metal throat with downwardly-angled projections to either side, and is stamped "U.S. M8A1" and "P.W.H.". A vertical projection extends from the back of the throat, to which the 12cm tall olive drab canvas frog is doubly riveted. The frog has a horizontal retaining strap riveted to the upper portion of its formed belt loop, with metal tips to either end of the strap and a brass snap button. The olive drab-colored fiberglass scabbard itself tapers at its tip.

M3 fighting knife and scabbard with an integral frog. The knife has a metal pommel, to whose flat, upper surface, alongside the end of its tang, is stamped the image of a flaming bomb. Horizontally ribbed, brown leather grip is age darkened. Its metal double cross guard angles forward along its upper projection. The 17cm blade, with a swedge and short fuller, shows minimal period use and wear and is marked US M3 CAMILLUS on the blade. The 18.5cm scabbard has a metal throat with downwardly-angled projections to either side, and is stamped "U.S. M8". A vertical projection extends from the back of the throat, to which the 12cm tall olive drab canvas frog is doubly riveted. The frog has a horizontal retaining strap riveted to the upper portion of its formed belt loop, with metal tips to either end of the strap and a brass snap button. The olive drab-colored bakelite scabbard itself tapers at its tip. Very Good.

WWII Navy issued communications terminal / radio operator's "Talker helmet" Marked "A.L" and "Mk II" in the front, and "USN" in the rear. Blue-gray finish and fitted liner with recesses to accommodate for a handset or field phone without removing the helmet. This particular helmet is also unit marked which I  have never seen with a Black, Red and Silver Diamond pattern. Excellent

WWII US Army Special Services Tetherball in excellent condition and still retains air. Well marked SPECIAL SERVICES U.S. ARMY and SPALDING TB12. Excellent. Special Services was the entertainment branch of the American military. The unit was created on 22 July 1940 by the War Department as part of the Army Service Forces. Special Services not only used its own specially trained and talented troops but also would often engage local performers. Among its activities were staging plays and stage acts, holding concerts, filming documentaries, and providing recreational opportunities for servicemen. Special Services were one of the few U.S. Army units to be racially integrated during World War II. Special Services opened their first Recreational Officer school at Fort Meade Maryland on 1 April 1942. Within the United States Marine Corps, the Special Services Division was the forerunner of today's Special Services Branch. It was formed on 1 March 1943, to provide morale maintaining recreational and informational services to Marine Corps personnel. As of at least 2004, the Special Services Branch was still active within the USMC.

Dark oiled leather scabbard with a black painted steel slide cover. Both straps are intact with makers marks to the left of the slide cover. There is surface scuffing to the scabbard and straps, still quite sound for use or diplay. Excellent. The M1 Garand or M1 rifle is a semi-automatic rifle that was the service rifle of the U.S. Army during War II and the Korean War. The rifle is chambered for the .30-06 Springfield cartridge and is named after its Canadian-American designer, John Garand. It was the first standard-issue autoloading rifle for the United States. By most accounts, the M1 rifle performed well. General George S. Patton called it "the greatest battle implement ever devised". The M1 replaced the bolt-action M1903 Springfield as the U.S. service rifle in 1936, and was itself replaced by the selective-fire M14 rifle on March 26, 1958

WWII PT Boat 21 Resdy Room Sign being made of wood measuring 12 inches with the insignia of the boat showing a Mosquito holding 2 cards, the Ace of Spades and the Jack of Spades...21 Blackjack riding on top of a PT Boat that just launched a Torpedo. Excellent. 77' Motor Torpedo Boat: Laid down 2 December 1940 by the Electric Boat Co., Elco Works, Bayonne, NJ Launched 11 April 1941 Completed 13 June 1941 Placed in service 21 June 1941 and assigned to Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron One (MTBRon 1) under the command of Lt. William C. Specht, USN MTBRon 1 was the first squadron commissioned, and originally was made up of experimental boats Transferred 22 December 1942 to Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron THREE (2), (MTBRon 3) under the command of Lt. Hugh M. Robinson, USN MTBRon 3(2) was the first squadron to arrive in the Solomons, and fought many strenuous engagements with the Tokyo Express at Guadalcanal. PT's 21, 23, 25, and 26 were stationed at the island of Funafuti, in the Ellice Group, until the middle of 1943. These boats, known as Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron 3, Division 2, were under command of Lt. Jonathan F. Rice, USNR, while on this detached duty Transferred 27 September 1943 to Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron TWO under the command of Lt. Alvin P. Cluster, USN The "Black Jack", ex-"Sad Sack" was struck from the Navy Register 11 October 1943 because of obsolescence Fate unknown. Specifications:Displacement 40 t. Length 77' Beam 19' 11" Draft 4' 6" Speed 41 kts. Complement 15 Armament: Two twin .50 cal. Browning M2 machine guns in Dewandre turrets, one .30-06 cal. Lewis machine gun and four 21" torpedoes Propulsion: Three 1,500shp Packard V12 M2500 gasoline engines, three shafts. A PT boat (short for patrol torpedo boat) was a motor torpedo boat used by the United States Navy in World War II. It was small, fast, and inexpensive to build, valued for its maneuverability and speed but hampered at the beginning of the war by ineffective torpedoes, limited armament, and comparatively fragile construction that limited some of the variants to coastal waters. In the US Navy they were organized in Motor Torpedo Boat Squadrons (MTBRONs). The PT boat was very different from the first generation of torpedo boat, which had been developed at the end of the 19th century and featured a displacement hull form. These first generation torpedo boats rode low in the water, displaced up to 300 tons, and had a top speed of 25 to 27 kn (46 to 50 km/h). During World War I Italy, the US, and UK developed the first high-performance, gasoline-powered motor torpedo boats (often with top speeds over 40 kn (74 km/h)) and corresponding torpedo tactics, but these projects were all quickly disbanded after the Armistice. Design of World War II PT boats continued to exploit some of the advances in planing hull design borrowed from offshore powerboat racing and used multiple lightweight but more powerful marinized aircraft-derived V-12 engines, and thus were able to advance in both size and speed. During World War II, PT boats engaged enemy warships, transports, tankers, barges, and sampans. Some were converted into gunboats which could be effective against enemy small craft, especially armored barges used by the Japanese for inter-island transport. Several saw service with the Philippine Navy, where they were named "Q-boats". Primary anti-ship armament on the standard PT boat was four 21-inch Mark 8 torpedoes, each of which had a 466-pound (211 kg) TNT warhead and a range of 16,000 yards (15,000 m) at 36 knots (67 km/h). Two twin .50-inch (12.7 mm) M2 Browning heavy machine guns were mounted for anti-aircraft defense and general fire support. Some boats carried a 20 mm (0.79 in) Oerlikon cannon. Propulsion was via a trio of Packard 4M-2500 and later 5M-2500 supercharged gasoline-fueled, liquid-cooled V-12 marine engines. Nicknamed "the mosquito fleet" and "devil boats" by the Japanese, the PT boat squadrons were hailed for their daring and earned a durable place in the public imagination that remains strong into the 21st century. Their role was replaced in the U.S. Navy by fast attack craft.

World War Two Japanese Officer dress sword that measures 39 1/2" overall with a 33 1/4" blade. The blade is in overall very good condition. Grips are intact with a few areas of loose wire and the guard is in excellent condition with the original washer present. Scabbard has some dings and wear.

US Army field telephone set TA-264/PT in excellent condition with carrying strap from WWII. H: 10.5 W: 11.5 D: 7.5 Inches. Portable telephone equipped with transmitting and receiving amplifier for increasing operating range. Transmission is in one direction at a time controlled by a push to talk switch in the handset handle. Uses one battery BA-27, one BA-65 and three BA-2. Excellent.

Beautiful WWII US Navy Officer's Submarine badge. Badge measures 2 3/4 inches. The badge has never been cleaned and has a beautiful patina to the gold. Marked to the reverse STERLING Vanguard N.Y. 490-6020

Original WWII China, Burma, India "CBI" Silk Blood Chit. These were provided to Air Crews to Identify them as shot down & help would be re-payed in Gold. The "CHIT" measures 10 1/17 X 7/8" and being made of silk and is numbered 001545 and has been cut from the flight jacket.490-6129

WWII US Coast Guard Press Release Photo Album containing 70 photos, mostly with descriptions with some photos of D-day. Excellent.  World War II: Before the American entry into World War II, cutters of the Coast Guard patrolled the North Atlantic. In January 1940 President Roosevelt directed the establishment of the Atlantic Weather Observation Service using Coast Guard cutters and U.S. Weather Bureau observers. After the invasion of Denmark by Germany on 9 April 1940, President Roosevelt ordered the International Ice Patrol to continue as a legal pretext to patrol Greenland, whose cryolite mines were vital to refining aluminum and whose geographic location allowed accurate weather forecasts to be made for Europe. The Greenland Patrol was maintained by the Coast Guard for the duration of the war. The Coast Guard became directly involved in the first World War II attack on America in the 1941 Attack on Pearl Harbor. Supporting U.S. naval forces on 7 December, were the Coast Guard cutters, patrol boats, bases, stations, lighthouses and personnel assigned to the 14th Naval District. These units included USCGC Taney and patrol cutters Tiger and Reliance; buoy tenders Kukui and Walnut; patrol boats CG-400, CG-403, CG-27, and CG-8; a buoy boat and the former Lighthouse Service launch Lehua all participated in the battle shooting at several aircraft. USCGC Taney, a notable World War II era high endurance cutter, is the only warship still afloat today (as a museum ship in Baltimore) that was present for the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, although she was actually stationed in nearby Honolulu. Coast Guard aviator, Lieutenant Frank Erickson, who later pioneered search and rescue helicopter flight, although assigned to Taney was standing watch at Ford Island before the attack then took command of an anti-aircraft battery to fight off multiple enemy aircraft. During World War II, there was great concern about enemy vessels nearing U.S. shores, allowing adversarial forces to invade the nation. Beach patrols manned by Coast Guardsmen gained increased importance as security forces with three basic functions: to look for and report on any suspicious vessels operating in the area; to report and prevent attempts of landings by the enemy; and to prevent communication between persons on shore and the enemy at sea. Patrolled the shores of the United States during the war.[58] On 13 June 1942 Seaman 2nd Class John Cullen, patrolling the beach in Amagansett, New York, discovered the first landing of German saboteurs in Operation Pastorius. Cullen was the first American who actually came in contact with the enemy on the shores of the United States during the war and his report led to the capture of the German sabotage team. For this, Cullen received the Legion of Merit.

A beautiful condition World War II Navy ship’s azimuth telescope manufactured by Wollensak Optical Company.  This is a Mark V (5) Model 1 number 787 inspected by HTM.  Wollensak Optical Company of Rochester, New York made this unit in 1943 for the Navy’s bureau of ordnance.  Optics are completely clear and the unit looks unused.  Comes with everything you see which was in the box.  There are two objective end sun filters and an eyepiece cap, a spring and another sun filter which may not belong with this scope.  Box is in great condition as well.

M1 Combat Helmet with a M1C Westinghouse liner. Overseas Cap with a Para/Glder Cap patch. Small Plaque that reads "Third Place Division Carbine Shoot Berlin 1945". Also in the lot is the white silk chut from a German Parachute as well as the Pop Chute, This lot came from the same family as the next lot in the catalog. Excellent.

Stellar grouping of a single family over three conflicts, WW1, WWII and the Vietnam War. The grouping consists of a large archive of letters by members of the Eroh family including Henry L. Eroh of WW1, Charles W. Eroh who was Killed in Action on March 21st, 1943 while serving with the Army, Eugene F. Eroh of the United States Coast Guard in WWII, Philip H. Eroh of the US Navy, and David C. Eroh who served in Vietnam. The large framed set was acquired by Carol Eroh in the who was the family historian. The frame measures 25 X 39 inches with items from four family members. The letters have been placed in more modern envelopes and bundled together with a synopsis of the letters written to the outside of the envelopes mostly from Phil to Gene or vice versa. Also has several letter written by Charles before his death in March of 1943.  Lastly a large Hometown vinyl banner with the image of Charles Eroh

WWII US Army Air Corps Photo Album containing several Nose Art photos during the Pacific Theater of Operation. The absolute best thing about the album are several pages of a USO show with several candid photos of the late Great Bob Hope, Frances Langford, Patricia Morison, Tony Romano, Jerry Colonna and many others. There is a total of over 250 photos in excellent condition.

The field shoe was introduced in 1941 to provide Marines with a more durable shoe for use in the field. During the interwar years the polished, cordovan, leather soled shoe was utilized for both field and garrison duty. Designed primarily for style and comfort, the cordovan shoe featured a full lining, leather outsoles, a highly polished exterior complete with toe cap and brogue holes; features that weren't necessarily ideal for rough terrain. The new field shoe reintroduced rough out uppers, a feature which hadn't been used on a general issue shoe since WWI, and full rubber outsoles and heels. These two principle features enabled the shoe to better resist moisture and increase its wear in the field - vast improvements over the cordovan shoe. Later, the Army and Navy would adopt field shoes with similar characteristics. These rough out shoes are in mint condition and are size marked 11B and dated 1943.

Four Chaplains Medal. Medal is about two and a half inches tall and two inches wide. Has an upswept wing eagle on front and the names of the four Chaplains that were killed in a U-Boat attack presented to the families of the four Army chaplains who gave up their life jackets to other soldiers in the sinking of the troop transport Dorchester in the North Atlantic in early 1943. Neck ribbon is blue and black ribbed silk like material. Also known as the Chaplain's Medal Of Honor and Chaplains Medal For Heroism. MINT!

Rare, throttle forward and Reverse Control for the LCVP Higgins Boat measuring 18 inches in length. Excellent  The landing craft, vehicle, personnel (LCVP) or Higgins boat was a landing craft used extensively by the Allied forces in amphibious landings in World War II. Typically constructed from plywood, this shallow-draft, barge-like boat could ferry a roughly platoon-sized complement of 36 men to shore at 12 knots (14 mph; 22 km/h). Men generally entered the boat by climbing down a cargo net hung from the side of their troop transport; they exited by charging down the boat's lowered bow ramp. Designer Andrew Higgins based it on boats made for operating in swamps and marshes. More than 23,358 were built, by Higgins Industries and licensees. Taking the last letter of the LCVP designation, sailors often nicknamed the Higgins Boat the "Papa Boat" or "Peter Boat" to differentiate it from other landing craft such as the LCU and the LCM, with the LCM being called the "Mike Boat". History: Andrew Higgins started out in the lumber business, but gradually moved into boat building, which became his sole operation after the lumber transport company he was running entered bankruptcy in 1930. Many sources say his boats were intended for use by trappers and oil-drillers; occasionally, some sources imply or even say that Higgins intended to sell the boats to individuals intending to smuggle illegal liquor into the United States. Higgins' financial difficulties, and his association with the U.S. military, occurred around the time Prohibition was repealed, which would have ruined his market in the rum-running sector; the U.S. Navy's interest in the boats was, in any case, providential, though Higgins proved unable to manage his company's good fortune. The United States Marine Corps was always interested in finding better ways to get men across a beach in an amphibious landing. They were frustrated that the Navy's Bureau of Construction and Repair could not meet its requirements and began to express interest in Higgins' boat. When tested in 1938 by the Navy and Marine Corps, Higgins' Eureka boat surpassed the performance of a Navy-designed boat and was tested by the services during fleet landing exercises in February 1939. Satisfactory in most respects, the boat's major drawback appeared to be that equipment had to be unloaded, and men disembarked, over the sides, thus exposing them to enemy fire in combat situations and making unloading time-consuming and complex. However, that was the best available boat design, and it was put into production and service as the landing craft, personnel (large), abbreviated as LCP(L). The LCP(L) had two machine gun positions at the bow. The LCP(L), also commonly called the "Higgins" boat, was supplied to the British (from October 1940), to whom it was initially known as the "R-boat" and used for commando raids. The Japanese had been using ramp-bowed landing boats like Daihatsu-class landing craft in the Second Sino-Japanese War since the summer of 1937—boats that had come under intense scrutiny by Navy and Marine Corps observers at the Battle of Shanghai in particular, including from future general, Victor H. Krulak. When Krulak showed Higgins a picture and suggested that Higgins develop a version of the ramped craft for the Navy, Higgins, at his own expense, started his designers working on adapting the idea to the boat design. He then had three of the craft built, again at his own expense. On May 26, 1941, Commander Ross Daggett, from the Navy Bureau of Ships, and Major Ernest Linsert, of the Marine Corps Equipment Board, witnessed the testing of the three craft. Tests involved off-loading a truck and the embarking and disembarking of 36 Higgins employees, simulating troops. Early models were designated Landing Craft, Personnel (Ramp) or LCP(R). The LCP(R) was used in beach landings in North Africa and at Guadalcanal, Salerno and Tarawa. The Landing Craft, Personnel (Ramp) craft later was superseded in production by the LCVP—Landing Craft Vehicle, Personnel. During the war, 2,193 LCP(L) and 2,631 LCP(R) were built compared to 23,358 LCVP. By D-Day the LCVP had replaced the LCP(R).

Commander Degree Legion of Merit. The Legion of Merit (LOM) is a military award of the United States Armed Forces that is given for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements. The decoration is issued to members of the eight uniformed services of the United States as well as to military and political figures of foreign governments. The Legion of Merit (Commander degree) is one of only two United States military decorations to be issued as a neck order (the other being the Medal of Honor), and the only United States military decoration that may be issued in degrees (much like an order of chivalry or certain Orders of Merit), although the degrees including a neck ribbon are only awarded to non-U.S. nationals. The Commander Degree of the Legion of Merit Medal is, on a wreath of green laurel joined at the bottom by a gold bow-knot (rosette), a five-pointed white star bordered crimson, points reversed with v-shaped extremities tipped with a gold ball. In the center, a blue disk encircled by gold clouds, with 13 white stars arranged in the pattern that appears on the Great Seal of the United States. Between each star point, within the wreath, are crossed war arrows pointing outwards, representing armed protection to the Nation. The overall width is 2+1/4 inches (57 mm). A gold laurel wreath in the v-shaped angle at the top connects an oval suspension ring to the neck ribbon that is 1+15/16 inches (49 mm) in width. The reverse of the five-pointed star is enameled in white, and the border is crimson. In the center, a disk for engraving the name of the recipient surrounded by the words "ANNUIT COEPTIS MDCCLXXXII": a combination of the motto from the Great Seal, "He [God] Has Favored Our Undertakings", with the date for the first award of a US decoration, the Purple Heart. An outer scroll contains the words "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA." A miniature of the decoration in silver on a horizontal silver bar is worn on the service ribbon. The neck ribbon for the degree of Commander is 1+15/16 inches (49 mm) wide and consists of the following stripes: 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) white 67101; center 1+13/16 inches (46 mm) crimson and 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) white. Excellent.

WWII US Army Silver Star that is numbered on the lower arm of the Silver Star 111500. This decoration comes with it's original silk ribbon and full wrapped brooch. Medal is in near mint condition. HistoryThe Silver Star Medal (SSM) is the successor award to the "Citation Star" (?3/16 silver star) which was established by an Act of Congress on July 9, 1918, during World War I. On July 19, 1932, the Secretary of War approved the conversion of the "Citation Star" to the SSM with the original "Citation Star" incorporated into the center of the medal. Authorization for the Silver Star Medal was placed into law by an Act of Congress for the U.S. Navy on August 7, 1942, and an Act of Congress for the U.S. Army on December 15, 1942. The current statutory authorization for the medal is Title 10 of the United States Code, 10 U.S.C. § 3746 for the U.S. Army, 10 U.S.C. § 8746 for the U.S. Air Force, and 10 U.S.C. § 6244 for the U.S. Navy. The U.S. Army and Air Force award the medal as the "Silver Star". The U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard continue to award the medal as the "Silver Star Medal". Since 21 December 2016, the Department of Defense (DoD) refers to the decoration as the Silver Star Medal.Award criteriaThe Silver Star Medal is awarded for gallantry, so long as the action does not justify the award of one of the next higher valor awards: the Distinguished Service Cross, the Navy Cross, the Air Force Cross, or the Coast Guard Cross. The gallantry displayed must have taken place while in action against an enemy of the United States, while engaged in military operations involving conflict with an opposing foreign force, or while serving with friendly foreign forces engaged in an armed conflict against an opposing armed force in which the United States is not a belligerent party. The Silver Star Medal is awarded for singular acts of valor or heroism over a brief period, such as one or two days of a battle. Air Force pilots and combat systems officers and Navy/Marine Corps naval aviators and flight officers flying fighter aircraft, are often considered eligible to receive the Silver Star upon becoming an ace (i.e., having five or more confirmed aerial kills), which entails the pilot and, in multi-seat fighters, the weapons system officer or radar intercept officer, intentionally and successfully risking his life multiple times under combat conditions and emerging victorious. However, during the Vietnam War, the last conflict to produce U.S. fighter aces: an Air Force pilot and two navigators/weapon systems officers (who were later retrained as Air Force pilots), a naval aviator and a naval flight officer/radar intercept officer who had achieved this distinction, were eventually awarded the Air Force Cross and Navy Cross, respectively, in addition to SSMs previously awarded for earlier aerial kills.Unit award equivalentAir Force – Gallant Unit CitationArmy – Valorous Unit AwardCoast Guard – Coast Guard Unit CommendationNavy-Marine Corps – Navy Unit Commendation

WWII issue US Navy / US Marine Corps Silver Star. Silver Star has the correct wrapped brooch and is in mint condition. History: The Silver Star Medal (SSM) is the successor award to the "Citation Star" (?3/16 silver star) which was established by an Act of Congress on July 9, 1918, during World War I. On July 19, 1932, the Secretary of War approved the conversion of the "Citation Star" to the SSM with the original "Citation Star" incorporated into the center of the medal. Authorization for the Silver Star Medal was placed into law by an Act of Congress for the U.S. Navy on August 7, 1942, and an Act of Congress for the U.S. Army on December 15, 1942. The current statutory authorization for the medal is Title 10 of the United States Code, 10 U.S.C. § 3746 for the U.S. Army, 10 U.S.C. § 8746 for the U.S. Air Force, and 10 U.S.C. § 6244 for the U.S. Navy. The U.S. Army and Air Force award the medal as the "Silver Star". The U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard continue to award the medal as the "Silver Star Medal". Since 21 December 2016, the Department of Defense (DoD) refers to the decoration as the Silver Star Medal.Award criteriaThe Silver Star Medal is awarded for gallantry, so long as the action does not justify the award of one of the next higher valor awards: the Distinguished Service Cross, the Navy Cross, the Air Force Cross, or the Coast Guard Cross. The gallantry displayed must have taken place while in action against an enemy of the United States, while engaged in military operations involving conflict with an opposing foreign force, or while serving with friendly foreign forces engaged in an armed conflict against an opposing armed force in which the United States is not a belligerent party. The Silver Star Medal is awarded for singular acts of valor or heroism over a brief period, such as one or two days of a battle. Air Force pilots and combat systems officers and Navy/Marine Corps naval aviators and flight officers flying fighter aircraft, are often considered eligible to receive the Silver Star upon becoming an ace (i.e., having five or more confirmed aerial kills), which entails the pilot and, in multi-seat fighters, the weapons system officer or radar intercept officer, intentionally and successfully risking his life multiple times under combat conditions and emerging victorious.[8] However, during the Vietnam War, the last conflict to produce U.S. fighter aces: an Air Force pilot and two navigators/weapon systems officers (who were later retrained as Air Force pilots), a naval aviator and a naval flight officer/radar intercept officer who had achieved this distinction, were eventually awarded the Air Force Cross and Navy Cross, respectively, in addition to SSMs previously awarded for earlier aerial kills.

Lot of two US Air Corps Transport Document Bags. These are in overall excellent condition with little signs of age or use. These measure approximately 28 x 17 1/2 inches. Clearly stamped "Transport Bag."

The cotton poplin shell exterior of the coat is in excellent condition and named to Jeanne E Betcher. The waist belt is present, as are the adjustable cuff straps. Overall the trench coat is in excellent condition and roughly a size 14.

Lot of three, WWII Propaganda War Bond posters titled Buying a Bond is No Sacrifice. A young mother holds her son after reading that her husband is missing in battle overseas fighting in WWII. This powerful design emphasizes the importance for all citizens to purchase war bonds to help finance the war effort. It was created by Xavier Gonzalez (1898 - 1993). Gonzalez was born in Spain and emigrated to the United States in 1925. He studied at the Art Institute of Chicago, and his works can be seen in prestigious museums such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art and Whitney Museum. His WPA-era murals are present throughout the American South. These are Original Vintage Posters and not reproductions measuring 20 X 14 and near MINT!

WWII B-2 Bomber cap. These were issued to bomber crews for wear at high altitude and became an iconic piece of American headgear for World War II aviators. Leather cap with sheepskin lining, leather brim, and fold-down earflaps. Size tag says its 7 1/4, and leather is supple and pliable. Excellent

Stellar WWII Theater Made US Army Air Corps CBI Bush Jacket that has direct embroidered insignia to include Pilot Wings US and Wing and Prop devices as well as 2nd Lieutenant bars. To the shoulders are theater made patches to include CBI China Burma India and Army Air Corps SSI. The jacket is roughly a size 38 and in excellent condition. China Burma India Theater (CBI) was the United States military designation during World War II for the China and Southeast Asian or India–Burma (IBT) theaters. Operational command of Allied forces (including U.S. forces) in the CBI was officially the responsibility of the Supreme Commanders for South East Asia or China. In practice, U.S. forces were usually overseen by General Joseph Stilwell, the Deputy Allied Commander in China; the term "CBI" was significant in logistical, material and personnel matters; it was and is commonly used within the US for these theaters. U.S. and Chinese fighting forces in the CBI included the Chinese Expeditionary Force, the Flying Tigers, transport and bomber units flying the Hump, including the Tenth Air Force, the 1st Air Commando Group, the engineers who built the Ledo Road, the 5307th Composite Unit (Provisional), popularly known as "Merrill's Marauders", and the 5332d Brigade, Provisional or 'Mars Task Force', which assumed the Marauders' mission. U.S. strategy for China: Japanese policy towards China had long been a source of international controversy. Western powers had exploited China through the open door policy, advocated by United States diplomat William Woodville Rockhill, while Japan intervened more directly, creating the puppet-state of Manchukuo. By 1937, Japan was engaged in a full-scale war of conquest in China. The infamous Rape of Nanking galvanized Western opinion and led to direct financial aid for the Kuomintang (Nationalists) and increasing economic sanctions against Japan. In 1941, the U.S. made a series of decisions to support China in its war with Japan: Lend Lease supplies were provided after President Franklin D. Roosevelt announced the defense of China to be vital to the defense of the United States. Over the summer, as Japan moved south into French Indo-China, the U.S., Britain and the Netherlands instituted an oil embargo on Japan, cutting off 90% of its supplies. The embargo threatened the operations of the Kwantung Army, which had over a million soldiers deployed in China. Japan responded with a tightly coordinated offensive on 7/8 December, simultaneously attacking Pearl Harbor, the Philippines, Malaya, Singapore, Hong Kong, Guam, Wake Island, and Thailand. Japan cut off Allied supplies to China that had been coming through Burma. China could be supplied only by flying over the Himalaya mountains ("The Hump") from India, or capturing territory in Burma and building a new road—the Ledo Road. Burma: In 1941 and 1942, Japan was overextended. Its naval base could not defend its conquests, and its industrial base could not strengthen its navy. To cut off China from Allied aid, it went into Burma and captured Rangoon on 8 March 1942, cutting off the Burma Road. Moving north, the Japanese took Tounggoo and captured Lashio in northern Burma on 29 April. The British, primarily concerned with India, looked to Burma as the main theater of action against Japan and wanted Chinese troops to fight there. The United States conjured up visions of millions of Chinese soldiers who would hold the Japanese then throw them back, while providing close-in airbases for a systematic firebombing of Japanese cities. Chinese Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek realized it was all fantasy. On the other hand, there were vast sums of American dollars available if he collaborated. He did so and managed to feed his starving soldiers, but they were so poorly equipped and led that offensive operations against the Japanese in China were impossible. However, Chiang did release Chinese_Expeditionary_Force of two Chinese armies for action in Burma under Stilwell. Due to conflicts between Chiang, the British, Stilwell, and American General Claire Chennault, as well as general ill-preparedness against the more proficient Japanese army, the Burma defense collapsed. Stilwell escaped to India, but the recovery of Burma and construction of the Ledo Road to supply China became a new obsession for him. "On April 14, 1942, William Donovan, as Coordinator of Information (forerunner of the Office of Strategic Services), activated Detachment 101 for action behind enemy lines in Burma. The first unit of its kind, the Detachment was charged with gathering intelligence, harassing the Japanese through guerrilla actions, identifying targets for the Army Air Force to bomb, and rescuing downed Allied airmen. Because Detachment 101 was never larger than a few hundred Americans, it relied on support from various tribal groups in Burma. In particular, the vigorously anti-Japanese Kachin people were vital to the unit's success."  Detachment 101's efforts opened the way for Stilwell's Chinese forces, Wingate's Raiders, Merrill's Marauders, and the counter-attack against the Japanese Imperial life-line. Allied command structureU.S. and Allied land forces: US forces in the CBI were administered by General Joseph "Vinegar Joe" Stilwell. However, unlike other combat theaters, for example the European Theater of Operations, the CBI was never a "theater of operations" and did not have an overall operational command structure. Initially U.S. land units were split. Those in China were technically commanded by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, as Stillwell was Chief of Staff to the Supreme Allied Commander in China. When the GALAHAD force (later to become the 5307th Composite Unit (Provisional)) arrived in Bombay in October 1943, it came under the British-led South East Asia Command (SEAC) and Admiral Lord Mountbatten. However, Stilwell often broke the chain of command and communicated directly with the US Joint Chiefs of Staff on operational matters. When joint allied command was agreed upon, it was decided that the senior position should be held by a British officer because the British had the greatest number of forces in India and Burma (in much the same way as the US did in the Pacific War). Admiral Lord Mountbatten was appointed as the Supreme Allied Commander of South-East Asia forces in October 1943. Chiang however later objected to deferring to Mountbatten on matters related to operations in China. General Stilwell, who also had operational command of the Northern Combat Area Command (NCAC), a US-Chinese formation, was to report in theory to Gen. George Giffard – commander of Eleventh Army Group – so that NCAC and the British Fourteenth Army, under the command of General William Slim, could be co-ordinated. However, in practice, Gen. Stilwell never agreed to this arrangement. Stilwell was able to do this because of his multiple positions within complex command structures, including especially his simultaneous positions of Deputy Supreme Allied Commander South East Asia, and Chief of Staff to Chinese leader Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. As SEAC's deputy leader, Stilwell was Giffard's superior, but as operational commander of NCAC, Giffard was Stilwell's superior. As the two men did not get on, this inevitably lead to conflict and confusion. Stilwell, however, bitterly resisted [taking orders from Giffard] ... To watch Stilwell, when hard pressed, shift his opposition from one of the several strong-points he held by virtue of his numerous Allied, American and Chinese offices, to another was a lesson in mobile offensive-defence.— William Slim Eventually at a SEAC meeting to sort out the chain of command for NCAC, Stilwell astonished everyone by saying "I am prepared to come under General Slim's operational control until I get to Kamaing". Although far from ideal, this compromise was accepted. Although Stilwell was the control and co-ordinating point for all command activity in the theater, his assumption of personal direction of the advance of the Chinese Ledo forces into north Burma in late 1943 meant that he was often out of touch with both his own headquarters and with the overall situation. Not until late 1944, after Stilwell was recalled to Washington, was the chain of command clarified. His overall role, and the CBI command, was then split among three people: Lt Gen. Raymond Wheeler became Deputy Supreme Allied Commander South East Asia; Major-General Albert Wedemeyer became Chief of Staff to Chiang Kai-shek, and commander of US Forces, China Theater (USFCT). Lt Gen. Daniel Sultan was promoted, from deputy commander of CBI to commander of US Forces, India–Burma Theater (USFIBT) and commander of the NCAC. The 11th Army Group was redesignated Allied Land Forces South East Asia (ALFSEA), and NCAC was decisively placed under this formation. However, by the time the last phase of the Burma Campaign began in earnest, NCAC had become irrelevant, and it was dissolved in early 1945. U.S. Army and Allied Air Forces: After consultation among the Allied governments, Air Command South-East Asia was formed in November 1943 to control all Allied air forces in the theater, with Air Chief Marshal Sir Richard Peirse as Commander-in-Chief. Under Peirse's deputy, USAAF Major General George E. Stratemeyer, Eastern Air Command (EAC) was organized in 1943 to control Allied air operations in Burma, with headquarters in Calcutta. Unlike the strained relations and confusion with Allied ground force commands, air force operations in the CBI were relatively smooth. Relations improved even further after new U.S. military aid began arriving, together with capable USAAF officers such as Brigadier General William D. Old of CBI Troop Carrier Command, and Colonels Philip Cochran and John R. Alison of the 1st Air Commando Group. Within Eastern Air Command, Air Marshal Sir John Baldwin commanded the Third Tactical Air Force, originally formed to provide close air support to the Fourteenth Army. Baldwin was later succeeded by Air Marshal Sir Alec Coryton. U.S. Brigadier-General Howard C. Davidson and later Air Commodore F. J. W. Mellersh commanded the Strategic Air Force. In the new command, various units of the Royal Air Force and the U.S. Tenth Air Force worked side-by-side. In the autumn of 1943 SEAAC had 48 RAF and 17 USAAF squadrons; by the following May, the figures had risen to 64 and 28, respectively. At Eastern Air Command, Gen. Stratemeyer had a status comparable to that of Stilwell. Coordinating the efforts of the various allied air components while maintaining relations with diverse command structures proved a daunting task. Part of Stratemeyer's command, the Tenth Air Force, had been integrated with the RAF Third Tactical Air Force in India in December 1943 and was tasked with a number of roles in support of a variety of allied forces. Another component, the US Fourteenth Air Force in China, was under the jurisdiction of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek as China theater commander. Although the India-China Division of the AAF's Air Transport Command received its tonnage allocations from Stratemeyer as Stilwell's deputy, ICD reported directly to Headquarters ATC in Washington, D.C. In the spring of 1944, the arrival of Boeing B-29 Superfortresses in the theater, presaged a major offensive against Japan. XX Bomber Command of the Twentieth Air Force was tasked with the strategic bombing of Japan under Operation Matterhorn. It engaged in very-long-range Boeing B-29 Superfortress bombardment operations against Japan, Formosa, China, Indochina and Burma. It reported directly to the Joint Chiefs of Staff in Washington, D.C., and had no command relationship with any authority in India. However, XX Bomber Command remained totally dependent on Eastern Air Command for supplies, bases, ground staff, and infrastructure support. The B-29 force included the 1st Photo Squadron, and the 58th Bombardment Wing at Chakulia, Kharagpur, with the 40th (Chakulia Airport), 444th, 462nd, and 468th Bombardment Groups. While in India, XX BC was supported logistically by Tenth Air Force and the India-China Division, Air Transport Command. The B-29 groups moved to West Field, Tinian, in early 1945. After a period of reshuffling, Eastern Air Command's air operations began to show results. In August 1944, Admiral Mountbatten said to a press conference that EAC fighter missions had practically swept the Japanese air force from Burmese skies. Between the formation of ACSEA in November 1943, and the middle of August 1944, American and British forces operating in Burma destroyed or damaged more than 700 Japanese aircraft with a further 100 aircraft probably destroyed. This achievement considerably reduced dangers to Air Transport Command cargo planes flying in support of the Hump airlift operation. By May 1944, EAC resupply missions in support of the Allied ground offensive had carried 70,000 tons of supplies and transported a total of 93,000 men, including 25,500 casualties evacuated from the battle areas. These figures did not include tonnage flown in the Hump airlift missions to China.

C/D map used during the battle of D-Day. Side C features Holland,. Belgium, (except west coast) France (North East), Germany (West & Central). SIde D features France (South East) Germany (South West), Switzerland (Except South East). The inset on side D is of Belgium & Germany (New Frontier). Measures approximately 28" x 29". Overall excellent condition with no rips, tears, or stains and only the expected folds.

WWII Escape Evasion Silk Map Kit with Rare F Pack Pouch for Pilots Flight Crew & Army Paratroopers that is still sealed. The waterproof pouch measures 5 3/4 X 6 1/2 inches. to the obverse "F" If this packet is found it must be handled in to the nearest Police Station at once. the reverse MARK III. Excellent.

WWII Escape Evasion Silk Map Kit with Rare C/D E/F Pack Pouch for Pilots Flight Crew & Army Paratroopers that is still sealed. The waterproof pouch measures 5 3/4 X 6 1/2 inches. to the obverse "C/D/ E/F MAPS ONLY" Excellent.

WWII Escape Evasion Silk Map Kit with Rare C/D E/F Pack Pouch for Pilots Flight Crew & Army Paratroopers. The waterproof pouch measures 5 3/4 X 6 1/2 inches. to the obverse "C/D/ E/F MAPS ONLY" Excellent.

WWII Escape Evasion Silk Map C/E for Pilots Flight Crew & Army Paratroopers. Map is mint and is in excellent condition. Also in the lot is a WWII US Army Taylor Compass Bakelite Match Safe USAAF with a compass lid. Lastly a rare British WWII MI9 Escape & Evasion Map H2 and D. The Rayon double sided map is approximately 18 inches by 23-1/2 inches. Excellent condition.

These original artist renderings are from the 1930's and early 1940's and were the proof designs for the unit's themselves. They are all on heavy card stock measuring 11 X 14 inches and complete original period proofs of the units to include 1) USS SARATOGA (CV-3) INSIGNIA CIRCA 1928. USS Saratoga (CV-3) was a Lexington-class aircraft carrier built for the United States Navy during the 1920s. Originally designed as a battlecruiser, she was converted into one of the Navy's first aircraft carriers during construction to comply with the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922. The ship entered service in 1928 and was assigned to the Pacific Fleet for her entire career. Saratoga and her sister ship, Lexington, were used to develop and refine carrier tactics in a series of annual exercises before World War II. On more than one occasion these exercises included successful surprise attacks on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. She was one of three prewar US fleet aircraft carriers, along with Enterprise and Ranger, to serve throughout World War II. Shortly after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Saratoga was the centerpiece of the unsuccessful American effort to relieve Wake Island and was torpedoed by a Japanese submarine a few weeks later. After lengthy repairs, the ship supported forces participating in the Guadalcanal Campaign and her aircraft sank the light carrier Ryujo during the Battle of the Eastern Solomons in August 1942. She was again torpedoed the following month and returned to the Solomon Islands area after repairs were completed. In 1943, Saratoga supported Allied forces involved in the New Georgia Campaign and invasion of Bougainville in the northern Solomon Islands and her aircraft twice attacked the Japanese base at Rabaul in November. Early in 1944, her aircraft provided air support during the Gilbert and Marshall Islands Campaign before she was transferred to the Indian Ocean for several months to support the British Eastern Fleet as it attacked targets in Java and Sumatra. After a brief refit in mid-1944, the ship became a training ship for the rest of the year. In early 1945, Saratoga participated in the Battle of Iwo Jima as a dedicated night fighter carrier. Several days into the battle, she was badly damaged by kamikaze hits and was forced to return to the United States for repairs. While under repair, the ship, now increasingly obsolete, was permanently modified as a training carrier with some of her hangar deck converted into classrooms. Saratoga remained in this role for the rest of the war and was then used to ferry troops back to the United States after the Japanese surrender in August, as a part of Operation Magic Carpet. In mid-1946, the ship was a target for nuclear weapon tests during Operation Crossroads. She survived the first test with little damage, but was sunk by a second test. 2) USS YORKTOWN (CV-5) INSIGNIA CIRCA 1939. USS Yorktown (CV-5) was an aircraft carrier that served in the United States Navy during World War II. Named after the Battle of Yorktown in 1781, she was commissioned in 1937. Yorktown was the lead ship of the Yorktown class, which was designed on the basis of lessons learned from operations with the converted battlecruisers of the Lexington class and the smaller purpose-built USS Ranger. Yorktown was at port in Norfolk during the attack on Pearl Harbor, having just completed a patrol of the Atlantic Ocean. She then sailed to San Diego in late December 1941 and was incorporated as the flagship of Task Force 17. Together with the carrier Lexington, she successfully attacked Japanese shipping off the east coast of New Guinea in early March 1942. Her aircraft sank or damaged several warships supporting the invasion of Tulagi in early May. Yorktown rendezvoused with Lexington in the Coral Sea and attempted to stop the invasion of Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. They sank the light aircraft carrier Shoho on 7 May during the Battle of the Coral Sea, but did not encounter the main Japanese force of the carriers Shokaku and Zuikaku until the next day. Aircraft from Lexington and Yorktown badly damaged Shokaku, but the Japanese aircraft critically damaged Lexington, which was later scuttled, and severely damaged Yorktown. Despite the damage suffered, Yorktown was able to return to Hawaii. Although estimates were that the damage would take two weeks to repair, Yorktown put to sea only 72 hours after entering drydock at Pearl Harbor, which meant that she was available for the next confrontation with the Japanese. Yorktown played an important part in the Battle of Midway in early June. Yorktown's aircraft played crucial roles in crippling two Japanese fleet carriers. Yorktown also absorbed both Japanese aerial counterattacks at Midway which otherwise would have been directed at the carriers USS Enterprise and Hornet. On 4 June, during the battle, Japanese aircraft from the aircraft carrier Hiryu crippled Yorktown after two attacks. She lost all power and developed a 23-degree list to port. Salvage efforts on Yorktown were encouraging, and she was taken in tow by USS Vireo. On 6 June, the Japanese submarine I-168 fired a salvo of torpedoes, two of which struck Yorktown, and a third sinking the destroyer USS Hammann, which had been providing auxiliary power to Yorktown. With further salvage efforts deemed hopeless, the remaining repair crews were evacuated from Yorktown, which sank on 7 June. The wreck of Yorktown was located in 1998 by Robert Ballard. 3) VP-24 MARINE CORPS UNIT INSIGNIA. Although no official letter of approval by CNO exists in the records for the VP-24/VPB-24 insignia, BuAer sent the insignia for VPB-12 (the prior unit designation) to National Geographic to be included in its publication, Insignia and Decorations of the U.S. Armed Forces, Revised Edition, December 1, 1944, which appears on page 180. Since night operations were much too dangerous to involve large numbers of aircraft, a decision was made to use unorthodox methods to harass the Japanese. They came up with the idea of using the PBY, which was found that after some aircraft modification and daring by the crew, might be the perfect answer. The most visible modification made was its color. From nose to tail every part of the plane was painted matte black. Even the national emblem was darkened (later reversed) to prevent a target for searchlights to focus on. Later on, to keep with the moniker, some sported eyes and whiskers daubed on the nose. For electronics, radars and radio altimeters were installed to ensure navigational safety, and weapons of various types were hung under the wings. Now, with their once clumsy looking ocean blue albatrosses looking more like menacing vultures, the first official Black Cat missions commenced in December flown by crews from Navy squadron VP-12 under Commander Clarence Taff. They were an immediate hit. Flying all night, soaring slowly alone or in small groups, above the dark waters they dipped down to ship mast height, to bomb and torpedo Japanese vessels of all shapes and sizes, as searchlights and tracer bullets swept the skies in vain trying to find the lumbering birds unseen, save for the deep chop of their engines. With their greatest ally, the darkness, stolen from them the Japanese would watch in horror as one random ship, and then another, exploded in a blinding mass of flame and oily smoke that seemed to occur almost every night and at the beckon of those engines. Not content, Black Cats also worked their magic against islands, terrorizing the enemy as America’s response to ‘Washing Machine Charlie. This was a nickname pinned on a lone Japanese night raider who had frequented Henderson field, dropping bombs, hitting nothing but keeping nerves on edge. The Black Cats felt obliged to return the favor, so they visited different airfields dropping bombs of all sizes, as well as beer bottles with razors in the neck to make them scream as they fell. One pilot even dropped hand grenades, door knobs, chains and even shrapnel from an exploded Japanese bomb to rattle the cages of those below. In missions like these, they would make 4 successive runs in half hour intervals over the target before they got rid of everything carried. To say they deprived the enemy of sleep or work when doing this was an understatement. The Black Cats knew, though, they had little defense should a fighter be nearby, so they developed tactics to keep their vulnerable planes from getting tracked by roaming patrols. The best moves, they found, was low over land and near wave top level over water. This latter technique was especially effective as it confused an enemy’s depth perception. Since the Cat was nearly invisible against a dark ocean it took an almost suicidal pilot to dive on it unaware of where the Cat’s silhouette ended and the water began. Chronology of VP-24/VPB-24: 7 Dec 1941: The squadron’s six aircraft were among the few spared during the attack on Pearl Harbor. Its planes were conducting joint submarine exercises off the coast of Hawaii when the attack came; the crews were subsequently given sectors by radio to conduct searches for the attacking Japanese forces. Having made no enemy contact, the squadron returned to NAS Ford Island to begin the cleanup and restoration of its devastated facilities. 31 May 1942: VP-24 was directed to send one PBY-5A and three crews in a detachment to Midway Island. The detachment was involved in the Battle of Midway, the next day. The group remained on Midway until 17 July 1942, when it returned to NAS Pearl Harbor. 21 Sep 1942: A three-plane detachment was sent to Espiritu Santo, with tender support by Curtiss (AV 4). 1 Oct 1942: VP-24 transferred it assets and personnel back to NAS Kaneohe. Five PBY-5A aircraft were traded to VP-23 for nonamphibian PBY-5s before the move, since the amphibian version would not be needed in the South Pacific, where VP-24 was soon to be sent. Most of the squadron’s coming operations would be based afloat, serviced by seaplane tenders. Many of the flight crews actually preferred the older PBY-5, as they felt that the retractable gear of the newer PBY-5A added to the weight of the aircraft, reducing power and range.1 Nov 1942: Two additional aircraft were sent to Espiritu Santo to supplement the original detachment, bringing it up to six operational planes. 1 Feb 1943: The remainder of VP-24 began to transfer by detachments to Espiritu Santo. The transfers were completed by April.30 Mar 1943: VP-24 conducted Dumbo missions for the forces taking part in the New Georgia campaign, concluding on 29 September 1943. This was the first time that an entire squadron had assumed Dumbo work as its primary duty. The squadron rescued or evacuated 466 men during the campaign. 29 Sep 1943: Preparations were made to depart the island of Espiritu Santo for return to NAS Kaneohe and eventual return to the United States. 7 Dec 1943: VP-24 was given home leave while administrative details covering reforming of the squadron and reassignment of personnel were undertaken. Training of new personnel and reforming of the squadron began at NAS San Diego, Calif., on 1 January 1944. In mid-March all of the squadron aircraft were given coats of flat black paint, dropable wing tanks were attached, and improvements in radar and flight instruments were made. 27 Mar 1944: VP-24 made its second transpac to NAS Kaneohe, Hawaii. Upon arrival combat patrols and training missions were conducted concurrently. 9 May 1944: Lieutenant (jg) Wade Hampton was lost with his entire crew while on patrol. His last reported message gave a position 150 miles from Midway. 11 Jun 1944: The squadron arrived at the island of Majuro in the Marshalls chain. Typical Black Cat night bombing missions were conducted, along with more mundane Dumbo and patrol missions. 27 Jun 1944: Lieutenant (jg) Mancini attempted to land in rough seas to rescue a downed fighter pilot one mile from a Japanese-held island. Both engines broke off on impact and the hull of the aircraft split in two. The entire crew managed to get into life rafts, and joined the fighter pilot in awaiting rescue. Fortunately, a destroyer had overheard the message from the aircraft and rushed to the scene in time to rescue the aircrews before they washed ashore on the island. 1 October 1944: VP-24 was redesignated VPB-24 while based at Majuro. Duties remained essentially the same during this period. 10 October 1944: A detachment of three aircraft and crews was formed and sent to Eniwetok to provide Dumbo coverage for air operations in the area. On 19 October the squadron was broken down into smaller one-and two-aircraft detachments that were sent to Apamama, Makin, Tarawa, Roi, Saipan and Guam. Through 1 December 1944, the squadron rescued 25 aircrew without surface assistance. 28 October 1944: Ensign Troy C. Beavers received a call to medevac a crew member of an LCI who had a suspected case of acute appendicitis. Beavers landed near the ship and loaded the patient aboard. During the liftoff a rogue wave struck the starboard float, ripping off the wing. The crew and patient exited the aircraft before it sank and were picked up by the LCI. 23 January 1945: The VPB-24 detachments were reformed with two aircraft at Eniwetok, four at Kwajalein, one at Tarawa and one at Roi. 1 February 1945: The various detachments of the squadron reformed on Majuro to conduct missions in support of the psychological warfare campaign against defending Japanese forces on the island of Wotje. Additional duties included continuing Dumbo missions. 25 April 1945: VPB-24 was relieved at Majuro Atoll by VH-5. Elements of the squadron proceeded to NAS Kaneohe Bay for transport back to the United States. 1 May 1945: The personnel of the squadron loaded aboard USS Hollandia for transport to NAS North Island, San Diego, California. 20 June 1945: VPB-24 was disestablished at NAS North Island.4) VMJ-2 UNIT INSIGNIA. 4) VF-3M UNIT INSIGNIA. History: VMFA-232 can trace its lineage back to VF-3M, which was commissioned on 1 September 1925, at Naval Air Station San Diego, California. Originally equipped with Vought VE-7s, the squadron received three of the new Boeing FB-1s in the first part of 1926, allowing them to operate one division of modern aircraft while retaining the older VE-7s for training purposes. With the civil war in China threatening American interests, it was decided to deploy U.S. forces and in November and December 1926, seven additional FB-1s were transferred to VF-3M from VF-1M and VF-2M on the east coast, bringing the squadron's complement to 10 FB-1s. As diplomacy and planning was taking place on the international level, the squadron concentrated on familiarizing itself with their new aircraft and training the influx of new pilots. On 7 April 1927, VF-3M departed San Diego bound for China on the transport USS Henderson, but upon arrival, no airfield was available for operations. After waiting in the Philippines for almost two months, the squadron returned to China and eventually operated from airfields at Tientsin and Hsin-Ho, where they supported the 3rd Brigade. Shortly after setting up camp and starting flight operations, the squadron was redesignated VF-10M on 1 July 1927, the first of many changes in designation caused by the reorganization of naval aviation assets. The mission to China demonstrated that Marine Aviation was vital to the expeditionary role Marine forces were called on to perform and the squadron performed photography, mapping and reconnaissance missions while deployed. Another change in designation occurred while the squadron was still in China, when on 1 July 1928, the squadron was redesignated VF-6M. With its mission in China completed, the squadron withdrew on 3 October 1928, arriving back at San Diego on 31 October 1928, after stops at Guam and Hawaii.  With its return to San Diego, most of the squadron's personnel were transferred to other units and the next year was spent re-organizing and training new personnel as they arrived. In addition to new pilots, several Boeing FB-5s were assigned to the squadron in 1929, the last of the in-line aircraft to be used by Marine squadrons. On 1 July 1930 the squadron was again re-designated, this time reverting to VF-10M, but the most noticeable change was the replacement of the FB-5s with Curtiss F6C-4s, the first radial engine fighters the squadron would be assigned. The squadron would operate the F6C-4s for over two years and be awarded the Herbert H. Schiff Cup for aviation safety before they were replaced by factory-fresh Boeing F4B-4s in late 1932, the most advanced biplane fighter in service at that time. In 1932, it was determined that Marine Aviation should be provided with two light bombing squadrons, and on 1 July 1933, VF-10M became VB-4M, and was re-equipped with Boeing F4B-3s, a move considered a step back by members of the squadron. Participation in the Los Angeles National Air Races and annual Fleet Exercises were part of the routine that marked the squadron's activity in the early 1930s. In 1935, the squadron received 16 Great Lakes BG-1s, large two-place dive bombers that would equip the squadron for over five years. On 1 July 1937, Marine aviation was completely reorganized to conform to Navy requirements, and VB-4M became VMB-2. Still flying the BG-1, the squadron continued to take part in the annual Fleet Exercises, and in December 1940, the squadron began receiving the new Douglas SBD-1, the first mono-plane in Marine Corps service. Arrival of the SBD also marked the first time that the Red Devil insignia was not carried on the squadron's aircraft, even though it was authorized to do so. World War II: With the tension in the Pacific increasing, VMB-2 was deployed to Marine Corps Air Station Ewa, Oahu, Hawaii. Early 1941 also saw the transition from the colorful pre-war scheme to the tactical, and less colorful, light gray scheme, but still the Red Devil insignia was absent. On 1 July 1941, in anticipation of the large expansion marine aviation was about to undergo, VMB-2 became VMSB-232, the designation it carried during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor during which one member of the squadron was killed and nine of the squadron's aircraft were destroyed, with ten more requiring major overhaul. On Wake Island, a Red Devil detachment suffered twenty five enlisted Marines killed or captured while assisting in the defense of the doomed island. On 20 August 1942, the squadron became part of the Cactus Air Force. and flew SBD Dauntlesses from Guadalcanal's 3,000-foot dirt runway Henderson Field. The Red Devils became the first Marine dive bomber squadron to fly against the Japanese. On the evening of 11-12 September, cruisers and destroyers of the Imperial Japanese Navy sailed into Ironbottom Sound and began shelling Henderson Field. Two pilots from VMSB-232 were killed and another two Marines were wounded. The squadron departed Guadalcanal on 12 October 1942, heading for Marine Corps Air Station El Toro, California, where it was redesignated again, this time as Marine Torpedo Bombing Squadron 232 (VMTB-232), flying newly acquired Grumman TBF Avengers. The squadron returned to the Pacific in July 1943 where it was first based in Espiritu Santo. From there it moved to Munda in order to support allied forces during the Bougainville landings in November 1943. For the next few months, the squadron participated in strikes against the isolated Japanese garrison at Rabaul. On 14 February 1944, Avengers from VMTB-232 and VMTB-233 took part in a mission to sow mines in Simpson Harbour at Rabaul. The Grumman TBM Avengers were to fly up in three groups of eight each at the speed of 160 knots to drop their parachute-mines, weighing 1,600 pounds apiece. The first group lost one plane. The commanding officer tried to radio the other TBFs to warn them to turn back but he couldn't make radio contact. The second group lost two planes. The third group was immediately found by searchlight and anti-aircraft guns while flying at 800 feet over the water and had five aircraft shot down. Six planes and eighteen men were lost during the attack. Four of the eighteen men survived the loss of the six TBFs that evening. Of the four, none survived captivity. One was murdered at Tunnel Hill, two died of starvation, disease or medical neglect, and a fourth was murdered by the Japanese Navy some time in April. The next few months would see them move continuously, operating from Piva, Green Island, Emirau and Ulithi. VMTB-232 landed at Kadena on 22 April 1945, and began flying close air support missions three days later and for the rest of the Battle of Okinawa. In July 1945 they began to fly strikes against the Japanese mainland until the surrender of Japan. During its participation in operations throughout World War II, VMTB-232 lost forty-nine Marines and seventeen aircraft. On 16 November 1945, the squadron, one of the few to earn two presidential citations during the war, arrived at San Diego, and was temporarily decommissioned.

These original artist renderings are from the 1930's and early 1940's and were the proof designs for the unit's themselves. They are all on heavy card stock measuring 11 X 14 inches and complete original period proofs of the units to include 1) 1930 VJ-7M and later MAG-21The 2nd Aviation Group was formed at Naval Air Station San Diego in August 1922. They were redesignated Aircraft Squadrons, West Coast Expeditionary Force in July 1926. 8 January 1934 saw another name change, this time to Aircraft Two, Fleet Marine Force. On 1 May 1939, they were redesignated again to the 2nd Marine Aircraft Group. The group was sent overseas to Marine Corps Air Station Ewa, Hawaii in January 1941. There they consolidated with the headquarters of the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing 10 July 1941, and less than a month later they were redesignated Marine Aircraft Group 21. World War II: MAG-21 (6 December 1941) Components: VMF-211, VMF-221, VMO-251, VMSB-231, VMSB-132, VMJ-252. During the 7 December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor MAG-21 suffered 17 casualties and all 21 of its aircraft were destroyed.[5] Squadrons from MAG-21 fought at the Battle of Wake Island, Battle of Midway and as part of the Cactus Air Force during the Battle of Guadalcanal but the group itself remained at MCAS Ewa until February 1943 when they departed for Banika in the Russell Islands. By June 1943, MAG-21's squadrons were fighting large scale operations against Japanese installations in the northern Solomon Islands. The group moved to Efate in November 1943 and remained there until June 1944. Their final destination during the war was on Guam where it was based from August 1944 until the end of the war. The squadron returned to Marine Corps Air Station Miramar in March 1946 with follow on movement to Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina.[3] The group was decommissioned in June 1947. 2) VF-2 UNIT INSIGNIA. VF-2 was established on 1 June 1943, at Naval Air Station Atlantic City. VF-2, known now as the "Rippers," became the first World War II fighting squadron to bear the same designation as a previous unit in the war. Several pilots came from VF-6 and VF-10. The squadron initially deployed 8 FM-1 Wildcats but soon received the Grumman F6F Hellcat. VF-2 trained on the east-coast until October 1943 when the squadron headed west to San Francisco and then Hawaii. In Hawaii, VF-2 participated in a Marine landing exercise and so impressed the influential "Butch" O'Hare that he requested that VF-2 replace VF-6 in his Air Group aboard USS Enterprise. From November 1943 to January 1944, VF-2 saw action during the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign. VF-2 participated in O'Hare-designed "bat teams" of 1 Grumman TBF Avenger and 2 Hellcats for night interceptions. In March 1944, VF-2 deployed aboard USS Hornet. From the Hornet, VF-2 participated in strikes against the Marianas on the afternoon of 11 June 1944. Over 200 F6Fs were launched from American carriers 200 miles (320 km) from their targets of Guam and Rota. VF-2 claimed 23 victories during the attack over the Guam airfield, while squadron aircraft closer to Hornet destroyed 3 Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" medium bombers. A second strike on Guam claimed another 10 Japanese aircraft. VF-2 scored 37 victories and only lost 1 plane. The next day, VF-2 attacked the Bonin Islands and Iwo Jima, only pilots which had not previously scored aerial kills were sent on this mission, claiming 17 kills. Between 19 and 20 June 1944, VF-2 was credited with 47 victories with only 1 airplane damaged beyond repair. On the afternoon of 20 June, Japanese carriers were located approximately 200 miles (320 km) to the west. A strike was ordered with bombs and torpedoes. After the strike, only 6 VF-2 aircraft returned to Hornet, the remaining having landed on other carriers. 5 aircraft were lost at sea. 5 days later, VF-2 claimed 67 kills in 1 day during a sweep of Iwo Jima, losing only 1 F6F Hellcat (an additional one was damaged beyond repair). During the 1943-44 period, VF-2 had conducted 184 strikes and 2050 sorties, destroying 50,000 tons of ships and 216 airborne airplanes and 245 airplanes on the ground. Losses totaled 3 airplanes in aerial combat and 4 to anti-aircraft fire. The lead article in the 23 October 1944 edition of Life magazine highlighted VF-2 in a seven-page spread, featuring pictures of 27 of the unit's Aces including Roy "Butch" Voris, later to become Blue Angel 1 in the original Blue Angels flight demonstration team, Arthur Van Haren, Jr. and Connie Hargreaves and Wilbur "Spider" Webb who each became an Ace in a Day.3) VB-101 UNIT INSIGNIA. Background Patrol Squadron 51 (VP-51) was established in the United States Navy (USN) from VP-54 and VP-12 at NAS Miramar. Wartime History: Assigned twelve PB4Y-1 Liberators (USN version of the B-24D Liberator) that retained their U.S. Army pain scheme but were assigned squadron numbers 51-P-? with the last digit was 1 to 12 for the first dozen plane numbers). Flying to the combat zone, VP-51 departed Barber's Point Airfield on Oahu then ferried their bombers across the Pacific to the South Pacific (SoPAC). On February 1, 1943 redesignated Bombing Squadron 101 (VB-101). On February 13, 1943 nine PB4Y-1 Liberators took off from Henderson Field on Guadalcanal on a bombing mission against Japanese shipping in the Buin-Shortland area. This was the squadron's first combat mission in the South Pacific (SoPAC). On February 14, 1943 nine PB4Y-1 Liberators each armed with a single 1,000 pound bomb took off from Henderson Field on Guadalcanal on a mission to bomb shipping in the Buin-Shortland area. The bombers were escorted by ten P-38 Lightnings from the 347th Fighter Group, 339th Fighter Squadron plus twelve F4U Corsairs from VMF-124 took off from Fighter 2 (Kukum). Around 11:45am the PB4Y-1 Liberators released their bombs over shipping off southern Bougainville. They claim "several direct hits were made on an AK which was seen to blow up. There was also a near miss on a DD." In fact, their bombs result in two near misses that bracket Kisaragi Maru. Also, two near misses bracketed Hitachi Maru causing hull damage and killing four, the damaged vessel was beached near Lamuai on southern Bougainville. After the bomb run, the Japanese fighters pressed their attacks against the bombers and fighters. Lost is PB4Y-1 Liberator 31950 pilot Lt. Jay D. Bacon, Jr. (MIA), PB4Y-1 Liberator 31970 pilot Lt. Stuart T. Cooper (MIA). On March 5, 1943 nine PB4Y-1 Liberators took off from Henderson Field on Guadalcanal on a mission to bomb Japanese shipping off southern Bougainville. Over the target, no Japanese ships were observed but several searchlights were observed from Buin to Kahili area and and light anti-aircraft fire. Lost returning is PB4Y-1 Liberator 31948 pilot Lt. Frank M. Fisler (MIA). On July 17, 1943 at 1:28am six PB4Y-1s (three from VB-101 and three from VB-102) took off from Carney Field on Guadalcanal on a night mission for a predawn bombing mission against Kahili Airfield (Buin) on southern Bougainville. Inbound, one aborts. After bombing, the VB-102 bombers intercepted a J1N1 Irving night fighter. Lost is PB4Y-1 Liberator 31952 pilot Lt(jg) John B. Haskett (MIA) temporarily assigned to VB-102. On October 1, 1944 redesigned Patrol Bombing Squadron 101 (VPB-101). On October 23, 1944 lost is PB4Y-1 32277 pilot Lt. Harold H. Lewis Jr. (MIA) on a patrol mission over "sector one" , possibly intercepted by enemy fighters. 4) USS HOUSTON (CA-30) AVIATION UNIT INSIGNIA. USS Houston (CA-30), a Northampton-class light cruiser, was commissioned in June 1930.  Originally designated (CL-30), she was reclassified as (CA-30) the following year.   Becoming the flagship of the Asiatic Fleet in 1931, she served until November 1933 to depart and to protect U.S. interests in Chinese waters during the conflict between China and Japan.  Joining the Scouting Force after her Asiatic Station tour, Houston joined the Scouting Force carrying President Franklin D. Roosevelt on numerous trips and became the flagship of the United States Fleet during September-December 1938.   Returning to the Asiatic Fleet in November 1940, she was ordered to Australian and Netherlands East Indies waters following the United States' entry into war in December 1941.   Despite an enemy bomb disabling her after-gun turret on February 4, 1942, Houston remained in the area and took part in the Battle of Java Sea on February 27.    Ordered from the area the following day, and while steaming with the Australian light-cruiser Perth, she encountered the strong Japanese force supporting an amphibious landing on western Java, resulting in the Battle of Sunda Strait.  Valiantly fighting against the enemy, both Houston and Perth were sunk by enemy gunfire and torpedoes. All are excellent.

Lot of three, WWII Propaganda War Bond posters titled Buying a Bond is No Sacrifice. A young mother holds her son after reading that her husband is missing in battle overseas fighting in WWII. This powerful design emphasizes the importance for all citizens to purchase war bonds to help finance the war effort. It was created by Xavier Gonzalez (1898 - 1993). Gonzalez was born in Spain and emigrated to the United States in 1925. He studied at the Art Institute of Chicago, and his works can be seen in prestigious museums such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art and Whitney Museum. His WPA-era murals are present throughout the American South. These are Original Vintage Posters and not reproductions measuring 20 X 14 and near MINT!

WWII 3 inch US Liaison Pilot wing by Amcraft of Attleboro Mass in Sterling. Wings are in excellent condition. Wing have a wonderful patina and have never been cleaned. A liaison pilot was a World War II United States enlisted pilot, whose wings bore an "L" in the center. They flew light single engine liaison aircraft. Included were many enlisted aviation students who washed out of pilot training after having soloed and were given the opportunity to become liaison pilots. Flight training consisted of about 60 hours of flying time and stressed such procedures as short field landings and takeoffs over obstacles, low altitude navigation, first aid, day and night reconnaissance, aerial photography, and aircraft maintenance. Unarmored and unarmed—except perhaps for a .45 pistol or .30 carbine—these men in 28 different squadrons flew low and slow with wheels, skis, or floats. They flew varied and often hazardous missions in nearly every theater—medical evacuation from forward areas; delivering munitions, blood plasma, mail, and other supplies to front lines; ferrying personnel; flying photographic or intelligence missions; serving as air observers for fighters or bombers; and other critical yet often unpublicized missions. During the campaign to recapture the Philippines, pilots of the 25th Liaison Squadron flew a dozen Stinson L-5 Sentinel aircraft in short 30-minute flights (December 10–25, 1944) delivering supplies (including a 300-bed hospital) to the 6,000 men of the 11th Airborne Division isolated in the mountains of Leyte. In another mission, an Army officer wounded in the chest in New Guinea was evacuated in a liaison aircraft as the pilot pumped a portable respirator with one hand while he flew the aircraft with the other. In the northwestern U.S., some liaison pilots flew forest patrols (Project Firefly) watching for fires ignited by incendiary bombs carried across the Pacific beneath unmanned Japanese high altitude balloons.

Fantastic WWII Army Air Corps Glider Pilot Wings are Die struck, marked Sterling Silver to the reverse of the badge. Wings measure just over 3 inches wide and have never been cleaned. Excellent. Glider pilots were a crucial part of the Allied forces in World War II, participating in many major campaigns and carrying troops and cargo deep into enemy territory: Training: The US trained over 6,000 glider pilots between 1941 and 1945. Glider pilots were trained in infantry combat tactics in case they had to fight on foot after landing. Missions: Glider pilots participated in many major campaigns, including the invasion of Sicily, D-Day, Operation Market Garden, and the crossing of the Rhine. They also participated in the war in the Pacific. Challenges: Glider pilots faced many challenges, including: Towing: Gliders were towed at high speeds by tow planes using a nylon rope. Landing: Gliders often crash-landed at night in small fields behind enemy lines. Casualties: Glider pilots suffered heavy combat losses.

Beautiful, WWII US Civil Air Patrol 2 1/2 inch Pilot wings in Sterling by Robbins. Absolutely no damage to this set of beautiful wings and they have never been cleaned.Origins/1936-1941: The origins of Civil Air Patrol date to 1936, when Gill Robb Wilson, World War I aviator and New Jersey director of aeronautics, returned from Germany convinced of impending war. Wilson envisioned mobilizing America’s civilian aviators for national defense, an idea shared by others. In Ohio, Milton Knight, a pilot and businessman, organized and incorporated the Civilian Air Reserve (CAR) in 1938. Other military-styled civilian aviation units emerged nationwide, training for homeland defense. In 1941, Wilson launched his perfected program: the Civil Air Defense Services (CADS). That summer, tasked by Fiorello H. LaGuardia (New York mayor and director of the federal Office of Civilian Defense and also a World War I aviator), Wilson, publisher Thomas H. Beck and newspaperman Guy P. Gannett proposed Wilson’s CADS program as a model for organizing the nation’s civilian aviation resources. Their proposal for a Civil Air Patrol was approved by the Commerce, Navy, and War departments in November, and CAP national headquarters began operating Dec. 1 under the direction of national commander Maj. Gen. John F. Curry. Existing CADS, CAR and other flying units soon merged under the CAP banner. Public announcement of CAP and national recruiting commenced on Dec. 8.World War II and Postwar/1941-1948: In January 1942, German submarines began attacking merchant vessels along the East Coast. With the military unable to respond in force, CAP established coastal patrol flights to deter, report and prevent enemy operations. From March 1942 through August 1943, armed CAP aircraft at 21 coastal patrol bases extending from Maine to the Mexican border patrolled the waters off the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Their success in thwarting submarine attacks and safeguarding shipping lanes led President Franklin D. Roosevelt to issue Executive Order 9339 on April 29, 1943, transferring CAP from the Office of Civilian Defense to the Department of War. At its establishment, CAP made no provision for the participation of youth. On Oct. 1, 1942, CAP leaders issued a memorandum creating the CAP Cadet Program for boys and girls ages 15 to 18. The cadet program proved to be a powerful force for imparting practical skills and preparing teenagers for the military and other wartime service agencies. CAP’s male and female volunteers engaged in an array of wartime missions. These included aircraft warning, southern liaison patrol duty along the Mexican border, courier service, missing aircraft searches, disaster relief, tow target and tracking operations, forest patrols and many others. CAP’s wartime record ensured its postwar future. On July 1, 1946, President Harry S. Truman signed Public Law 79-476, incorporating the organization. Following the creation of the U.S. Air Force as a separate branch of the armed services, Truman signed Public Law 80-557, establishing CAP as the Air Force’s civilian auxiliary on May 26, 1948.

US Army Air Corps Flight Surgeon wings measure 3 inches and are maker marked A.E. Company Utica N.Y.  in STERLING.. This beautiful set of wings has never been cleaned and are very attractive. Excellent. World War IIThe role of flight surgeons continued to mature and expand as the U.S. faced World War II. The 1941 movie Dive Bomber, although focused on Naval Aviation, highlighted the role of the flight surgeon just prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor, and demonstrated how solving the problems of hypoxia at altitude would reduce the aircraft mishap rate. During World War II, the head of the U.S. Army Air Forces, General of the Army (later General of the Air Force) Henry 'Hap' Arnold, directed all flight surgeons in the Army Air Forces to fly regularly with their patients in order to better understand the aviation environment. Consequently, to this day, their successor U.S. Air Force Flight Surgeons are considered "aeronautically rated" aircrew members who receive flight pay and who are required to fly a certain number of hours monthly.[citation needed] The same policy applies to Army Flight Surgeons and to Naval Flight Surgeons, the latter who are considered "aeronautically designated" officers like their Naval Aviator and Naval Flight Officer counterparts. Strict racial segregation in the U.S. Army required the development of separate black flight surgeons to support the operations and training of the Tuskegee Airmen in 1941 and continued in the U.S. Army Air Forces throughout World War II. Following the establishment of an independent U.S. Air Force and the racial integration of all the U.S. armed forces following World War II, this separation was discontinued.

Just over 2 1/2 inches across in size. Red, white and blue enameled round center. Unmarked, but tests sterling silver. Pin back with a camed 90 degree pin and a roll locking pin catch. Excellent.

US Navy M-456 Leather One-piece Flying Suit Named to a Flying Tiger Donald R. Bernsdorf who later became a Test Pilot. Leather is still very supple with all functioning zippers and size marked 40. Excellent.. The suit belonged to Donald R. Bernsdorf who is listed on the roster of the Flying Tigers Association as a Wingman and Test Pilot. Brief research indicated that he served as a P-40 fighter pilot with the AVG during WWII.

Original WWII US numbered W 59931. 14th Air Force Blood Chit. Mint condition measuring 8 X 10 inches and made of Rayon and completely original to WWII. More detail and insight of "Blood Chits".... Lt. Gen. Claire L. Chennault’s Flying Tigers, having cloth patches depicting the Chinese flag and some Chinese lettering sewn onto the back sides of their flight suits and A-2 jackets? Those pieces of fabric were known as rescue patches, later called “blood chits.” They identified the wearers as Americans helping China fight the Japanese and requested the Chinese people to assist them. They represented a pass to safety for those who crashed or bailed out in areas occupied by the enemy. Blood chits were not only cloth patches. They also were cards or sometimes letters with a promise of reward directed to anyone who would assist a downed flier. In the early days of World War II, the British routinely issued blood chits to their aircrews, including several types in 1940 to fliers in Ethiopia. When the US entered the war, the American air services adopted the practice and they were eventually issued in all theaters of combat operations by all the western Allies. Blood chits were duly honored and the helpers were rewarded with money or gifts. Later, chits were printed in nearly 50 languages, including many European, North African, and Asian tongues. Not all of them contained the same statements, but all were bona fide government IOUs promising to reward those who assisted Allied airmen.

WWII US Army Cap Toe Service Shoes. The leather is in good shape and still very supple. Wear from usage, but no damage to the integrity of the shoes. They are a size 9 D. Leather soles are worn but solid and could easily be worn today.

Dated and named U.S. Marine Corps Officers Dress Blue Uniform Trousers with blood stripes. Traditionally, Officers, Staff Noncommissioned Officers, and Noncommissioned Officers of the Marine Corps have worn this scarlet red stripe on their dress blue trousers to commemorate the courage and tenacious fighting of the men who fought in the Battle of Chapultepec in September of 1847. The tag to the interior reads Capt. D. H. Lauga May 3rd 07. Excellent.

Dated and named U.S. Marine Corps Officers Dress Blue Uniform Trousers with blood stripes. Traditionally, Officers, Staff Noncommissioned Officers, and Noncommissioned Officers of the Marine Corps have worn this scarlet red stripe on their dress blue trousers to commemorate the courage and tenacious fighting of the men who fought in the Battle of Chapultepec in September of 1847. The tag to the interior reads Capt. G. T. Scott May 1904. Excellent.

U.S. Marine Corps Officers Dress Blue Uniform Trousers with blood stripes. Traditionally, Officers, Staff Noncommissioned Officers, and Noncommissioned Officers of the Marine Corps have worn this scarlet red stripe on their dress blue trousers to commemorate the courage and tenacious fighting of the men who fought in the Battle of Chapultepec in September of 1847. These trousers are certainly Officers trousers and very early, most likely from the 1890's having black glass buttons on the fly. Excellent.

WWII 5th Air Force named tunic with theater made bullion 5th Air Force Shoulder Sleeve Insignia. Tunic is also adorned with Corporal Chevrons. Tunic is size marked 36R along with the partial ASN: J-6563. Excellent. History: Fourteen Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses that survived the Battle of the Philippines left Mindanao for Darwin, Australia, between 17 and 20 December 1941, the only aircraft of the Far East Air Force to escape. After its evacuation from the Philippines on 24 December 1941, FEAF headquarters moved to Australia and was reorganized and redesignated 5 Air Force on 5 February 1942, with most of its combat aircraft based on fields on Java. It seemed at the time that the Japanese were advancing just about everywhere. The remaining heavy bombers of the 19th Bombardment Group, based at Malang on Java, flew missions against the Japanese in an attempt to stop their advance. They were joined in January and February, two or three at a time, by 37 B-17Es and 12 LB-30s of the 7th Bombardment Group. The small force of bombers, never numbering more than 20 operational at any time, could do little to prevent the invasion of the Netherlands East Indies, launching valiant but futile attacks against the masses of Japanese shipping, with six lost in combat, six in accidents, and 26 destroyed on the ground. The 7th Bombardment Group was withdrawn to India in March 1942, leaving the 19th to carry on as the only B-17 Fortress-equipped group in the South Pacific. About this time it was decided that replacement B-17s would not be sent to the southwest Pacific, but be sent exclusively to the Eighth Air Force which was building up in England. By May, Fifth Air Force's surviving personnel and aircraft were detached to other commands and the headquarters remained unmanned for several months, but elements played a small part in the Battle of the Coral Sea (7–8 May 1942) when the 435th Bomb Squadron of the 19th Bomb Group saw the Japanese fleet gathering in Rabaul area nearly two weeks before the battle actually took place. Because of the reconnaissance activity of the 435th Bomb Squadron, the US Navy was prepared to cope adequately with the situation. The squadron was commended by the US Navy for its valuable assistance not only for its excellent reconnaissance work but for the part played in the battle. Headquarters Fifth Air Force was re-staffed at Brisbane, Australia on 18 September 1942 and placed under the command of Major General George Kenney. United States Army Air Forces units in Australia, including Fifth Air Force, were eventually reinforced and re-organised following their initial defeats in the Philippines and the East Indies. At the time that Kenney had arrived, Fifth Air Force was equipped with three fighter groups and five bombardment groups. Fighter Groups: 8th FG (P-39) Townsville, Australia 35th FG (P-40) Port Moresby, New Guinea 49th FG (P-40) Darwin, Australia Bomber Groups: 3rd BG (B-25, A-20, & A-24) Charters Towers, Australia 19th BG (Non-Operational. Battle scarred from Philippines & Java) Mareeba, Australia 22nd BG (B-26) Woodstock, Australia 38th BG (B-25) Charters Towers, Australia 43rd BG (B-17 until 1943; B-24 1943–1945) Port Moresby, New Guinea In addition, Fifth Air Force controlled two transport squadrons and one photographic squadron comprising 1,602 officers and 18,116 men. Kenney was later appointed commander of Allied air forces in the South West Pacific Area, reporting directly to General Douglas MacArthur. Under Kenney's leadership, the Fifth Air Force and Royal Australian Air Force provided the aerial spearhead for MacArthur's island hopping campaign. US Far East Air Forces: On 4 November 1942, the Fifth Air Force commenced sustained action against the Japanese in Papua New Guinea and was a key component of the New Guinea campaign (1942–1945). Fifth Air Force engaged the Japanese again in the Philippines campaign (1944–45) as well as in the Battle of Okinawa (1945). Fifth Air Force along with Thirteenth Air Force in the Central Pacific and Seventh Air Force in Hawaii were assigned to the newly created United States Far East Air Forces (FEAF) on 3 August 1944. FEAF was subordinate to the U.S. Army Forces Far East and served as the headquarters of Allied Air Forces Southwest Pacific Area. By 1945, the three numbered air forces were supporting operations throughout the Pacific. FEAF was the functional equivalent in the Pacific of the United States Strategic Air Forces (USSTAF) in the European Theater of Operations. Order of battle, 1945: Fifth U.S. Air Force Zones of Responsibility, 1945–1947 V Fighter Command Night Fighter Units V Bomber Command Photo Reconnaissance 54th Troop Carrier Wing 3d ACG (P-51, C-47) 418th NFS 3d BG (L) (B-25, A-20) 6th RG (F-5, F-7) 2d CCG 8th FG (P-40, P-38) 421st NFS 22d BG (M/H) (B-26 – B-24) 71st RG (B-25) 317th TCG 35th FG (P-47, P-51) 547th NFS 38th BG (M) (B-25) 374th TCG (1943 only) 49th FG (P-40, P-47, P-38) 43d BG (H) (B-24) 375th TCG 58th FG (P-47) 90th BG (H) (B-24) 433d TCG 348th FG (P-47, P-51) 312th BG (L) (A-20) 475th FG (P-38) 345th BG (M) (B-25) 380th BG (H) (B-24) 417th BG (L) (A-20) LEGEND: ACG – Air Commando Group, FG – Fighter Group, NFS – Night Fighter Squadron, BG (L) – Light Bomb Group, BG (M) – Medium Bomb Group, BG (H) – Heavy Bomb Group, RG – Reconnaissance Group, CCG – Combat Cargo Group, TCG – Troop Carrier Group When the war ended, Fifth Air Force had an unmatched record of 3,445 aerial victories, led by the nation's two top fighter aces Major Richard Bong and Major Thomas McGuire, with 40 and 38 confirmed victories respectively, and two of Fifth Air Force's ten Medal of Honor recipients. Shortly after World War II ended in August, Fifth Air Force relocated to Irumagawa Air Base, Japan, about 25 September 1945 as part of the Allied occupation forces. The command remained in Japan until 1 December 1950 performing occupation duties.

WWII US Marine Corps Officers uniform jacket of Lt. William Klenke and was tailored by A. Dubois & Son of New York. Tunic is sized marked 40 and in excellent condition.

WWII US Marine Corps lot to include 1) Dress Blues with Sergeant Major Chevrons and two enlistment stripes and Expert Rifleman's badge. Roughly size 36 with scattered mothing. 2) Dress Blues Jacket with no insignia roughly a size 36 3) Dress Blues Jacket with Sergeant Chevrons roughly a size 36. 4) Dress Blues Coat and Pants with Sergeant Chevrons and enlistment Stripe roughly a size 36. 5) Dress Blues Jacket with Private First Class insignia roughly a size 40.

A silk constructed, printed flag measuring approximately 17 1/2 x 12 3/4 inches that has original tie cords and reinforcing to the corners. Center himaru indicates the Japanese Army. Was printed with kanji and English of several cities in Japan to include Yokohama, Osaka, Tokyo, Kobe and Koto Nice untouched example.

A silk constructed, printed flag measuring approximately 11 x 17 inches that has original tie cords and reinforcing to the corners. The flag has been painted to the obverse MEMORY OF LANDING AT JAPAN 1945 with an image of Mount Fuji. Also in the grouping is a Japanese Currency note and a pamphlet. Nice untouched example. Excellent.

US military items to include 1) WWI U.S. ARMY \SIGNALS M1912 CAMPAIGN CAP. A dark olive "rabbit skin" felt hat with a wide brim, reinforced along its edge with five parallel rows of stitching. Its high "Montana" or "Lemon-squeezer" crown has a khaki-painted alloy ventilation grommet to each of its cardinal points. Additional grommets are to each side under ribbon and can be seen from under the sweatband. Wrapped around the headband, are dual cords of orange that represent Army Signals. The cords terminate in the front with a slider and "acorns". A brown leather sweatband is to the interior. Chinstrap is complete. Size marked 7 1/4 Excellent 2) U.S. ARMY AIR CORPS 4 POCKET DRESS JACKET.  Army Air Corps SSI to the shoulder as well as Corporal Chevrons with standard US and Wing and Prop Devices to the collar. Jacket is named to the interior and is size marked 40R. Excellent. 3) MARINE CORPS EM/NCO DRESS VISOR HAT. Size marked 7 3/8 with the wool body being in excellent condition with Enlisted EGA device to the front. Excellent. 4) HBT Herringbone Twill US Army Coveralls in excellent condition roughly sized 42. Excellent. 5) WWII US NAVY WOMEN'S RESERVE WAVE UNIFORM JACKET.  Specialist Yeoman 2nd Class uniform jacket size 14R. Excellent. 6) Enlisted Men's Wool Trousers size 33X31 with minor staining 7) Army Air Corps Enlisted / NCO Overseas Cap in green wool in excellent condition. 8) Army Air Corps Enlisted / NCO Overseas Cap in  khaki cotton in excellent condition. 9) Army Air Corps Enlisted / NCO Overseas Cap in  khaki cotton in excellent condition. 10) US Army Air Corps Navigational Map of Azores-Marrakech-United Kingdom 11) Group Photo of the 76th Tank Battalion dated 1953. 12) Misc insignia

Headgear lot to include 1) Pre WWII US Navy Enlisted Donald Duck Cap from the USS Ossipee size 6 1/2 2) WWII US Navy Enlisted Donald Duck Cap in rough condition size 6 1/2 3) 1920's US Army Officers Cap also in rough condition. 4) French Military Academy Visor Hat  5) Black military Hat missing insignia 6) NSKOV Nazi German Veterans Hat in rough condition. Roughly a size 56 7) WW1 US Army Campaign Hat by Stetson roughly size 7. 8) Reproduction SS VT Overseas Cap 9) WW1 Marine Corps Officer's Hat Cord.

Lot of two WW1 Liberty Loan Pictorial News Posters that are framed but can easily be taken out of you wish not to pay for the extra shipping cost. Both posters measure 12 1/2 X 19 1/2. The first showing French nationals dedicating one of the US Cemeteries with the inscription "FRENCH HONOR AMERICAN HEROES! Among the most sacred spots in France are the American Cemeteries where rest the American heroes who died fighting for Liberty. These graves are being tenderly cared for by the French. How can you speak of sacrifice in the purchase of Liberty Bonds when you contemplate the investment these boys have made for the cause of Liberty?". The second shows the US Marines at Belleau Woods with the inscription "DEVIL-DOGS" PEPPERING THE HUNS WITH HAND GRENADES In a furious assault American marines killed, wounded and captured over a thousand Huns and drove them headlong from Belleau Woods. The picture shows the "devil-dogs" crouching low in shell holes and behind embankments to escape bursting shrapnel, while they throw hand- grenades into the Hun trenches. Keep them supplied with hand-grenades Buy Liberty Bonds to your utmost. Both are excellent.

Lot of four WWII US 3rd Division SPEARHEAD Overseas Caps from the 1950's. to include the Cities Boston, Pittsburgh, and Detroit as well as a 4th Armored Division Reunion Cap. Excellent. World War II: Composition: The 3rd Armored Division was organized as a "heavy" armored division, as was its counterpart, the 2nd Armored Division ("Hell on Wheels"). Later on in World War II, higher-numbered U.S. armored divisions were made smaller, with a higher ratio of armored infantry to tanks, based on lessons learned from fighting in North Africa.  As a "heavy" division, the 3rd Armored commanded two armored regiments containing a total of four medium tank battalions and two light tank battalions (18 companies) instead of the usual three tank battalions containing both light and heavy tanks (12 companies). The division commanded 232 medium tanks, compared to the 168 allotted to a standard light armored division, and commanded attached units numbering over 16,000 men in place of the usual 12,000 found in the light armored divisions. The 3rd Armored also commanded three armored infantry battalions.  The division's core units were the 36th Armored Infantry Regiment, the 32nd Armored Regiment, the 33rd Armor Regiment, the 23rd Armored Engineer Battalion, the 83rd Armored Reconnaissance Battalion,[6] and the 143rd Armored Signal Company. During World War II, these units were organized into task forces known as combat commands A, B and R (Reserve). In addition to the core units, a number of other units of various specialties were attached to the division during various operations. Combat service: The first elements of the 3rd Armored saw combat on 29 June in France, with the division as a whole beginning combat operations on 9 July 1944. During this time, it was under the command of VII Corps and XVIII Airborne Corps First Army, but was later reassigned to the XIX Corps under the Ninth Army and the for the rest of the war.  The division was the "spearhead" of the First Army through the Normandy Campaign, taking part in a number of engagements, most notably in the Battle of Saint-Lô, where it suffered significant casualties. After facing heavy fighting in the hedgerows and developing methods to overcome the vast thickets of brush and earth that constrained its mobility, the unit broke out at Marigny alongside the 1st Infantry Division and swung south to Mayenne. 3rd AD engineers and maintenance crews solved the problem of the Norman hedgerows by taking the large I-Beam invasion barriers from the beaches at Normandy and welding them on the fronts of Sherman tanks as large crossing rams. They would then hit the hedgerows at high speed, bursting through them without exposing the vulnerable underbellies of the tanks. The division was next ordered to help close the Argentan-Falaise Pocket containing the German Seventh Army, which it finished by 18 August near Putanges. Six days later, the outfit had sped through Courville and Chartres and was approaching the banks of the Seine River. On the night of 25 August 1944, the division began the crossing of the Seine; once completed, the 3rd moved across France, reaching the Belgian border on 2 September 1944. Liberated in the path of the division were Meaux, Soissons, Laon, Marle, Mons, Charleroi, Namur and Liège.[10] The division cut off 40,000 Wehrmacht troops at Mons and captured 8,000 prisoners. Hurtgen and the Bulge: On 10 September 1944, the 3rd, now nicknamed the "Spearhead Division", fired what it claimed was the first American field artillery shell onto German soil of the war. Two days later, it passed the German border and soon breached the Siegfried Line after taking part in the Battle of Hürtgen Forest.  The 3rd Armored Division fought far north of the deepest German penetration during the Battle of the Bulge. The division worked its way south in an attack designed to help wipe out the bulge and bring First Army's line abreast of General George S. Patton's Third Army, which was fighting northward toward Houffalize. It severed a vital highway leading to St. Vith and later reached Lierneux, Belgium, where it halted to refit. Into the German heartland: After a month of rest, the division resumed its offensive to the east, and on 26 February, rolled back inside Germany. In the following weeks, the 3rd bolted across the Roer River and seized several towns, crossed the Erft, and at last broke through to the Rhine River to capture Cologne by 7 March.[10] During the engagement in Cologne, a spectacular film was shot of a 3rd Division T-26E Pershing ("Eagle 7") defeating a German PzKPfW V "Panther" that caught the Pershing by surprise in the city streets on 6 March.[12][13] Two weeks later, it crossed the Rhine at Honnef, a town south of Cologne. On 31 March, the commander of the division, Major General Maurice Rose, rounded a corner in his jeep and found himself face to face with a German tank. As he withdrew his pistol either to throw it to the ground or in an attempt to fight back, the young German tank commander, apparently misunderstanding Rose's intentions, shot and killed the general. After Cologne, the division swept up Paderborn in its advance to shut the back door to the Ruhr Pocket. In April, the division crossed the Saale River north of Halle and sped on toward the Elbe River. On 11 April 1945, the 3rd Armored discovered the Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp. The division was the first to arrive on the scene, reporting back to headquarters that it had uncovered a large concentration camp near the town of Nordhausen. With help from the 104th Infantry Division, the 3rd immediately began transporting some 250 prisoners to nearby hospitals. The division's last major fighting in the war was the Battle of Dessau, which the division captured on 23 April 1945 after three days of combat. Following the action at Dessau, the division moved into corps reserve at Sangerhausen.[9][10] Occupational duty near Langen was given to the division following V-E Day, a role it filled until inactivation on 10 November 1945. Casualties: The 3rd Armored Division suffered the following casualties: Total battle casualties: 9,243 Killed in action: 1,810 Wounded in action: 6,963 Missing in action: 104 Prisoner of war: 366 Enemy casualties: The division inflicted the following enemy casualties: Combat vehicles destroyed: 6,751 Prisoners of war: 76,720 The Caps came to us from the American Armoured Foundation, Inc. Tank and Ordnance Memorial Museum. The AAF Tank Museum was a living memorial dedicated to the Tank and Cavalry soldiers of the world. Before 1981 some of the artifacts that make up the AAF Tank Museum was a private collection belonging to Mr. William Gasser. Mr. Gasser felt that his collection would be beneficial in educating present and future generations to the sacrifices made and the technologies gained during war. Therefore, in 1981 the AAF Tank Museum was established as a non-profit charitable organization, and Mr. Gasser donated his private collection to the Tank Museum.

Bell Helicopter UH-1 Huey Radio Amplifier Audio Frequency Gauges and other radio parts brought back by a mechanic who worked on the UH-1 during the conflict. Excellent. The Bell UH-1 Iroquois (nicknamed "Huey") is a utility military helicopter designed and produced by the American aerospace company Bell Helicopter. It is the first member of the prolific Huey family, as well as the first turbine-powered helicopter in service with the United States military. Development of the Iroquois started in the early 1950s, a major impetus being a requirement issued by the United States Army for a new medical evacuation and utility helicopter. The Bell 204, first flown on 20 October 1956, was warmly received, particularly for the performance of its single turboshaft engine over piston engine-powered counterparts. An initial production contract for 100 HU-1As was issued in March 1960. In response to criticisms over the rotorcraft's power, Bell quickly developed multiple models furnished with more powerful engines; in comparison to the prototype's Lycoming YT53-L-1 (LTC1B-1) engine, producing 700 shp (520 kW), by 1966, the Lycoming T53-L-13, capable of 1,400 shp (1,000 kW), was being installed on some models. A stretched version of the Iroquois, first flown during August 1961, was also produced in response to Army demands for a version that could accommodate more troops. Further modifications would include the use of all-aluminum construction, the adoption of a rotor brake, and alternative power plants. The Iroquois was first used in combat operations during the Vietnam War, the first examples being deployed in March 1962. It was used for various purposes, including conducting general support, air assault, cargo transport, aeromedical evacuation, search and rescue, electronic warfare, and ground attack missions. Armed Iroquois gunships carried a variety of weapons, including rockets, grenade launchers, and machine guns, and were often modified in the field to suit specific operations. The United States Air Force deployed its Iroquois to Vietnam, using them to conduct reconnaissance operations, psychological warfare, and other support roles. Other nations' armed air services, such as the Royal Australian Air Force, also dispatched their own Iroquois to Vietnam. In total, around 7,000 Iroquois were deployed in the Vietnam theatre, over 3,300 of which were believed to be destroyed. Various other conflicts have seen combat deployments of the Iroquois, such as the Rhodesian Bush War, Falklands War, War in Afghanistan, and the 2007 Lebanon conflict. The Iroquois was originally designated HU-1, hence the Huey nickname, which has remained in common use, despite the official redesignation to UH-1 in 1962. Various derivatives and developments of the Iroquois were produced. A dedicated attack helicopter, the Bell AH-1 Cobra, was derived from the UH-1, and retained a high degree of commonality. The Bell 204 and 205 are Iroquois versions developed for the civilian market. In response to demands from some customers, a twin-engined model, the UH-1N Twin Huey, was also developed during the late 1960s; a further updated four rotor model, the Bell 412, entered service in Canada but not the US. A further updated UH-1 with twin engines and four-bladed derivative, the Bell UH-1Y Venom, was also developed during the early twenty-first century for the USMC. In US Army service, the Iroquois was gradually phased out following the introduction of the Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk and the Eurocopter UH-72 Lakota in the early 21st century. However, hundreds were still in use more than 50 years following the type's introduction. In excess of 16,000 Iroquois have been built since 1960. With new orders from Japan and the Czech Republic, the UH-1 remains in production. Several export customers, such as Canada, Germany, Taiwan, Japan, and Italy, opted to produce the type under license. Operators have been located across the world, including the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and the Pacific region. Operational historyU.S. Army: The HU-1A (later redesignated UH-1A) first entered service with the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, the 82nd Airborne Division, and the 57th Medical Detachment. Although intended for evaluation only, the Army quickly pressed the new helicopter into operational service, and Hueys with the 57th Medical Detachment arrived in Vietnam in March 1962. The UH-1 has long been a symbol of US involvement in Southeast Asia in general and Vietnam in particular, and as a result of that conflict, has become one of the world's most recognized helicopters. In Vietnam primary missions included general support, air assault, cargo transport, aeromedical evacuation, search and rescue, electronic warfare, and later, ground attack. During the conflict, the craft was upgraded, notably to a larger version based on the Model 205. This version was initially designated the UH-1D and flew operationally from 1963. During its Vietnam War service, the UH-1 was used for various purposes and various terms for each task abounded. UH-1s tasked with ground attack or armed escort were outfitted with rocket launchers, grenade launchers, and machine guns. As early as 1962, UH-1s were modified locally by the companies themselves, who fabricated their own mounting systems. These gunship UH-1s were commonly referred to as "Frogs" or "Hogs" if they carried rockets, and "Cobras" or simply "Guns" if they had guns UH-1s tasked and configured for troop transport were often called "Slicks" due to an absence of weapons pods. Slicks did have door gunners, but were generally employed in the troop transport and medevac roles. UH-1s also flew hunter-killer teams with observation helicopters, namely the Bell OH-58A Kiowa and the Hughes OH-6 Cayuse (Loach). Towards the end of the conflict, the UH-1 was tested with TOW missiles, and two UH-1B helicopters equipped with the XM26 Armament Subsystem were deployed to help counter the 1972 Easter Invasion. USAF Lieutenant James P. Fleming piloted a UH-1F on a 26 November 1968 mission that earned him the Medal of Honor. During the course of the conflict, the UH-1 went through several upgrades. The UH-1A, B, and C models (short fuselage, Bell 204) and the UH-1D and H models (stretched-fuselage, Bell 205) each had improved performance and load-carrying capabilities. The UH-1B and C performed the gunship, and some of the transport duties in the early years of the Vietnam War. UH-1B/C gunships were replaced by the new AH-1 Cobra attack helicopter from 1967 to late 1968. The increasing intensity and sophistication of NVA anti-aircraft defenses made continued use of UH-1 gunships impractical, and after Vietnam the Cobra was adopted as the Army's main attack helicopter. Devotees of the UH-1 in the gunship role cite its ability to act as an impromptu Dustoff if the need arose, as well as the superior observational capabilities of the larger Huey cockpit, which allowed return fire from door gunners to the rear and sides of the aircraft. In air cavalry troops (i.e., companies) UH-1s were combined with infantry scouts, OH-6 and OH-58 aero-scout helicopters, and AH-1 attack helicopters to form several color-coded teams (viz., blue, white, red, purple, and pink) to perform various reconnaissance, security, and economy of force missions in fulfilling the traditional cavalry battlefield role. The Army tested a great variety of experimental weapons on the UH-1; nearly anything that could be carried. The Army desired weapons with large calibers and high rates of fire, which led to the testing of a 20 mm cannon on a large mount bolted to the cabin floor. The size of the weapon allowed very little room for movement. The Army further tested a full-size Vulcan cannon firing out the door of a UH-1. It was capable of firing 2400 rounds per minute, or about 40 rounds per second. Despite this being a significant reduction from the nearly 100 rounds per second fired by a standard Vulcan cannon, the installation proved too kinetic for the UH-1. Podded versions of the M24 20 mm cannon were tested in combat over Vietnam. There was a wide variety of 7.62 mm automatic weapons tested, including different installations of the M60 machine gun. AS-10 and SS-11 missiles were tested in several different configurations. High-capacity rocket launchers were also tested, such as the XM3 launcher, which had 24 launching tubes. Press photos were taken with the XM5 and XM3 installed on the same aircraft, but this arrangement could not be used because it was more than the gross take-off weight of the aircraft. During the Easter Offensive of 1972 by North Vietnam, experimental models of the TOW-firing XM26 were taken out of storage and sent to South Vietnam in response to the onslaught. The pilots had never fired a TOW missile before, and were given brief crash courses. Despite having little training with the units, the pilots managed to hit targets with 151 of the 162 missiles fired in combat, including a pair of tanks. The airborne TOW launchers were known as "Hawks Claws" and were based at Camp Holloway. During the conflict, 7,013 UH-1s served in Vietnam and of these 3,305 were destroyed. In total, 1,151 pilots were killed, along with 1,231 other crew members (these figures are not including Army of the Republic of Vietnam losses).  Post Vietnam, the US Army continued to operate large numbers of Iroquois; they would see further combat during the US invasion of Grenada in 1983, the US invasion of Panama in 1989, and the Gulf War in 1991. In the latter conflict, in excess of 400 Iroquois performed a variety of missions in the region; over a nine-month period, the fleet cumulatively reached 31,000 flight hours and achieved a stable fully mission capable rate of 70%. The type comprised more than 20% of all rotorcraft across the coalition and recorded 21% of the overall flying hours. Even after the Gulf War, the US Army had more than 2,800 Iroquois in its inventory; in particular, 389 UH-1Vs comprised 76% of the Army's medevac aircraft. Nevertheless, plans were mooted as early as 1992 to undertake a slow withdrawal of the aging type in favor of larger and more technologically advanced rotorcraft. The US Army began phasing out the UH-1 with the introduction of the Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk starting in the 1980s, although the Army UH-1 Residual Fleet had around 700 UH-1s that were to be retained until 2015, primarily in support of Army Aviation training at Fort Rucker and in selected Army National Guard units. Army support for the craft was intended to end in 2004; The UH-1 was retired from active Army service in early 2005. During 2009, Army National Guard retirements of the UH-1 accelerated with the introduction of the Eurocopter UH-72 Lakota. In 2009 the Army National Guard marked 50 years of service of the Huey in the Army, and 40 with the National Guard and had a ceremonial end to its service at that time; in the coming years many final flights of the Huey in the State National Guard took place. The Washington, D.C. Army National Guard had its last flight in 2011, and Pennsylvania in 2010. The final U.S. Army UH-1 was retired in late 2016, and transferred to a State police department. In context, the Huey is still in service with the Armed Forces overall, and the Air Force UH-1N was still in service as of 2024, but scheduled for replacement.

Bell Helicopter UH-1 Huey Radio Control Frequency Selector  brought back by a mechanic who worked on the UH-1 during the conflict. Excellent. The Bell UH-1 Iroquois (nicknamed "Huey") is a utility military helicopter designed and produced by the American aerospace company Bell Helicopter. It is the first member of the prolific Huey family, as well as the first turbine-powered helicopter in service with the United States military. Development of the Iroquois started in the early 1950s, a major impetus being a requirement issued by the United States Army for a new medical evacuation and utility helicopter. The Bell 204, first flown on 20 October 1956, was warmly received, particularly for the performance of its single turboshaft engine over piston engine-powered counterparts. An initial production contract for 100 HU-1As was issued in March 1960. In response to criticisms over the rotorcraft's power, Bell quickly developed multiple models furnished with more powerful engines; in comparison to the prototype's Lycoming YT53-L-1 (LTC1B-1) engine, producing 700 shp (520 kW), by 1966, the Lycoming T53-L-13, capable of 1,400 shp (1,000 kW), was being installed on some models. A stretched version of the Iroquois, first flown during August 1961, was also produced in response to Army demands for a version that could accommodate more troops. Further modifications would include the use of all-aluminum construction, the adoption of a rotor brake, and alternative power plants. The Iroquois was first used in combat operations during the Vietnam War, the first examples being deployed in March 1962. It was used for various purposes, including conducting general support, air assault, cargo transport, aeromedical evacuation, search and rescue, electronic warfare, and ground attack missions. Armed Iroquois gunships carried a variety of weapons, including rockets, grenade launchers, and machine guns, and were often modified in the field to suit specific operations. The United States Air Force deployed its Iroquois to Vietnam, using them to conduct reconnaissance operations, psychological warfare, and other support roles. Other nations' armed air services, such as the Royal Australian Air Force, also dispatched their own Iroquois to Vietnam. In total, around 7,000 Iroquois were deployed in the Vietnam theatre, over 3,300 of which were believed to be destroyed. Various other conflicts have seen combat deployments of the Iroquois, such as the Rhodesian Bush War, Falklands War, War in Afghanistan, and the 2007 Lebanon conflict. The Iroquois was originally designated HU-1, hence the Huey nickname, which has remained in common use, despite the official redesignation to UH-1 in 1962. Various derivatives and developments of the Iroquois were produced. A dedicated attack helicopter, the Bell AH-1 Cobra, was derived from the UH-1, and retained a high degree of commonality. The Bell 204 and 205 are Iroquois versions developed for the civilian market. In response to demands from some customers, a twin-engined model, the UH-1N Twin Huey, was also developed during the late 1960s; a further updated four rotor model, the Bell 412, entered service in Canada but not the US. A further updated UH-1 with twin engines and four-bladed derivative, the Bell UH-1Y Venom, was also developed during the early twenty-first century for the USMC. In US Army service, the Iroquois was gradually phased out following the introduction of the Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk and the Eurocopter UH-72 Lakota in the early 21st century. However, hundreds were still in use more than 50 years following the type's introduction. In excess of 16,000 Iroquois have been built since 1960. With new orders from Japan and the Czech Republic, the UH-1 remains in production. Several export customers, such as Canada, Germany, Taiwan, Japan, and Italy, opted to produce the type under license. Operators have been located across the world, including the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and the Pacific region. Operational historyU.S. Army: The HU-1A (later redesignated UH-1A) first entered service with the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, the 82nd Airborne Division, and the 57th Medical Detachment. Although intended for evaluation only, the Army quickly pressed the new helicopter into operational service, and Hueys with the 57th Medical Detachment arrived in Vietnam in March 1962. The UH-1 has long been a symbol of US involvement in Southeast Asia in general and Vietnam in particular, and as a result of that conflict, has become one of the world's most recognized helicopters. In Vietnam primary missions included general support, air assault, cargo transport, aeromedical evacuation, search and rescue, electronic warfare, and later, ground attack. During the conflict, the craft was upgraded, notably to a larger version based on the Model 205. This version was initially designated the UH-1D and flew operationally from 1963. During its Vietnam War service, the UH-1 was used for various purposes and various terms for each task abounded. UH-1s tasked with ground attack or armed escort were outfitted with rocket launchers, grenade launchers, and machine guns. As early as 1962, UH-1s were modified locally by the companies themselves, who fabricated their own mounting systems. These gunship UH-1s were commonly referred to as "Frogs" or "Hogs" if they carried rockets, and "Cobras" or simply "Guns" if they had guns UH-1s tasked and configured for troop transport were often called "Slicks" due to an absence of weapons pods. Slicks did have door gunners, but were generally employed in the troop transport and medevac roles. UH-1s also flew hunter-killer teams with observation helicopters, namely the Bell OH-58A Kiowa and the Hughes OH-6 Cayuse (Loach). Towards the end of the conflict, the UH-1 was tested with TOW missiles, and two UH-1B helicopters equipped with the XM26 Armament Subsystem were deployed to help counter the 1972 Easter Invasion. USAF Lieutenant James P. Fleming piloted a UH-1F on a 26 November 1968 mission that earned him the Medal of Honor. During the course of the conflict, the UH-1 went through several upgrades. The UH-1A, B, and C models (short fuselage, Bell 204) and the UH-1D and H models (stretched-fuselage, Bell 205) each had improved performance and load-carrying capabilities. The UH-1B and C performed the gunship, and some of the transport duties in the early years of the Vietnam War. UH-1B/C gunships were replaced by the new AH-1 Cobra attack helicopter from 1967 to late 1968. The increasing intensity and sophistication of NVA anti-aircraft defenses made continued use of UH-1 gunships impractical, and after Vietnam the Cobra was adopted as the Army's main attack helicopter. Devotees of the UH-1 in the gunship role cite its ability to act as an impromptu Dustoff if the need arose, as well as the superior observational capabilities of the larger Huey cockpit, which allowed return fire from door gunners to the rear and sides of the aircraft. In air cavalry troops (i.e., companies) UH-1s were combined with infantry scouts, OH-6 and OH-58 aero-scout helicopters, and AH-1 attack helicopters to form several color-coded teams (viz., blue, white, red, purple, and pink) to perform various reconnaissance, security, and economy of force missions in fulfilling the traditional cavalry battlefield role. The Army tested a great variety of experimental weapons on the UH-1; nearly anything that could be carried. The Army desired weapons with large calibers and high rates of fire, which led to the testing of a 20 mm cannon on a large mount bolted to the cabin floor. The size of the weapon allowed very little room for movement. The Army further tested a full-size Vulcan cannon firing out the door of a UH-1. It was capable of firing 2400 rounds per minute, or about 40 rounds per second. Despite this being a significant reduction from the nearly 100 rounds per second fired by a standard Vulcan cannon, the installation proved too kinetic for the UH-1. Podded versions of the M24 20 mm cannon were tested in combat over Vietnam. There was a wide variety of 7.62 mm automatic weapons tested, including different installations of the M60 machine gun. AS-10 and SS-11 missiles were tested in several different configurations. High-capacity rocket launchers were also tested, such as the XM3 launcher, which had 24 launching tubes. Press photos were taken with the XM5 and XM3 installed on the same aircraft, but this arrangement could not be used because it was more than the gross take-off weight of the aircraft. During the Easter Offensive of 1972 by North Vietnam, experimental models of the TOW-firing XM26 were taken out of storage and sent to South Vietnam in response to the onslaught. The pilots had never fired a TOW missile before, and were given brief crash courses. Despite having little training with the units, the pilots managed to hit targets with 151 of the 162 missiles fired in combat, including a pair of tanks. The airborne TOW launchers were known as "Hawks Claws" and were based at Camp Holloway. During the conflict, 7,013 UH-1s served in Vietnam and of these 3,305 were destroyed. In total, 1,151 pilots were killed, along with 1,231 other crew members (these figures are not including Army of the Republic of Vietnam losses).  Post Vietnam, the US Army continued to operate large numbers of Iroquois; they would see further combat during the US invasion of Grenada in 1983, the US invasion of Panama in 1989, and the Gulf War in 1991. In the latter conflict, in excess of 400 Iroquois performed a variety of missions in the region; over a nine-month period, the fleet cumulatively reached 31,000 flight hours and achieved a stable fully mission capable rate of 70%. The type comprised more than 20% of all rotorcraft across the coalition and recorded 21% of the overall flying hours. Even after the Gulf War, the US Army had more than 2,800 Iroquois in its inventory; in particular, 389 UH-1Vs comprised 76% of the Army's medevac aircraft. Nevertheless, plans were mooted as early as 1992 to undertake a slow withdrawal of the aging type in favor of larger and more technologically advanced rotorcraft. The US Army began phasing out the UH-1 with the introduction of the Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk starting in the 1980s, although the Army UH-1 Residual Fleet had around 700 UH-1s that were to be retained until 2015, primarily in support of Army Aviation training at Fort Rucker and in selected Army National Guard units. Army support for the craft was intended to end in 2004; The UH-1 was retired from active Army service in early 2005. During 2009, Army National Guard retirements of the UH-1 accelerated with the introduction of the Eurocopter UH-72 Lakota. In 2009 the Army National Guard marked 50 years of service of the Huey in the Army, and 40 with the National Guard and had a ceremonial end to its service at that time; in the coming years many final flights of the Huey in the State National Guard took place. The Washington, D.C. Army National Guard had its last flight in 2011, and Pennsylvania in 2010. The final U.S. Army UH-1 was retired in late 2016, and transferred to a State police department. In context, the Huey is still in service with the Armed Forces overall, and the Air Force UH-1N was still in service as of 2024, but scheduled for replacement.

Bell Helicopter UH-1 Huey Rear Propeller Blade brought back by a mechanic who worked on the UH-1 during the conflict. Excellent. The Bell UH-1 Iroquois (nicknamed "Huey") is a utility military helicopter designed and produced by the American aerospace company Bell Helicopter. It is the first member of the prolific Huey family, as well as the first turbine-powered helicopter in service with the United States military. Development of the Iroquois started in the early 1950s, a major impetus being a requirement issued by the United States Army for a new medical evacuation and utility helicopter. The Bell 204, first flown on 20 October 1956, was warmly received, particularly for the performance of its single turboshaft engine over piston engine-powered counterparts. An initial production contract for 100 HU-1As was issued in March 1960. In response to criticisms over the rotorcraft's power, Bell quickly developed multiple models furnished with more powerful engines; in comparison to the prototype's Lycoming YT53-L-1 (LTC1B-1) engine, producing 700 shp (520 kW), by 1966, the Lycoming T53-L-13, capable of 1,400 shp (1,000 kW), was being installed on some models. A stretched version of the Iroquois, first flown during August 1961, was also produced in response to Army demands for a version that could accommodate more troops. Further modifications would include the use of all-aluminum construction, the adoption of a rotor brake, and alternative power plants. The Iroquois was first used in combat operations during the Vietnam War, the first examples being deployed in March 1962. It was used for various purposes, including conducting general support, air assault, cargo transport, aeromedical evacuation, search and rescue, electronic warfare, and ground attack missions. Armed Iroquois gunships carried a variety of weapons, including rockets, grenade launchers, and machine guns, and were often modified in the field to suit specific operations. The United States Air Force deployed its Iroquois to Vietnam, using them to conduct reconnaissance operations, psychological warfare, and other support roles. Other nations' armed air services, such as the Royal Australian Air Force, also dispatched their own Iroquois to Vietnam. In total, around 7,000 Iroquois were deployed in the Vietnam theatre, over 3,300 of which were believed to be destroyed. Various other conflicts have seen combat deployments of the Iroquois, such as the Rhodesian Bush War, Falklands War, War in Afghanistan, and the 2007 Lebanon conflict. The Iroquois was originally designated HU-1, hence the Huey nickname, which has remained in common use, despite the official redesignation to UH-1 in 1962. Various derivatives and developments of the Iroquois were produced. A dedicated attack helicopter, the Bell AH-1 Cobra, was derived from the UH-1, and retained a high degree of commonality. The Bell 204 and 205 are Iroquois versions developed for the civilian market. In response to demands from some customers, a twin-engined model, the UH-1N Twin Huey, was also developed during the late 1960s; a further updated four rotor model, the Bell 412, entered service in Canada but not the US. A further updated UH-1 with twin engines and four-bladed derivative, the Bell UH-1Y Venom, was also developed during the early twenty-first century for the USMC. In US Army service, the Iroquois was gradually phased out following the introduction of the Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk and the Eurocopter UH-72 Lakota in the early 21st century. However, hundreds were still in use more than 50 years following the type's introduction. In excess of 16,000 Iroquois have been built since 1960. With new orders from Japan and the Czech Republic, the UH-1 remains in production. Several export customers, such as Canada, Germany, Taiwan, Japan, and Italy, opted to produce the type under license. Operators have been located across the world, including the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and the Pacific region. Operational historyU.S. Army: The HU-1A (later redesignated UH-1A) first entered service with the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, the 82nd Airborne Division, and the 57th Medical Detachment. Although intended for evaluation only, the Army quickly pressed the new helicopter into operational service, and Hueys with the 57th Medical Detachment arrived in Vietnam in March 1962. The UH-1 has long been a symbol of US involvement in Southeast Asia in general and Vietnam in particular, and as a result of that conflict, has become one of the world's most recognized helicopters. In Vietnam primary missions included general support, air assault, cargo transport, aeromedical evacuation, search and rescue, electronic warfare, and later, ground attack. During the conflict, the craft was upgraded, notably to a larger version based on the Model 205. This version was initially designated the UH-1D and flew operationally from 1963. During its Vietnam War service, the UH-1 was used for various purposes and various terms for each task abounded. UH-1s tasked with ground attack or armed escort were outfitted with rocket launchers, grenade launchers, and machine guns. As early as 1962, UH-1s were modified locally by the companies themselves, who fabricated their own mounting systems. These gunship UH-1s were commonly referred to as "Frogs" or "Hogs" if they carried rockets, and "Cobras" or simply "Guns" if they had guns UH-1s tasked and configured for troop transport were often called "Slicks" due to an absence of weapons pods. Slicks did have door gunners, but were generally employed in the troop transport and medevac roles. UH-1s also flew hunter-killer teams with observation helicopters, namely the Bell OH-58A Kiowa and the Hughes OH-6 Cayuse (Loach). Towards the end of the conflict, the UH-1 was tested with TOW missiles, and two UH-1B helicopters equipped with the XM26 Armament Subsystem were deployed to help counter the 1972 Easter Invasion. USAF Lieutenant James P. Fleming piloted a UH-1F on a 26 November 1968 mission that earned him the Medal of Honor. During the course of the conflict, the UH-1 went through several upgrades. The UH-1A, B, and C models (short fuselage, Bell 204) and the UH-1D and H models (stretched-fuselage, Bell 205) each had improved performance and load-carrying capabilities. The UH-1B and C performed the gunship, and some of the transport duties in the early years of the Vietnam War. UH-1B/C gunships were replaced by the new AH-1 Cobra attack helicopter from 1967 to late 1968. The increasing intensity and sophistication of NVA anti-aircraft defenses made continued use of UH-1 gunships impractical, and after Vietnam the Cobra was adopted as the Army's main attack helicopter. Devotees of the UH-1 in the gunship role cite its ability to act as an impromptu Dustoff if the need arose, as well as the superior observational capabilities of the larger Huey cockpit, which allowed return fire from door gunners to the rear and sides of the aircraft. In air cavalry troops (i.e., companies) UH-1s were combined with infantry scouts, OH-6 and OH-58 aero-scout helicopters, and AH-1 attack helicopters to form several color-coded teams (viz., blue, white, red, purple, and pink) to perform various reconnaissance, security, and economy of force missions in fulfilling the traditional cavalry battlefield role. The Army tested a great variety of experimental weapons on the UH-1; nearly anything that could be carried. The Army desired weapons with large calibers and high rates of fire, which led to the testing of a 20 mm cannon on a large mount bolted to the cabin floor. The size of the weapon allowed very little room for movement. The Army further tested a full-size Vulcan cannon firing out the door of a UH-1. It was capable of firing 2400 rounds per minute, or about 40 rounds per second. Despite this being a significant reduction from the nearly 100 rounds per second fired by a standard Vulcan cannon, the installation proved too kinetic for the UH-1. Podded versions of the M24 20 mm cannon were tested in combat over Vietnam. There was a wide variety of 7.62 mm automatic weapons tested, including different installations of the M60 machine gun. AS-10 and SS-11 missiles were tested in several different configurations. High-capacity rocket launchers were also tested, such as the XM3 launcher, which had 24 launching tubes. Press photos were taken with the XM5 and XM3 installed on the same aircraft, but this arrangement could not be used because it was more than the gross take-off weight of the aircraft. During the Easter Offensive of 1972 by North Vietnam, experimental models of the TOW-firing XM26 were taken out of storage and sent to South Vietnam in response to the onslaught. The pilots had never fired a TOW missile before, and were given brief crash courses. Despite having little training with the units, the pilots managed to hit targets with 151 of the 162 missiles fired in combat, including a pair of tanks. The airborne TOW launchers were known as "Hawks Claws" and were based at Camp Holloway. During the conflict, 7,013 UH-1s served in Vietnam and of these 3,305 were destroyed. In total, 1,151 pilots were killed, along with 1,231 other crew members (these figures are not including Army of the Republic of Vietnam losses).  Post Vietnam, the US Army continued to operate large numbers of Iroquois; they would see further combat during the US invasion of Grenada in 1983, the US invasion of Panama in 1989, and the Gulf War in 1991. In the latter conflict, in excess of 400 Iroquois performed a variety of missions in the region; over a nine-month period, the fleet cumulatively reached 31,000 flight hours and achieved a stable fully mission capable rate of 70%. The type comprised more than 20% of all rotorcraft across the coalition and recorded 21% of the overall flying hours. Even after the Gulf War, the US Army had more than 2,800 Iroquois in its inventory; in particular, 389 UH-1Vs comprised 76% of the Army's medevac aircraft. Nevertheless, plans were mooted as early as 1992 to undertake a slow withdrawal of the aging type in favor of larger and more technologically advanced rotorcraft. The US Army began phasing out the UH-1 with the introduction of the Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk starting in the 1980s, although the Army UH-1 Residual Fleet had around 700 UH-1s that were to be retained until 2015, primarily in support of Army Aviation training at Fort Rucker and in selected Army National Guard units. Army support for the craft was intended to end in 2004; The UH-1 was retired from active Army service in early 2005. During 2009, Army National Guard retirements of the UH-1 accelerated with the introduction of the Eurocopter UH-72 Lakota. In 2009 the Army National Guard marked 50 years of service of the Huey in the Army, and 40 with the National Guard and had a ceremonial end to its service at that time; in the coming years many final flights of the Huey in the State National Guard took place. The Washington, D.C. Army National Guard had its last flight in 2011, and Pennsylvania in 2010. The final U.S. Army UH-1 was retired in late 2016, and transferred to a State police department. In context, the Huey is still in service with the Armed Forces overall, and the Air Force UH-1N was still in service as of 2024, but scheduled for replacement.

Bell Helicopter UH1-H Dash Instruments lot to include 1) Airspeed 2) Type C-6 Indicator Bank and Turn 3) Indicator Tachometer 4) Indicator Azimuth ID-718/ARN 5) Gyro Horizon Gauge 6) Indicator Airspeed 7) Indicator Bank and Turn. These were brought back by a mechanic who worked on the UH-1 during the conflict. The Bell UH-1 Iroquois (nicknamed "Huey") is a utility military helicopter designed and produced by the American aerospace company Bell Helicopter. It is the first member of the prolific Huey family, as well as the first turbine-powered helicopter in service with the United States military. Development of the Iroquois started in the early 1950s, a major impetus being a requirement issued by the United States Army for a new medical evacuation and utility helicopter. The Bell 204, first flown on 20 October 1956, was warmly received, particularly for the performance of its single turboshaft engine over piston engine-powered counterparts. An initial production contract for 100 HU-1As was issued in March 1960. In response to criticisms over the rotorcraft's power, Bell quickly developed multiple models furnished with more powerful engines; in comparison to the prototype's Lycoming YT53-L-1 (LTC1B-1) engine, producing 700 shp (520 kW), by 1966, the Lycoming T53-L-13, capable of 1,400 shp (1,000 kW), was being installed on some models. A stretched version of the Iroquois, first flown during August 1961, was also produced in response to Army demands for a version that could accommodate more troops. Further modifications would include the use of all-aluminum construction, the adoption of a rotor brake, and alternative power plants. The Iroquois was first used in combat operations during the Vietnam War, the first examples being deployed in March 1962. It was used for various purposes, including conducting general support, air assault, cargo transport, aeromedical evacuation, search and rescue, electronic warfare, and ground attack missions. Armed Iroquois gunships carried a variety of weapons, including rockets, grenade launchers, and machine guns, and were often modified in the field to suit specific operations. The United States Air Force deployed its Iroquois to Vietnam, using them to conduct reconnaissance operations, psychological warfare, and other support roles. Other nations' armed air services, such as the Royal Australian Air Force, also dispatched their own Iroquois to Vietnam. In total, around 7,000 Iroquois were deployed in the Vietnam theatre, over 3,300 of which were believed to be destroyed. Various other conflicts have seen combat deployments of the Iroquois, such as the Rhodesian Bush War, Falklands War, War in Afghanistan, and the 2007 Lebanon conflict. The Iroquois was originally designated HU-1, hence the Huey nickname, which has remained in common use, despite the official redesignation to UH-1 in 1962. Various derivatives and developments of the Iroquois were produced. A dedicated attack helicopter, the Bell AH-1 Cobra, was derived from the UH-1, and retained a high degree of commonality. The Bell 204 and 205 are Iroquois versions developed for the civilian market. In response to demands from some customers, a twin-engined model, the UH-1N Twin Huey, was also developed during the late 1960s; a further updated four rotor model, the Bell 412, entered service in Canada but not the US. A further updated UH-1 with twin engines and four-bladed derivative, the Bell UH-1Y Venom, was also developed during the early twenty-first century for the USMC. In US Army service, the Iroquois was gradually phased out following the introduction of the Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk and the Eurocopter UH-72 Lakota in the early 21st century. However, hundreds were still in use more than 50 years following the type's introduction. In excess of 16,000 Iroquois have been built since 1960. With new orders from Japan and the Czech Republic, the UH-1 remains in production. Several export customers, such as Canada, Germany, Taiwan, Japan, and Italy, opted to produce the type under license. Operators have been located across the world, including the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and the Pacific region. Operational historyU.S. Army: The HU-1A (later redesignated UH-1A) first entered service with the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, the 82nd Airborne Division, and the 57th Medical Detachment. Although intended for evaluation only, the Army quickly pressed the new helicopter into operational service, and Hueys with the 57th Medical Detachment arrived in Vietnam in March 1962. The UH-1 has long been a symbol of US involvement in Southeast Asia in general and Vietnam in particular, and as a result of that conflict, has become one of the world's most recognized helicopters. In Vietnam primary missions included general support, air assault, cargo transport, aeromedical evacuation, search and rescue, electronic warfare, and later, ground attack. During the conflict, the craft was upgraded, notably to a larger version based on the Model 205. This version was initially designated the UH-1D and flew operationally from 1963. During its Vietnam War service, the UH-1 was used for various purposes and various terms for each task abounded. UH-1s tasked with ground attack or armed escort were outfitted with rocket launchers, grenade launchers, and machine guns. As early as 1962, UH-1s were modified locally by the companies themselves, who fabricated their own mounting systems. These gunship UH-1s were commonly referred to as "Frogs" or "Hogs" if they carried rockets, and "Cobras" or simply "Guns" if they had guns UH-1s tasked and configured for troop transport were often called "Slicks" due to an absence of weapons pods. Slicks did have door gunners, but were generally employed in the troop transport and medevac roles. UH-1s also flew hunter-killer teams with observation helicopters, namely the Bell OH-58A Kiowa and the Hughes OH-6 Cayuse (Loach). Towards the end of the conflict, the UH-1 was tested with TOW missiles, and two UH-1B helicopters equipped with the XM26 Armament Subsystem were deployed to help counter the 1972 Easter Invasion. USAF Lieutenant James P. Fleming piloted a UH-1F on a 26 November 1968 mission that earned him the Medal of Honor. During the course of the conflict, the UH-1 went through several upgrades. The UH-1A, B, and C models (short fuselage, Bell 204) and the UH-1D and H models (stretched-fuselage, Bell 205) each had improved performance and load-carrying capabilities. The UH-1B and C performed the gunship, and some of the transport duties in the early years of the Vietnam War. UH-1B/C gunships were replaced by the new AH-1 Cobra attack helicopter from 1967 to late 1968. The increasing intensity and sophistication of NVA anti-aircraft defenses made continued use of UH-1 gunships impractical, and after Vietnam the Cobra was adopted as the Army's main attack helicopter. Devotees of the UH-1 in the gunship role cite its ability to act as an impromptu Dustoff if the need arose, as well as the superior observational capabilities of the larger Huey cockpit, which allowed return fire from door gunners to the rear and sides of the aircraft. In air cavalry troops (i.e., companies) UH-1s were combined with infantry scouts, OH-6 and OH-58 aero-scout helicopters, and AH-1 attack helicopters to form several color-coded teams (viz., blue, white, red, purple, and pink) to perform various reconnaissance, security, and economy of force missions in fulfilling the traditional cavalry battlefield role. The Army tested a great variety of experimental weapons on the UH-1; nearly anything that could be carried. The Army desired weapons with large calibers and high rates of fire, which led to the testing of a 20 mm cannon on a large mount bolted to the cabin floor. The size of the weapon allowed very little room for movement. The Army further tested a full-size Vulcan cannon firing out the door of a UH-1. It was capable of firing 2400 rounds per minute, or about 40 rounds per second. Despite this being a significant reduction from the nearly 100 rounds per second fired by a standard Vulcan cannon, the installation proved too kinetic for the UH-1. Podded versions of the M24 20 mm cannon were tested in combat over Vietnam. There was a wide variety of 7.62 mm automatic weapons tested, including different installations of the M60 machine gun. AS-10 and SS-11 missiles were tested in several different configurations. High-capacity rocket launchers were also tested, such as the XM3 launcher, which had 24 launching tubes. Press photos were taken with the XM5 and XM3 installed on the same aircraft, but this arrangement could not be used because it was more than the gross take-off weight of the aircraft. During the Easter Offensive of 1972 by North Vietnam, experimental models of the TOW-firing XM26 were taken out of storage and sent to South Vietnam in response to the onslaught. The pilots had never fired a TOW missile before, and were given brief crash courses. Despite having little training with the units, the pilots managed to hit targets with 151 of the 162 missiles fired in combat, including a pair of tanks. The airborne TOW launchers were known as "Hawks Claws" and were based at Camp Holloway. During the conflict, 7,013 UH-1s served in Vietnam and of these 3,305 were destroyed. In total, 1,151 pilots were killed, along with 1,231 other crew members (these figures are not including Army of the Republic of Vietnam losses).  Post Vietnam, the US Army continued to operate large numbers of Iroquois; they would see further combat during the US invasion of Grenada in 1983, the US invasion of Panama in 1989, and the Gulf War in 1991. In the latter conflict, in excess of 400 Iroquois performed a variety of missions in the region; over a nine-month period, the fleet cumulatively reached 31,000 flight hours and achieved a stable fully mission capable rate of 70%. The type comprised more than 20% of all rotorcraft across the coalition and recorded 21% of the overall flying hours. Even after the Gulf War, the US Army had more than 2,800 Iroquois in its inventory; in particular, 389 UH-1Vs comprised 76% of the Army's medevac aircraft. Nevertheless, plans were mooted as early as 1992 to undertake a slow withdrawal of the aging type in favor of larger and more technologically advanced rotorcraft. The US Army began phasing out the UH-1 with the introduction of the Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk starting in the 1980s, although the Army UH-1 Residual Fleet had around 700 UH-1s that were to be retained until 2015, primarily in support of Army Aviation training at Fort Rucker and in selected Army National Guard units. Army support for the craft was intended to end in 2004; The UH-1 was retired from active Army service in early 2005. During 2009, Army National Guard retirements of the UH-1 accelerated with the introduction of the Eurocopter UH-72 Lakota. In 2009 the Army National Guard marked 50 years of service of the Huey in the Army, and 40 with the National Guard and had a ceremonial end to its service at that time; in the coming years many final flights of the Huey in the State National Guard took place. The Washington, D.C. Army National Guard had its last flight in 2011, and Pennsylvania in 2010. The final U.S. Army UH-1 was retired in late 2016, and transferred to a State police department. In context, the Huey is still in service with the Armed Forces overall, and the Air Force UH-1N was still in service as of 2024, but scheduled for replacement.

Bell Helicopter UH1-H Control Transponder Set C-6280A in excellent condition. Also in the lot is a Panel Control Unit SB-327/ARC-44. These were brought back by a mechanic who worked on the UH-1 during the conflict. The Bell UH-1 Iroquois (nicknamed "Huey") is a utility military helicopter designed and produced by the American aerospace company Bell Helicopter. It is the first member of the prolific Huey family, as well as the first turbine-powered helicopter in service with the United States military. Development of the Iroquois started in the early 1950s, a major impetus being a requirement issued by the United States Army for a new medical evacuation and utility helicopter. The Bell 204, first flown on 20 October 1956, was warmly received, particularly for the performance of its single turboshaft engine over piston engine-powered counterparts. An initial production contract for 100 HU-1As was issued in March 1960. In response to criticisms over the rotorcraft's power, Bell quickly developed multiple models furnished with more powerful engines; in comparison to the prototype's Lycoming YT53-L-1 (LTC1B-1) engine, producing 700 shp (520 kW), by 1966, the Lycoming T53-L-13, capable of 1,400 shp (1,000 kW), was being installed on some models. A stretched version of the Iroquois, first flown during August 1961, was also produced in response to Army demands for a version that could accommodate more troops. Further modifications would include the use of all-aluminum construction, the adoption of a rotor brake, and alternative power plants. The Iroquois was first used in combat operations during the Vietnam War, the first examples being deployed in March 1962. It was used for various purposes, including conducting general support, air assault, cargo transport, aeromedical evacuation, search and rescue, electronic warfare, and ground attack missions. Armed Iroquois gunships carried a variety of weapons, including rockets, grenade launchers, and machine guns, and were often modified in the field to suit specific operations. The United States Air Force deployed its Iroquois to Vietnam, using them to conduct reconnaissance operations, psychological warfare, and other support roles. Other nations' armed air services, such as the Royal Australian Air Force, also dispatched their own Iroquois to Vietnam. In total, around 7,000 Iroquois were deployed in the Vietnam theatre, over 3,300 of which were believed to be destroyed. Various other conflicts have seen combat deployments of the Iroquois, such as the Rhodesian Bush War, Falklands War, War in Afghanistan, and the 2007 Lebanon conflict. The Iroquois was originally designated HU-1, hence the Huey nickname, which has remained in common use, despite the official redesignation to UH-1 in 1962. Various derivatives and developments of the Iroquois were produced. A dedicated attack helicopter, the Bell AH-1 Cobra, was derived from the UH-1, and retained a high degree of commonality. The Bell 204 and 205 are Iroquois versions developed for the civilian market. In response to demands from some customers, a twin-engined model, the UH-1N Twin Huey, was also developed during the late 1960s; a further updated four rotor model, the Bell 412, entered service in Canada but not the US. A further updated UH-1 with twin engines and four-bladed derivative, the Bell UH-1Y Venom, was also developed during the early twenty-first century for the USMC. In US Army service, the Iroquois was gradually phased out following the introduction of the Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk and the Eurocopter UH-72 Lakota in the early 21st century. However, hundreds were still in use more than 50 years following the type's introduction. In excess of 16,000 Iroquois have been built since 1960. With new orders from Japan and the Czech Republic, the UH-1 remains in production. Several export customers, such as Canada, Germany, Taiwan, Japan, and Italy, opted to produce the type under license. Operators have been located across the world, including the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and the Pacific region. Operational historyU.S. Army: The HU-1A (later redesignated UH-1A) first entered service with the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, the 82nd Airborne Division, and the 57th Medical Detachment. Although intended for evaluation only, the Army quickly pressed the new helicopter into operational service, and Hueys with the 57th Medical Detachment arrived in Vietnam in March 1962. The UH-1 has long been a symbol of US involvement in Southeast Asia in general and Vietnam in particular, and as a result of that conflict, has become one of the world's most recognized helicopters. In Vietnam primary missions included general support, air assault, cargo transport, aeromedical evacuation, search and rescue, electronic warfare, and later, ground attack. During the conflict, the craft was upgraded, notably to a larger version based on the Model 205. This version was initially designated the UH-1D and flew operationally from 1963. During its Vietnam War service, the UH-1 was used for various purposes and various terms for each task abounded. UH-1s tasked with ground attack or armed escort were outfitted with rocket launchers, grenade launchers, and machine guns. As early as 1962, UH-1s were modified locally by the companies themselves, who fabricated their own mounting systems. These gunship UH-1s were commonly referred to as "Frogs" or "Hogs" if they carried rockets, and "Cobras" or simply "Guns" if they had guns UH-1s tasked and configured for troop transport were often called "Slicks" due to an absence of weapons pods. Slicks did have door gunners, but were generally employed in the troop transport and medevac roles. UH-1s also flew hunter-killer teams with observation helicopters, namely the Bell OH-58A Kiowa and the Hughes OH-6 Cayuse (Loach). Towards the end of the conflict, the UH-1 was tested with TOW missiles, and two UH-1B helicopters equipped with the XM26 Armament Subsystem were deployed to help counter the 1972 Easter Invasion. USAF Lieutenant James P. Fleming piloted a UH-1F on a 26 November 1968 mission that earned him the Medal of Honor. During the course of the conflict, the UH-1 went through several upgrades. The UH-1A, B, and C models (short fuselage, Bell 204) and the UH-1D and H models (stretched-fuselage, Bell 205) each had improved performance and load-carrying capabilities. The UH-1B and C performed the gunship, and some of the transport duties in the early years of the Vietnam War. UH-1B/C gunships were replaced by the new AH-1 Cobra attack helicopter from 1967 to late 1968. The increasing intensity and sophistication of NVA anti-aircraft defenses made continued use of UH-1 gunships impractical, and after Vietnam the Cobra was adopted as the Army's main attack helicopter. Devotees of the UH-1 in the gunship role cite its ability to act as an impromptu Dustoff if the need arose, as well as the superior observational capabilities of the larger Huey cockpit, which allowed return fire from door gunners to the rear and sides of the aircraft. In air cavalry troops (i.e., companies) UH-1s were combined with infantry scouts, OH-6 and OH-58 aero-scout helicopters, and AH-1 attack helicopters to form several color-coded teams (viz., blue, white, red, purple, and pink) to perform various reconnaissance, security, and economy of force missions in fulfilling the traditional cavalry battlefield role. The Army tested a great variety of experimental weapons on the UH-1; nearly anything that could be carried. The Army desired weapons with large calibers and high rates of fire, which led to the testing of a 20 mm cannon on a large mount bolted to the cabin floor. The size of the weapon allowed very little room for movement. The Army further tested a full-size Vulcan cannon firing out the door of a UH-1. It was capable of firing 2400 rounds per minute, or about 40 rounds per second. Despite this being a significant reduction from the nearly 100 rounds per second fired by a standard Vulcan cannon, the installation proved too kinetic for the UH-1. Podded versions of the M24 20 mm cannon were tested in combat over Vietnam. There was a wide variety of 7.62 mm automatic weapons tested, including different installations of the M60 machine gun. AS-10 and SS-11 missiles were tested in several different configurations. High-capacity rocket launchers were also tested, such as the XM3 launcher, which had 24 launching tubes. Press photos were taken with the XM5 and XM3 installed on the same aircraft, but this arrangement could not be used because it was more than the gross take-off weight of the aircraft. During the Easter Offensive of 1972 by North Vietnam, experimental models of the TOW-firing XM26 were taken out of storage and sent to South Vietnam in response to the onslaught. The pilots had never fired a TOW missile before, and were given brief crash courses. Despite having little training with the units, the pilots managed to hit targets with 151 of the 162 missiles fired in combat, including a pair of tanks. The airborne TOW launchers were known as "Hawks Claws" and were based at Camp Holloway. During the conflict, 7,013 UH-1s served in Vietnam and of these 3,305 were destroyed. In total, 1,151 pilots were killed, along with 1,231 other crew members (these figures are not including Army of the Republic of Vietnam losses).  Post Vietnam, the US Army continued to operate large numbers of Iroquois; they would see further combat during the US invasion of Grenada in 1983, the US invasion of Panama in 1989, and the Gulf War in 1991. In the latter conflict, in excess of 400 Iroquois performed a variety of missions in the region; over a nine-month period, the fleet cumulatively reached 31,000 flight hours and achieved a stable fully mission capable rate of 70%. The type comprised more than 20% of all rotorcraft across the coalition and recorded 21% of the overall flying hours. Even after the Gulf War, the US Army had more than 2,800 Iroquois in its inventory; in particular, 389 UH-1Vs comprised 76% of the Army's medevac aircraft. Nevertheless, plans were mooted as early as 1992 to undertake a slow withdrawal of the aging type in favor of larger and more technologically advanced rotorcraft. The US Army began phasing out the UH-1 with the introduction of the Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk starting in the 1980s, although the Army UH-1 Residual Fleet had around 700 UH-1s that were to be retained until 2015, primarily in support of Army Aviation training at Fort Rucker and in selected Army National Guard units. Army support for the craft was intended to end in 2004; The UH-1 was retired from active Army service in early 2005. During 2009, Army National Guard retirements of the UH-1 accelerated with the introduction of the Eurocopter UH-72 Lakota. In 2009 the Army National Guard marked 50 years of service of the Huey in the Army, and 40 with the National Guard and had a ceremonial end to its service at that time; in the coming years many final flights of the Huey in the State National Guard took place. The Washington, D.C. Army National Guard had its last flight in 2011, and Pennsylvania in 2010. The final U.S. Army UH-1 was retired in late 2016, and transferred to a State police department. In context, the Huey is still in service with the Armed Forces overall, and the Air Force UH-1N was still in service as of 2024, but scheduled for replacement.

Lot of UH-1 Helicopter parts to include 1) U.S. Vietnam War Era Aircraft Controller Grip Assembly As Used In Various Aircraft Types Such As Bell UH-1 Iroquois “Huey”. This multi function Stick is in excellent condition. 2) Controller Reference Set Model 8KE65AK3 Part number is dated 1968. This group of Helicopter parts came from a mechanic who worked on the UH-1 Huey. The Bell UH-1 Iroquois (nicknamed "Huey") is a utility military helicopter designed and produced by the American aerospace company Bell Helicopter. It is the first member of the prolific Huey family, as well as the first turbine-powered helicopter in service with the United States military. Development of the Iroquois started in the early 1950s, a major impetus being a requirement issued by the United States Army for a new medical evacuation and utility helicopter. The Bell 204, first flown on 20 October 1956, was warmly received, particularly for the performance of its single turboshaft engine over piston engine-powered counterparts. An initial production contract for 100 HU-1As was issued in March 1960. In response to criticisms over the rotorcraft's power, Bell quickly developed multiple models furnished with more powerful engines; in comparison to the prototype's Lycoming YT53-L-1 (LTC1B-1) engine, producing 700 shp (520 kW), by 1966, the Lycoming T53-L-13, capable of 1,400 shp (1,000 kW), was being installed on some models. A stretched version of the Iroquois, first flown during August 1961, was also produced in response to Army demands for a version that could accommodate more troops. Further modifications would include the use of all-aluminum construction, the adoption of a rotor brake, and alternative power plants. The Iroquois was first used in combat operations during the Vietnam War, the first examples being deployed in March 1962. It was used for various purposes, including conducting general support, air assault, cargo transport, aeromedical evacuation, search and rescue, electronic warfare, and ground attack missions. Armed Iroquois gunships carried a variety of weapons, including rockets, grenade launchers, and machine guns, and were often modified in the field to suit specific operations. The United States Air Force deployed its Iroquois to Vietnam, using them to conduct reconnaissance operations, psychological warfare, and other support roles. Other nations' armed air services, such as the Royal Australian Air Force, also dispatched their own Iroquois to Vietnam. In total, around 7,000 Iroquois were deployed in the Vietnam theatre, over 3,300 of which were believed to be destroyed. Various other conflicts have seen combat deployments of the Iroquois, such as the Rhodesian Bush War, Falklands War, War in Afghanistan, and the 2007 Lebanon conflict. The Iroquois was originally designated HU-1, hence the Huey nickname, which has remained in common use, despite the official redesignation to UH-1 in 1962. Various derivatives and developments of the Iroquois were produced. A dedicated attack helicopter, the Bell AH-1 Cobra, was derived from the UH-1, and retained a high degree of commonality. The Bell 204 and 205 are Iroquois versions developed for the civilian market. In response to demands from some customers, a twin-engined model, the UH-1N Twin Huey, was also developed during the late 1960s; a further updated four rotor model, the Bell 412, entered service in Canada but not the US. A further updated UH-1 with twin engines and four-bladed derivative, the Bell UH-1Y Venom, was also developed during the early twenty-first century for the USMC. In US Army service, the Iroquois was gradually phased out following the introduction of the Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk and the Eurocopter UH-72 Lakota in the early 21st century. However, hundreds were still in use more than 50 years following the type's introduction. In excess of 16,000 Iroquois have been built since 1960. With new orders from Japan and the Czech Republic, the UH-1 remains in production. Several export customers, such as Canada, Germany, Taiwan, Japan, and Italy, opted to produce the type under license. Operators have been located across the world, including the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and the Pacific region. Operational historyU.S. Army: The HU-1A (later redesignated UH-1A) first entered service with the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, the 82nd Airborne Division, and the 57th Medical Detachment. Although intended for evaluation only, the Army quickly pressed the new helicopter into operational service, and Hueys with the 57th Medical Detachment arrived in Vietnam in March 1962. The UH-1 has long been a symbol of US involvement in Southeast Asia in general and Vietnam in particular, and as a result of that conflict, has become one of the world's most recognized helicopters. In Vietnam primary missions included general support, air assault, cargo transport, aeromedical evacuation, search and rescue, electronic warfare, and later, ground attack. During the conflict, the craft was upgraded, notably to a larger version based on the Model 205. This version was initially designated the UH-1D and flew operationally from 1963. During its Vietnam War service, the UH-1 was used for various purposes and various terms for each task abounded. UH-1s tasked with ground attack or armed escort were outfitted with rocket launchers, grenade launchers, and machine guns. As early as 1962, UH-1s were modified locally by the companies themselves, who fabricated their own mounting systems. These gunship UH-1s were commonly referred to as "Frogs" or "Hogs" if they carried rockets, and "Cobras" or simply "Guns" if they had guns UH-1s tasked and configured for troop transport were often called "Slicks" due to an absence of weapons pods. Slicks did have door gunners, but were generally employed in the troop transport and medevac roles. UH-1s also flew hunter-killer teams with observation helicopters, namely the Bell OH-58A Kiowa and the Hughes OH-6 Cayuse (Loach). Towards the end of the conflict, the UH-1 was tested with TOW missiles, and two UH-1B helicopters equipped with the XM26 Armament Subsystem were deployed to help counter the 1972 Easter Invasion. USAF Lieutenant James P. Fleming piloted a UH-1F on a 26 November 1968 mission that earned him the Medal of Honor. During the course of the conflict, the UH-1 went through several upgrades. The UH-1A, B, and C models (short fuselage, Bell 204) and the UH-1D and H models (stretched-fuselage, Bell 205) each had improved performance and load-carrying capabilities. The UH-1B and C performed the gunship, and some of the transport duties in the early years of the Vietnam War. UH-1B/C gunships were replaced by the new AH-1 Cobra attack helicopter from 1967 to late 1968. The increasing intensity and sophistication of NVA anti-aircraft defenses made continued use of UH-1 gunships impractical, and after Vietnam the Cobra was adopted as the Army's main attack helicopter. Devotees of the UH-1 in the gunship role cite its ability to act as an impromptu Dustoff if the need arose, as well as the superior observational capabilities of the larger Huey cockpit, which allowed return fire from door gunners to the rear and sides of the aircraft. In air cavalry troops (i.e., companies) UH-1s were combined with infantry scouts, OH-6 and OH-58 aero-scout helicopters, and AH-1 attack helicopters to form several color-coded teams (viz., blue, white, red, purple, and pink) to perform various reconnaissance, security, and economy of force missions in fulfilling the traditional cavalry battlefield role. The Army tested a great variety of experimental weapons on the UH-1; nearly anything that could be carried. The Army desired weapons with large calibers and high rates of fire, which led to the testing of a 20 mm cannon on a large mount bolted to the cabin floor. The size of the weapon allowed very little room for movement. The Army further tested a full-size Vulcan cannon firing out the door of a UH-1. It was capable of firing 2400 rounds per minute, or about 40 rounds per second. Despite this being a significant reduction from the nearly 100 rounds per second fired by a standard Vulcan cannon, the installation proved too kinetic for the UH-1. Podded versions of the M24 20 mm cannon were tested in combat over Vietnam. There was a wide variety of 7.62 mm automatic weapons tested, including different installations of the M60 machine gun. AS-10 and SS-11 missiles were tested in several different configurations. High-capacity rocket launchers were also tested, such as the XM3 launcher, which had 24 launching tubes. Press photos were taken with the XM5 and XM3 installed on the same aircraft, but this arrangement could not be used because it was more than the gross take-off weight of the aircraft. During the Easter Offensive of 1972 by North Vietnam, experimental models of the TOW-firing XM26 were taken out of storage and sent to South Vietnam in response to the onslaught. The pilots had never fired a TOW missile before, and were given brief crash courses. Despite having little training with the units, the pilots managed to hit targets with 151 of the 162 missiles fired in combat, including a pair of tanks. The airborne TOW launchers were known as "Hawks Claws" and were based at Camp Holloway. During the conflict, 7,013 UH-1s served in Vietnam and of these 3,305 were destroyed. In total, 1,151 pilots were killed, along with 1,231 other crew members (these figures are not including Army of the Republic of Vietnam losses).  Post Vietnam, the US Army continued to operate large numbers of Iroquois; they would see further combat during the US invasion of Grenada in 1983, the US invasion of Panama in 1989, and the Gulf War in 1991. In the latter conflict, in excess of 400 Iroquois performed a variety of missions in the region; over a nine-month period, the fleet cumulatively reached 31,000 flight hours and achieved a stable fully mission capable rate of 70%. The type comprised more than 20% of all rotorcraft across the coalition and recorded 21% of the overall flying hours. Even after the Gulf War, the US Army had more than 2,800 Iroquois in its inventory; in particular, 389 UH-1Vs comprised 76% of the Army's medevac aircraft. Nevertheless, plans were mooted as early as 1992 to undertake a slow withdrawal of the aging type in favor of larger and more technologically advanced rotorcraft. The US Army began phasing out the UH-1 with the introduction of the Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk starting in the 1980s, although the Army UH-1 Residual Fleet had around 700 UH-1s that were to be retained until 2015, primarily in support of Army Aviation training at Fort Rucker and in selected Army National Guard units. Army support for the craft was intended to end in 2004; The UH-1 was retired from active Army service in early 2005. During 2009, Army National Guard retirements of the UH-1 accelerated with the introduction of the Eurocopter UH-72 Lakota. In 2009 the Army National Guard marked 50 years of service of the Huey in the Army, and 40 with the National Guard and had a ceremonial end to its service at that time; in the coming years many final flights of the Huey in the State National Guard took place. The Washington, D.C. Army National Guard had its last flight in 2011, and Pennsylvania in 2010. The final U.S. Army UH-1 was retired in late 2016, and transferred to a State police department. In context, the Huey is still in service with the Armed Forces overall, and the Air Force UH-1N was still in service as of 2024, but scheduled for replacement.

Vietnam UH-1 Armored Pilots Seat still retaining the armored plates in excellent condition. THIRD PARTY SHIPPING ONLY. This seat was souvenired by a mechanic who worked on the Huey during the Conflict. Seat still retains the nomenclature tag to the reverse. Excellent. The Bell UH-1 Iroquois (nicknamed "Huey") is a utility military helicopter designed and produced by the American aerospace company Bell Helicopter. It is the first member of the prolific Huey family, as well as the first turbine-powered helicopter in service with the United States military. Development of the Iroquois started in the early 1950s, a major impetus being a requirement issued by the United States Army for a new medical evacuation and utility helicopter. The Bell 204, first flown on 20 October 1956, was warmly received, particularly for the performance of its single turboshaft engine over piston engine-powered counterparts. An initial production contract for 100 HU-1As was issued in March 1960. In response to criticisms over the rotorcraft's power, Bell quickly developed multiple models furnished with more powerful engines; in comparison to the prototype's Lycoming YT53-L-1 (LTC1B-1) engine, producing 700 shp (520 kW), by 1966, the Lycoming T53-L-13, capable of 1,400 shp (1,000 kW), was being installed on some models. A stretched version of the Iroquois, first flown during August 1961, was also produced in response to Army demands for a version that could accommodate more troops. Further modifications would include the use of all-aluminum construction, the adoption of a rotor brake, and alternative powerplants. The Iroquois was first used in combat operations during the Vietnam War, the first examples being deployed in March 1962. It was used for various purposes, including conducting general support, air assault, cargo transport, aeromedical evacuation, search and rescue, electronic warfare, and ground attack missions. Armed Iroquois gunships carried a variety of weapons, including rockets, grenade launchers, and machine guns, and were often modified in the field to suit specific operations. The United States Air Force deployed its Iroquois to Vietnam, using them to conduct reconnaissance operations, psychological warfare, and other support roles. Other nations' armed air services, such as the Royal Australian Air Force, also dispatched their own Iroquois to Vietnam. In total, around 7,000 Iroquois were deployed in the Vietnam theatre, over 3,300 of which were believed to be destroyed. Various other conflicts have seen combat deployments of the Iroquois, such as the Rhodesian Bush War, Falklands War, War in Afghanistan, and the 2007 Lebanon conflict. The Iroquois was originally designated HU-1, hence the Huey nickname, which has remained in common use, despite the official redesignation to UH-1 in 1962. Various derivatives and developments of the Iroquois were produced. A dedicated attack helicopter, the Bell AH-1 Cobra, was derived from the UH-1, and retained a high degree of commonality. The Bell 204 and 205 are Iroquois versions developed for the civilian market. In response to demands from some customers, a twin-engined model, the UH-1N Twin Huey, was also developed during the late 1960s; a further updated four rotor model, the Bell 412, entered service in Canada but not the US. A further updated UH-1 with twin engines and four-bladed derivative, the Bell UH-1Y Venom, was also developed during the early twenty-first century for the USMC. In US Army service, the Iroquois was gradually phased out following the introduction of the Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk and the Eurocopter UH-72 Lakota in the early 21st century. However, hundreds were still in use more than 50 years following the type's introduction. In excess of 16,000 Iroquois have been built since 1960. With new orders from Japan and the Czech Republic, the UH-1 remains in production. Several export customers, such as Canada, Germany, Taiwan, Japan, and Italy, opted to produced the type under license. Operators have been located across the world, including the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and the Pacific region. Operational historyU.S. Army: The HU-1A (later redesignated UH-1A) first entered service with the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, the 82nd Airborne Division, and the 57th Medical Detachment. Although intended for evaluation only, the Army quickly pressed the new helicopter into operational service, and Hueys with the 57th Medical Detachment arrived in Vietnam in March 1962. The UH-1 has long been a symbol of US involvement in Southeast Asia in general and Vietnam in particular, and as a result of that conflict, has become one of the world's most recognized helicopters. In Vietnam primary missions included general support, air assault, cargo transport, aeromedical evacuation, search and rescue, electronic warfare, and later, ground attack. During the conflict, the craft was upgraded, notably to a larger version based on the Model 205. This version was initially designated the UH-1D and flew operationally from 1963. During its Vietnam War service, the UH-1 was used for various purposes and various terms for each task abounded. UH-1s tasked with ground attack or armed escort were outfitted with rocket launchers, grenade launchers, and machine guns. As early as 1962, UH-1s were modified locally by the companies themselves, who fabricated their own mounting systems. These gunship UH-1s were commonly referred to as "Frogs" or "Hogs" if they carried rockets, and "Cobras" or simply "Guns" if they had guns UH-1s tasked and configured for troop transport were often called "Slicks" due to an absence of weapons pods. Slicks did have door gunners, but were generally employed in the troop transport and medevac roles. UH-1s also flew hunter-killer teams with observation helicopters, namely the Bell OH-58A Kiowa and the Hughes OH-6 Cayuse (Loach). Towards the end of the conflict, the UH-1 was tested with TOW missiles, and two UH-1B helicopters equipped with the XM26 Armament Subsystem were deployed to help counter the 1972 Easter Invasion. USAF Lieutenant James P. Fleming piloted a UH-1F on a 26 November 1968 mission that earned him the Medal of Honor. During the course of the conflict, the UH-1 went through several upgrades. The UH-1A, B, and C models (short fuselage, Bell 204) and the UH-1D and H models (stretched-fuselage, Bell 205) each had improved performance and load-carrying capabilities. The UH-1B and C performed the gunship, and some of the transport, duties in the early years of the Vietnam War. UH-1B/C gunships were replaced by the new AH-1 Cobra attack helicopter from 1967 to late 1968. The increasing intensity and sophistication of NVA anti-aircraft defenses made continued use of UH-1 gunships impractical, and after Vietnam the Cobra was adopted as the Army's main attack helicopter. Devotees of the UH-1 in the gunship role cite its ability to act as an impromptu Dustoff if the need arose, as well as the superior observational capabilities of the larger Huey cockpit, which allowed return fire from door gunners to the rear and sides of the aircraft. In air cavalry troops (i.e., companies) UH-1s were combined with infantry scouts, OH-6 and OH-58 aero-scout helicopters, and AH-1 attack helicopters to form several color-coded teams (viz., blue, white, red, purple, and pink) to perform various reconnaissance, security, and economy of force missions in fulfilling the traditional cavalry battlefield role. The Army tested a great variety of experimental weapons on the UH-1; nearly anything that could be carried. The Army desired weapons with large calibers and high rates of fire, which led to the testing of a 20 mm cannon on a large mount bolted to the cabin floor. The size of the weapon allowed very little room for movement. The Army further tested a full-size Vulcan cannon firing out the door of a UH-1. It was capable of firing 2400 rounds per minute, or about 40 rounds per second. Despite this being a significant reduction from the nearly 100 rounds per second fired by a standard Vulcan cannon, the installation proved too kinetic for the UH-1. Podded versions of the M24 20 mm cannon were tested in combat over Vietnam. There was a wide variety of 7.62 mm automatic weapons tested, including different installations of the M60 machine gun. AS-10 and SS-11 missiles were tested in several different configurations. High-capacity rocket launchers were also tested, such as the XM3 launcher, which had 24 launching tubes. Press photos were taken with the XM5 and XM3 installed on the same aircraft, but this arrangement could not be used because it was more than the gross take-off weight of the aircraft. During the Easter Offensive of 1972 by North Vietnam, experimental models of the TOW-firing XM26 were taken out of storage and sent to South Vietnam in response to the onslaught. The pilots had never fired a TOW missile before, and were given brief crash courses. Despite having little training with the units, the pilots managed to hit targets with 151 of the 162 missiles fired in combat, including a pair of tanks. The airborne TOW launchers were known as "Hawks Claws" and were based at Camp Holloway. During the conflict, 7,013 UH-1s served in Vietnam and of these 3,305 were destroyed. In total, 1,151 pilots were killed, along with 1,231 other crew members (these figures are not including Army of the Republic of Vietnam losses).  Post Vietnam, the US Army continued to operate large numbers of Iroquois; they would see further combat during the US invasion of Grenada in 1983, the US invasion of Panama in 1989, and the Gulf War in 1991. In the latter conflict, in excess of 400 Iroquois performed a variety of missions in the region; over a nine-month period, the fleet cumulatively reached 31,000 flight hours and achieved a stable fully mission capable rate of 70%. The type comprised more than 20% of all rotorcraft across the coalition and recorded 21% of the overall flying hours. Even after the Gulf War, the US Army had more than 2,800 Iroquois in its inventory; in particular, 389 UH-1Vs comprised 76% of the Army's medevac aircraft. Nevertheless, plans were mooted as early as 1992 to undertake a slow withdrawal of the aging type in favor of larger and more technologically advanced rotorcraft. The US Army began phasing out the UH-1 with the introduction of the Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk starting in the 1980s, although the Army UH-1 Residual Fleet had around 700 UH-1s that were to be retained until 2015, primarily in support of Army Aviation training at Fort Rucker and in selected Army National Guard units. Army support for the craft was intended to end in 2004; The UH-1 was retired from active Army service in early 2005. During 2009, Army National Guard retirements of the UH-1 accelerated with the introduction of the Eurocopter UH-72 Lakota. In 2009 the Army National Guard marked 50 years of service of the Huey in the Army, and 40 with the National Guard and had a ceremonial end to its service at that time; in the coming years many final flights of the Huey in State National Guard took place. The Washington, D.C. Army National Guard had its last flight in 2011, and Pennsylvania in 2010. The final U.S. Army UH-1 was retired in late 2016, and transferred to a State police department. In context, the Huey is still in service with the Armed Forces overall, and the Air Force UH-1N were still in service as of 2024, but scheduled for replacement. THIRD PARTY SHIPPING ONLY.

Lot of named items from a member of the 328th Infantry Regiment of the 26th Division. Items to include ephemera and Photos, Patches including Shoulder Sleeve Insignia and Rank Chevrons. World War IIOrder of battle: The 26th Division was available to the Eastern Defense Command (EDC) from December 1941 through early 1942 for mobile defense; the 104th Infantry remained on this duty through January 1943. As a part of an army-wide reorganization, the division's two infantry brigade headquarters were disbanded in favor of a structure containing three separate regimental commands; the division was reorganized under the "triangular" structure and redesignated as the 26th Infantry Division on 12 February 1942. On 14 January 1942, the 182nd Infantry Regiment was sent to New Caledonia to help form the Americal Division, while on 27 January 1942, the 181st Infantry Regiment was relieved from the 26th Division and reassigned to the Eastern Defense Command. On 27 January 1943, the 328th Infantry Regiment, a unit which had been rendered surplus by the conversion of the 82nd Infantry Division into an airborne division, was assigned to the 26th Infantry Division to replace its two lost regiments. Overseas: The division was assigned to III Corps of the U.S. Ninth Army, under Lieutenant General William Hood Simpson, part of the 12th Army Group, commanded by Lieutenant General Omar Bradley. It was shipped from the United States directly to France, and was not sent through Britain. The 26th ID landed in France at Cherbourg and Utah Beach on 7 September 1944, but did not enter combat as a division until a month later. Elements were on patrol duty along the coast from Carteret to Siouville from 13 to 30 September. The 328th Infantry saw action with the 80th Infantry Division from 5 to 15 October.  The division was then reassigned to XII Corps of Lieutenant General George S. Patton's U.S. Third Army. On 7 October, the 26th relieved the 4th Armored Division in the Salonnes-Moncourt-Canal du Rhine au Marne sector, and maintained defensive positions. The division launched a limited objective attack on 22 October, in the Moncourt woods. On 8 November, the 26th then went on the offensive, along with first all Black tank Battalion, the 761st, who spearheaded the assault, the 26th Division took Dieuze on 20 November, advanced across the Saar River to Saar Union, and captured it on 2 December, after house-to-house fighting. Reaching Maginot fortifications on 5 December, it regrouped, entering Sarreguemines on 8 December.  Around this time it was reassigned to III Corps. Rest at Metz was interrupted by the German offensive in the Ardennes, the Battle of the Bulge. The division moved north to Luxembourg from 19 to 21 December, to take part in the battle of the Ardennes break-through. It attacked at Rambrouch and Grosbous on 22 December, beat off strong German counterattacks, captured Arsdorf on Christmas Day after heavy fighting, attacked toward the Wiltz River, but was forced to withdraw in the face of determined German resistance. After regrouping on 5–8 January 1945, it attacked again, crossing the Wiltz River on 20 January. The division continued its advance, taking Grummelscheid on 21 January, and crossed the Clerf River on 24 January. The division was reassigned to XX Corps. The division immediately shifted to the east bank of the Saar, and maintained defensive positions in the Saarlautern area from 29 January until 6 March 1945. The division's drive to the Rhine River jumped off on 13 March 1945, and carried the division through Merzig from 17 March, to the Rhine by 21 March, and across the Rhine at Oppenheim on 25–26 March. The division was subsequently reassigned to XII Corps. It took part in the house-to-house reduction of Hanau on 28 March, broke out of the Main River bridgehead, drove through Fulda on 1 April, and helped reduce Meiningen on 5 April. Moving southeast into Austria, the division assisted in the capture of Linz, 5 May. It had changed the direction of its advance, and was moving northeast into Czechoslovakia, across the Vltava River, when the cease-fire order was received. One day later, the division overran the Gusen concentration camp in conjunction with the 11th Armored Division, liberating it from German forces. There, it discovered that the Germans had used forced labor to carve out an elaborate tunnel system with underground aircraft production facilities. SS officers at the camp allegedly planned to demolish the tunnels with the prisoners inside, but the movement of the 26th Infantry and 11th Armored Divisions prevented this. Casualties: Total battle casualties: 10,701 Killed in action: 1,850 Wounded in action: 7,886 Missing in action: 159 Prisoner of war: 806 Post-war: The 26th Infantry Division received one Distinguished Unit Citation (3rd Battalion, 101st Infantry Regiment, 18–21 November 1944; WD GO 109, 1945). Soldiers were awarded two Medals of Honor, 38 Distinguished Service Crosses, seven Legions of Merit, 927 Silver Stars, 42 Soldier's Medals, 5,331 Bronze Star Medals, and 98 Air Medals. The division returned to the United States and inactivated at Camp Myles Standish, Massachusetts on 21 December 1945.

MINT Cold War Era RPG-22 Inert Rocket Propelled Grenade in excellent condition. dated 1987 with instructional diagrams stickers still applied to its side. The Soviet RPG-22 Netto is a one-shot disposable anti-tank rocket launcher first deployed in 1985, based on the RPG-18 rocket launcher, but firing a larger 72.5 mm fin stabilised projectile. The weapon fires an unguided projectile, can be prepared to fire in around 10 seconds, and can penetrate 400 mm of armour, 1.2 metres of brick or 1 metre of reinforced concrete. Operation: The smoothbore container is made from two fibreglass parts; a main tube containing the rocket, and a telescoping forward extension, which slides over the barrel.  In transport mode, both ends of the barrel are closed by plastic covers, which open when the weapon is extended. The firing mechanism is manually cocked by raising the rear sight. Lowering the rear sight de-cocks the weapon if there is no target. On firing, there is a backblast danger area behind the weapon, of at least 15 metres. The solid propellant motor completely burns out while the rocket is still in the barrel tube, accelerating it to about 133 metres per second. The weapon has simple pop-up sights graduated to ranges of 50, 150 and 250 metres.To keep training costs down, a reusable RPG-22 is available that fires a 30 mm sub calibre projectile, weighing 350g, to operational ranges. Handling is identical to that of the full calibre version, with the exception of the discharge noise and backblast. Real IRA use: On the evening of 20 September 2000, dissident Irish Republican group the Real IRA attacked the MI6 Building in London (the headquarters of the British Secret Intelligence Service) with a single RPG-22 round, causing superficial damage - see 2000 MI6 attack. The rocket used in London was made in Russia; a rocket found in a Real IRA cache near Dungannon came from Bulgaria. A weapons cache destined for the Real IRA, seized in Croatia in August 2000, contained a number of RPG-22s.

Collection of 5 Weaver Scopes in various conditions but are still serviceable grading Very good to excellent. The following models are in the lot Weaver V12-1 USA, Weaver K1.5-1 USA, Weaver  K2.5 USA, Weaver K4-C3 and a .22 Target Model

A third pattern Fairbairn-Sykes fighting knife with a 17cm stiletto style blade with high central spine. The blade is in excellent condition with nice cross-graining. The cast blackened brass handle has twenty-seven concentric rings. The knife has a straight 5cm wide cross guard. The brown leather scabbard has a round tipped, riveted on, blackened brass fitting to the bottom and raised, stitched spine to reverse. Sewn to the spine is a leather tab that was used for stitching the sheath to clothing. Riveted to the top of the scabbard is a leather tab with slashes for leg straps and the elastic retaining strap for the knife. Nice. The Fairbairn-Sykes fighting knife came about through the need for a good fighting knife for the newly formed commando units. W. E. Fairbairn, E. A. Sykes and Robert Wilkinson Latham of the Wilkinson Sword Company, had a meeting in November of 1940 at which W. E. Fairbairn and E. A. Sykes described the knife they wanted and preliminary sketches were drawn up and the Fairbairn-Sykes fighting knife was created. There were three major patterns of the knife produced.

This is a 1950's production Korean War issue M1C Paratrooper helmet that has a rear seam and a set of swivel (movable) chinstrap loops called "bales". The rims were both rust resistant and had "non-magnetic qualities" that reduced the chance of error readings when placed around certain sensitive equipment (such as a compass). The liner is correct "high pressure" WWII issue and stamped with the Capac Company logo with frontal eyelet and OD A Frames. Many surplus WWII Helmet liners (and helmets) were put back into service with the outbreak of the Korean war. They produced approximately between 2,000,000 - 4,000,000 M-1 helmet liners and discontinued production around August 17 1945 when the war ended. This true M1 liner can be identified through the frontal eyelet hole. Other correct WW2 features include cotton herringbone twill (HBT) cloth suspension liner. This HBT suspension is held tightly within the M-1 helmet liner by rivets and a series of triangular "A" washers. The three upper suspension bands are joined together with a shoestring. This way the wearer could adjust the fit. The M1C helmet was a variant of the U.S. Army's popular and iconic M1 helmet. Developed in World War II to replace the earlier M2 helmet, it was not made available until issued to paratroopers in January 1945. It was different from the M2 in various ways, most importantly its bails (chinstrap hinges). The M2 had fixed, spot welded "D" bales so named for their shape, similar to early M1s. It was found that when sat on or dropped, these bails would snap off. The solution was the implementation of the swivel bail, which could move around and so was less susceptible to breaking. Like the M2, its most visible difference from the standard infantry M1 helmet was the liner. The liner of the M1C, like most paratrooper liners, had a set of "A yokes" or straps fixed to the side of the liner to enable the use of a four-point chinstrap with leather chin cup to give support to the head and neck and prevent adverse movement during jumps. It used a simple but strong and reliable belt loop-type connection to secure the chinstrap to the a-yokes, which could be opened or closed from either side and thus partially removed without tools. This retention system was not significantly different to the M2's, and the normal infantry chinstrap could still be attached to the helmet shell if desired. Often, however, these modified liners could not be manufactured in time for jumps so they were modified by the soldiers themselves. Another difference of the M1C was the chinstraps (this was seen on the M2). The chinstraps found on the M2 and M1C both had a button snap on the end so as to be fastened to the liner. Despite the numerous differences between the M1C and the standard M1 helmet, the shell of the M1C is practically identical to standard swivel bail infantry helmets, making a concrete identification of a helmet as an M1C difficult. There's an argument to be made that the important part of an M1C is actually just a liner with the four-point chinstrap that can slip into any M1 helmet. The M1C would continue in US service after World War II, with a new split-fabric chinstrap introduced between the Korean War and the Vietnam War not dissimilar to the one seen on the later PASGT helmet, but retaining the belt loop-style chinstrap connection. The M1C would remain in service until the adoption of PASGT, though the M1C would remain a fairly uncommon sight after Korea. They do turn up in various non-airborne units in Vietnam photography, however, suggesting that outside of jump-rated units they were treated like any other M1 and that they were perhaps more common than some thought.

Lot of French Uniforms to include 1) French Foreign Legion Sergeant Majors Complete Uniform from the 2ns Para Regiment. Uniform is complete with Jacket, Shirtand Trousers. Jacket is adorned with Badges and Aiguillette. Uniform is roughly a size 40. Excellent. 2) French 47/56 Pattern Lizard Camo Para Jacket. The Pattern 47/56 was the last uniform adopted specifically for Parachute troops in the French Army. It was used extensively in the Algerian War. This uniform was also used by the Israeli paratroopers, and has been produced for many African countries as well.

Early French Indochina Brass Bugle measuring 19 inches and is embossed to the bell Coufsnon 105.Rue LA FAYETTE PARIS Made in France. Attached to the bugle is a triangular North Vietnamese pennant that is single sided measuring 15 1/2 inches long X 10 inches wide.

WWII British field gear lot to include three ammo pouches, two Bren Magazines and Leather Holster, all are excellent.

Very crude Japanese hand cannon measuring roughly 9 1/4 inches in total still retaining the original lanyard. Excellent.

WWII Japanese Bayonet and National Flag lot to include 1) WWII Japanese Type 30 bayonet. The age-darkened, contoured wraparound wooden grips are fixed with two screws. The blued, hooked contoured metal crossguard has a circular muzzle guide. The 40cm fullered white blade. The maker’s mark to the ricasso is that of the Tokyo Arsenal. 2) Small Japanese National Flag that is printed measuring 11 1/2 X 18 inches. Excellent.

WWII & Post Military items to include Two Practice Grenades and a M1903 Rifle Sling. All are excellent.

British WWII Binocular with Carrying Pouch. In excellent condition a British WW2 Binocular MkII Nr.2 with Carrying pouch. The binoculars come with clear glasses and are nicely maker marked and 1940 dated. The carrying pouch is 1941 dated and maker marked.

WWII Japanese Army & Navy Bomb Fuze lot to include a Type 94 Instant / Short Delay and others. All are excellent

Lot of US Military items to include 1) Two Burner Military Gasoline Field Stove w/ Carrying Case. NSN: 7310-00-263-8736 Number of Burners: Two, 5000 BTU/HR Fuel Type: Gasoline Comes with Windshield & Carrying Case.Carrying case is 16" long, 9 1/2" tall, and 5" deep.Stamped "US" on Carrying Case. Stove stamped SMP 1980's date (date of manufacture) Windshield coated in a thin layer of grease. 2) American Red Cross Flag measuring 18 X 29 inches and is printed on wool. The tag to the interior dates the flag to 1969. Excellent.

Large crashed P-80 Lockheed Shooting Star part measuring about 30 inches long and made of Aircraft Aluminum. Also in the lot is a copy of TIME dated August 13, 1945 with the front cover showing a P80. The Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star was the first jet fighter used operationally by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) during World War II. Designed and built by Lockheed in 1943 and delivered just 143 days from the start of design, two pre-production models saw limited service in Italy just before the end of World War II. Designed with straight wings, the type saw extensive combat in Korea with the United States Air Force (USAF) as the F-80. America's first successful turbojet-powered combat aircraft, it was soon outclassed with the appearance of the swept-wing transonic MiG-15 and was quickly replaced in the air superiority role by the transonic F-86 Sabre. The F-94 Starfire, an all-weather interceptor using the same airframe, also saw Korean War service. The closely related T-33 Shooting Star trainer remained in service with the U.S. Air Force and Navy well into the 1980s, with the last NT-33 variant not retired until April 1997. Operational history: The Shooting Star began to enter service in late 1944 with 12 pre-production YP-80As, one of which was destroyed in the accident in which Burcham was killed. A 13th YP-80A was modified to the sole F-14 photo reconnaissance model and lost in a December crash. Four were sent to Europe for operational testing (demonstration, familiarization, and possible interception roles), two to England and two to the 1st Fighter Group at Lesina Airfield, Italy, but when test pilot Major Frederic Borsodi was killed in a crash caused by an engine fire while demonstrating a YP-80A (44-83026) at RAF Burtonwood, Lancashire, England, on 28 January 1945, the YP-80A was temporarily grounded. Before World War II ended, however, two American pre-production Lockheed YP-80A Shooting Star fighter jets saw limited service in Italy with the USAAF on reconnaissance, in February and March 1945. Because of delays in delivery of production aircraft, the Shooting Star saw no actual combat during the conflict. The initial production order was for 344 P-80As after USAAF acceptance in February 1945. A total of 83 P-80s had been delivered by the end of July 1945 and 45 assigned to the 412th Fighter Group (later redesignated the 1st Fighter Group) at Muroc Army Air Field. Production continued after the war, although wartime plans for 5,000 were quickly reduced to 2,000 at a little under $100,000 each. A total of 1,714 single-seat F-80A, F-80B, F-80C, and RF-80s were manufactured by the end of production in 1950, of which 927 were F-80Cs (including 129 operational F-80As upgraded to F-80C-11-LO standards). However, the two-seat TF-80C, first flown on 22 March 1948, became the basis for the T-33 trainer, of which 6,557 were produced. On 27 January 1946, Colonel William H. Councill flew a P-80 nonstop across the U.S. to make the first transcontinental jet flight. He completed the 2,457 miles (3,954 km) run between Long Beach and New York in 4:13:26 hrs at an average speed of 584 mph (507 kn; 940 km/h), aided by the upper-level westerly winds, to set a Fédération Aéronautique Internationale record. The P-80B prototype, modified as a racer and designated P-80R, was piloted by Colonel Albert Boyd to a world air speed record of 623.73 mph (1,004.2 km/h) on 19 June 1947. The P-80C began production in 1948; on 11 June the newly formed United States Air Force redesignated the type as F-80C. The USAF Strategic Air Command had F-80 Shooting Stars in service from 1946 through 1948 with the 1st and 56th Fighter Groups. The first P-80s to serve in Europe joined the 55th Fighter Group (later redesignated the 31st FG) at Giebelstadt, Germany, in 1946, remaining 18 months. When the Soviet Union blockaded Berlin, a squadron of the 56th FG led by Colonel David C. Schilling made the first west-to-east Atlantic crossing by single-engined jets in July, flying to Germany for 45 days in Operation Fox Able I. Replaced by the newly Shooting Star-equipped 36th Fighter Group at Fürstenfeldbruck, the 56th FG conducted Fox Able II in May 1949. That same year F-80s first equipped the 51st Fighter Group, based in Japan. The 4th (Langley Air Force Base, Virginia), 81st (Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico), and 57th (Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska) Fighter Groups all acquired F-80s in 1948, as did interceptor squadrons of the Air Defense Command. The first Air National Guard unit to fly the F-80C was the 196th FS of the California ANG in June 1947.

Attractive .303 Trench Knife made from a shell. The blade is concealed but once the head of the bullet is removed, the blade is attached to the bullet. Excellent.

WWII British Officers Jacket to a member of the Royal Air Force with a beautiful padded wing and ribbon bar to include (Atlantic or France and Germany), Defence Medal. Jacket is in excellent condition. The Royal Air Force underwent rapid expansion prior to and during the Second World War. Under the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan of December 1939, the air forces of British Commonwealth countries trained and formed "Article XV squadrons" for service with RAF formations. Many individual personnel from these countries, and exiles from occupied Europe, also served with RAF squadrons. By the end of the war the Royal Canadian Air Force had contributed more than 30 squadrons to serve in RAF formations, similarly, approximately a quarter of Bomber Command's personnel were Canadian. Additionally, the Royal Australian Air Force represented around nine percent of all RAF personnel who served in the European and Mediterranean theatres. During the Battle of Britain in 1940, the RAF defended the skies over Britain against the numerically superior German Luftwaffe. In what is perhaps the most prolonged and complicated air campaign in history, the Battle of Britain contributed significantly to the delay and subsequent indefinite postponement of Operation Sea Lion, Hitler's plans for an invasion of the UK. In the House of Commons on 20 August, prompted by the ongoing efforts of the RAF, Prime Minister Winston Churchill made a speech to the nation, where he said "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few". The largest RAF effort during the war was the strategic bombing campaign against Germany by Bomber Command. While RAF bombing of Germany began almost immediately upon the outbreak of war at first it was ineffectual; it was only later, particularly under the leadership of Air Chief Marshal Harris, that these attacks became increasingly devastating, from early 1943 onward, as new technology and greater numbers of superior aircraft became available. The RAF adopted night-time area bombing on German cities such as Hamburg and Dresden. Night time area bombing constituted the great bulk of the RAF's bombing campaign, mainly due to Harris, but it also developed precision bombing techniques for specific operations, such as the "Dambusters" raid by No. 617 Squadron, for the Amiens prison raid known as Operation Jericho.

Lot of British Ship talleys to include 1) H.M.S Matapan  HMS Matapan (D43) was a later or 1943 Battle-class fleet destroyer of the Royal Navy (RN). She was named after the Battle of Cape Matapan between the Royal Navy and the Regia Marina, which ended in a decisive victory for the RN force, resulting in the destruction of three cruisers and two destroyers of the Italian Navy and was a heavy blow to the Italians. So far, she has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear that name. She was placed in reserve on completion of her sea trials and would remain in such a state for a lengthy period of time, ultimately seeing service in the 1970s as a sonar trials ship. In the process she outlived all her fleetmates in Royal Navy service. 2) H.M.S. Neptune HMS Neptune was a Leander-class light cruiser which served with the Royal Navy during World War II. Neptune was the fourth ship of its class and was the ninth Royal Navy vessel to carry the name. 3) H.M.S. Berwick HMS Berwick, pennant number 65, was a County-class heavy cruiser of the British Royal Navy, part of the Kent subclass. She was built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Govan, Scotland, with the keel being laid down on 15 September 1924. She was launched on 30 March 1926 and commissioned 12 July 1927. When completed, Berwick was sent to the China Station, where she remained until a temporary detachment to the Mediterranean in 1936. Along with the rest of her Kent class sub-group of County-class ships, Berwick underwent reconstruction between 1937 and 1938, where her single 4-inch guns were replaced with double mounts, numerous light machine guns were added, along with a significant addition of note; a cemented 4-inch (100 mm) thick and 6 feet (1.8 m) deep armoured belt was added to both sides of her hull beginning at the armoured deck down past her water line. 4) H.M.S. Battleaxe HMS Battleaxe was a Weapon-class destroyer of the Royal Navy, completed just after the Second World War. 5) H.M.S. Cleopatra HMS Cleopatra was a Dido-class cruiser of the Royal Navy. She was built by R. and W. Hawthorn, Leslie and Company, Limited (Hebburn-on-Tyne, UK), with the keel being laid down on 5 January 1939. She was launched on 27 March 1940, and commissioned on 5 December 1941. 6) H.M.S. Ariadne HMS Ariadne was an Abdiel-class minelayer of the Royal Navy. She was built by Alexander Stephen and Sons of Glasgow, Scotland. She was laid down on 15 November 1941, launched on 16 February 1943 and commissioned on 9 October 1943. 7) H.M.S. Brilliant HMS Brilliant was a Type 22 frigate of the Royal Navy. Brilliant took part in the only ship-to-ship engagement of the Falklands War, when she and HMS Yarmouth chased the Argentine coaster Monsunen, in the Battle of Seal Cove. 8) H.M Submarine The Royal Navy Submarine Service is one of the five fighting arms of the Royal Navy. It is sometimes known as the Silent Service, as submarines are generally required to operate undetected.  The service operates six fleet submarines (SSNs), of the Trafalgar and Astute classes (with two further Astute-class boats currently under construction), and four ballistic missile submarines (SSBN), of the Vanguard class. All of these submarines are nuclear powered. The Royal Navy's senior submariner was for many years located at HMS Dolphin in Hampshire. It moved from Dolphin to the Northwood Headquarters in 1978. The Submarine School is now at HMS Raleigh at Torpoint in Cornwall 9) H.M.S. Glasgow HMS Glasgow was a Town-class cruiser commissioned in September 1937. She took part in the Fleet Air Arm raid that crippled the Italian Fleet at Taranto in 1940. She had the unfortunate experience of sinking two Allied ships during her wartime service, once through accidental collision and the other by gunfire after a case of mistaken identity. 10) H.M.S. Thames HMS Thames (N71) was an ocean-going type of submarine of the River Class. She was built by Vickers Armstrong, Barrow and launched on 26 February 1932. She was completed on 14 September 1932, and after commissioning was assigned to the Mediterranean, stationed at Malta. 11) H.M.S. Berry Head The Beachy Head-class repair ships were a class of 21 depot, maintenance and repair ships constructed for the Royal Navy during the Second World War. All of the ships in the class were constructed in Canada of which only five served in British waters during the war. Based on a modified mercantile design, five of the class were completed as merchant vessels after the war's end. Following the war, the majority were converted for mercantile use, with a further two ships ending up in service with the Royal Canadian Navy and another with the Royal Air Force. 12) H.M.S. Osprey RNAS Portland (ICAO: EGDP) was an air station of the Royal Navy, situated at the Isle of Portland, Dorset, England. It was established in 1917 on the western edge of Portland Harbour as HMS Sarepta. From 1959 the station shared the name HMS Osprey, the anti-submarine establishment based at Portland, with helicopters used for research and development in anti-submarine techniques. RNAS Portland remained operational until 1999. 13) H.M.S. Charybdis HMS Charybdis was a Dido-class cruiser built for the Royal Navy during the Second World War and was sunk with heavy loss of life by German torpedo boats in an action in the English Channel in October 1943. 14) H.M.S Triumph HMS Triumph is a Trafalgar-class nuclear submarine of the Royal Navy and was the seventh and final boat of her class. She is the nineteenth nuclear-powered hunter-killer submarine built for the Royal Navy. Triumph is the tenth vessel, and the second submarine, to bear the name. The first HMS Triumph was a 68-gun galleon built in 1561. As of 2022, she is the last boat of her class remaining in service. Triumph was laid down in 1987 by Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Limited. The boat was launched in February 1991 by Mrs. Ann Hamilton, wife of the then Armed Forces Minister Archie Hamilton. She was commissioned in October that same year. Triumph is expected to remain in service until 2024 15) Flag Officer Submarines 16) H.M.S. Sheffield HMS Sheffield was one of the Southampton sub class of the Town-class cruisers of the Royal Navy. She was active in all major naval European theatres of the Second World War : in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and the Arctic Ocean. Sheffield assisted in the sinking of both German battleships sunk at sea : in the Last battle of Bismarck she directed torpedo aircraft to Bismarck, and during the Battle of the North Cape she took part in the shadowing of Scharnhorst. 17) R.F.A. Stromness RFA Stromness (A344) was a fleet stores ship which served the Royal Fleet Auxiliary until sold to the U.S. Navy's Military Sealift Command in 1983. While in the service of British forces, it saw service in the Falklands War. After the sale to the United States, it was renamed USNS Saturn (T-AFS-10) and acted as a combat stores ship until it was deactivated in 2009; it was able to supply two other ships at once. In 2010, it was sunk in an exercise by the U.S. Carrier Strike Group Two off the coast of North Carolina. 18) H.M.S. Bacchante HMS Bacchante (F69) was a Leander-class frigate of the Royal Navy. Bacchante was built by Vickers on the Tyne, launched on 29 February 1968 and commissioned on 17 October 1969.19) H.M.S Newfoundland HMS Newfoundland was a Fiji-class light cruiser of the Royal Navy. Named after the Dominion of Newfoundland, she participated in the Second World War and was later sold to the Peruvian Navy and renamed BAP Almirante Grau. The hospital ship HMHS Newfoundland was a different ship, although also torpedoed in the Mediterranean in 1943. 20) H.M.S Campbeltown HMS Campbeltown was a Town-class destroyer of the Royal Navy during the Second World War. She was originally US destroyer USS Buchanan, and was one of 50 obsolescent U.S. Navy destroyers transferred to the Royal Navy in 1940 as part of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement. Campbeltown became one of the most famous of these ships when she was used in the St Nazaire Raid in 1942. 21) H.M.S. Ark Royal HMS Ark Royal was a light aircraft carrier and former flagship of the Royal Navy. She was the third and final vessel of the Invincible class. She was built by Swan Hunter on the River Tyne and launched by them in 1981. Ark Royal was christened by Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. She followed sister ships HMS Invincible and HMS Illustrious into service in 1985. Affectionately known as The Mighty Ark, she is the fifth Royal Navy ship to have borne the name of the 1587 flagship that defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588. Originally intended to be named Indomitable to match the rest of the class, this was changed due to the public reaction to the loss of the Ark Royal name after the scrapping of the previous Ark Royal in 1980, after 30 years' service. Slightly larger than her sister ships, and with a steeper ski-jump ramp, Ark Royal carried the STOVL (short take off and vertical landing) Harrier jump jet aircraft, as well as various helicopters. With a crew complement of over 1,000 sailors and aviators, she saw active service in the 1990s Bosnian War and the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. Originally due to be retired in 2016, Ark Royal was instead decommissioned on 11 March 2011, as part of the Navy restructuring portion of the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review. After Ark Royal's decommissioning, HMS Albion replaced her as the Royal Navy flagship. Ark Royal was sold for scrap to the Turkish company Leyal Ship Recycling and left Portsmouth in May 2013. 22) H.M.S. Leander HMS Leander (F109) was the nameship of the Leander-class frigate of the Royal Navy (RN). She was originally intended to be part of the Rothesay class and would have been known as Weymouth. Leander was, like the rest of the class, named after a figure of the classical Greek mythology. She was built by the Harland & Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Northern Ireland and was launched on 28 June 1961. She was commissioned on 27 March 1963. 23) H.M.S. Mercury HMS Mercury was a shore establishment of the Royal Navy, and the site of the Royal Navy Signals School and Combined Signals School. There was also a subsidiary branch, HMS Mercury II. 24) H.M.S. Blake HMS Blake was a light cruiser of the Tiger class of the British Royal Navy, the last (traditional) Royal Navy gun-armed cruiser of the 20th century. She was named after Robert Blake, a 17th-century admiral who was the "Father of the Royal Navy". 25) H.M.S. Scylla HMS Scylla was a Dido-class cruiser of the Royal Navy. She was built by Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company (Greenock, Scotland), with the keel being laid down on 19 April 1939. She was launched on 24 July 1940, and commissioned 12 June 1942. One of two sisters (the other was, appropriately, Charybdis, see Scylla and Charybdis), Scylla was completed with four twin QF 4.5 in Mk.III in UD MK III mountings because of a shortage of the intended QF 5.25 inch gun mountings. The forward superstructure was considerably modified to accommodate these and also to increase crew spaces. Known as the 'toothless terrors', they proved to be very good anti-aircraft ships, often leading to comparisons with their sisters armed with the heavier QF 5.25 in (133 mm) guns. 26) R.F.A Stromness RFA Stromness (A344) was a fleet stores ship which served the Royal Fleet Auxiliary until sold to the U.S. Navy's Military Sealift Command in 1983. While in the service of British forces, it saw service in the Falklands War. After the sale to the United States, it was renamed USNS Saturn (T-AFS-10) and acted as a combat stores ship until it was deactivated in 2009; it was able to supply two other ships at once. In 2010, it was sunk in an exercise by the U.S. Carrier Strike Group Two off the coast of North Carolina. 27) H.M.S. Intrepid HMS Intrepid (L11) was one of two Fearless-class amphibious warfare ships of the Royal Navy. A landing platform dock (LPD), she served from 1967 until 1999. Based in HM Naval Base, Devonport, Plymouth, Devon and HM Naval Base Portsmouth, she saw service around the world over her 32-year life. At one point slated for decommissioning under terms of the 1981 Defence White Paper, she was rapidly returned to service to sail as part of the British operation to retake the Falkland Islands after the Argentine invasion in 1982. She landed troops in amphibious assaults on the Islands and the Argentine surrender was signed on her deck at the conclusion of the Falklands War. 28) H.M.S. Formidable HMS Formidable was an Illustrious-class aircraft carrier ordered for the Royal Navy before the Second World War. After being completed in late 1940, she was briefly assigned to the Home Fleet before being transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet as a replacement for her crippled sister ship Illustrious. Formidable's aircraft played a key role in the Battle of Cape Matapan in early 1941, and they subsequently provided cover for Allied ships and attacked Axis forces until their carrier was badly damaged by German dive bombers in May. Assigned to the Eastern Fleet in the Indian Ocean in early 1942, Formidable covered the invasion of Diego Suarez in Vichy Madagascar in mid-1942 against the possibility of a sortie by the Japanese into the Indian Ocean. Formidable returned home for a brief refit before participating in Operation Torch, the invasion of French North Africa in November. She remained in the Mediterranean and covered the invasions of Sicily and mainland Italy in 1943 before beginning a lengthy refit. Formidable made several attacks on the German battleship Tirpitz in Norway in mid-1944 as part of the Home Fleet. She was subsequently assigned to the British Pacific Fleet (BPF) in 1945 where she played a supporting role during the Battle of Okinawa and later attacked targets in the Japanese Home Islands. The ship was used to repatriate liberated Allied prisoners of war and soldiers after the Japanese surrender and then ferried British personnel across the globe through 1946. She was placed in reserve the following year and sold for scrap in 1953. 29) H.M.S. Dolphin HMS Dolphin (1938) was the former HMS Aberfoyle transferred in 1938 as tender to the submarine base until 1947.

Lot of British Ship talleys to include 1) H.M.S. Zulu HMS Zulu (F124) was a Tribal-class frigate of the Royal Navy in service from 1964 to 1984. She was the third ship bearing the name of HMS Zulu, having been named after an ethnic group located primarily in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Zulu was built by Alexander Stephen and Sons, of Govan. She was launched on 3 July 1962 and commissioned on 17 April 1964. She was sold to the Indonesian Navy in 1984 and renamed KRI Martha Khristina Tiyahahu (331).2) H.M.S. Orient Orient was a wooden-hulled, three-masted sailing ship that was built in England in 1853 and scrapped in Gibraltar in 1925. She served in the Crimean War, and then spent two decades with James Thompson & Co's "Orient Line" of ships sailing between Great Britain and South Australia. The Orient was built as a full-rigged ship. In 1886 she was reduced to a barque. In 1890 she was converted into a hulk, and in 1925 she was scrapped. 3) H.M.S. Dalrymple HMS Dalrymple was a Bay-class anti-aircraft frigate of the British Royal Navy, which served as a survey ship, mostly in the Persian Gulf, from 1948 until 1965. She was completed to deal with the large numbers of uncharted wrecks and mines around the British Isles as a result of World War II. For this purpose she was fitted for minesweeping. She was named for the pioneering Hydrographer of the Admiralty Alexander Dalrymple (1737–1808) 4) H.M.C.S. Algonquin HMCS Algonquin (DDG 283) was an Iroquois-class destroyer that served in the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) from 1973 to 2015. Algonquin was the fourth ship of her class which is sometimes referred to as the Tribal class or the 280 class. She is the second vessel to use the designation HMCS Algonquin. Algonquin carried the hull classification symbol DDG. Algonquin was originally designed to be primarily an anti-submarine destroyer. The Iroquois-class destroyers were the first ships in the Royal Canadian Navy (other than the Protecteur class) to carry multiple helicopters, and were the first ships to be powered entirely by gas turbines in a COGOG (Combined Gas Or Gas) arrangement. Algonquin underwent a major refit called the Tribal Class Update and Modernization Program (TRUMP) from 1987 to 1991 and emerged as an area air defence destroyer. She was assigned to Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) and was homeported at CFB Esquimalt. 5) H.M.C.S Caribou HMCS Caribou was an armed yacht that served in the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. Originally named Memory III, the vessel was renamed Elfreda while in private use as a personal yacht. After her commissioning and renaming to Caribou, she was used as a patrol and training vessel on the East coast of Canada. Following the war the ship was sold for commercial use until her registry was deleted in 1963. 6) H.M.S. Hermes HMS Hermes was a conventional British aircraft carrier and the last of the Centaur class. Hermes was in service with the Royal Navy from 1959 until 1984, and she served as the flagship of the British forces during the 1982 Falklands War. After being sold to India in 1986, the vessel was recommissioned and remained in service with the Indian Navy as INS Viraat until 2017. 7) H.M.C.S. Shearwater HMS Shearwater was a Condor-class sloop launched in 1900. She served on the Pacific Station and in 1915 was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy as HMCS Shearwater, serving as a submarine depot ship until 1919. She was sold to the Western Shipping Company in May 1922 and renamed Vedas. 8) H.M.C.S Blairmore HMCS Blairmore (pennant J314) was a Bangor-class minesweeper that served with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. Entering service in 1942, the ship took part in the Battle of the Atlantic and the invasion of Normandy. Following the war, the ship was laid up until 1958 when the Blairmore was transferred to the Turkish Navy. Renamed Beycoz, the vessel was discarded in 1971. 9) H.M.C.S Carleton HMCS Carleton is a Canadian Forces Naval Reserve Division (NRD) located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Dubbed a stone frigate, HMCS Carleton is a land-based naval training establishment crewed by part-time sailors and also serves as a local recruitment centre for the Canadian Forces Naval Reserve. It is one of 24 naval reserve divisions located in major cities across Canada. 10) H.M.C.S. Montcalm HMCS Montcalm is a reserve unit of the Royal Canadian Navy based in Quebec City, Quebec. As with all Naval Reserve divisions, its approximately 150 sailors specialize in domestic emergency readiness, port inspection diving, naval intelligence, and the recruiting and retention of personnel who supplement the Royal Canadian Navy on board ship and at shore establishments. 11) H.M.S. Fulmar Royal Air Force Lossiemouth or more commonly RAF Lossiemouth (IATA: LMO, ICAO: EGQS) is a military airfield located on the western edge of the town of Lossiemouth in Moray, north-east Scotland. Lossiemouth is one of the largest and busiest fast-jet stations in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and known for its close proximity to flight training areas in Scotland and its favourable local flying conditions. Since the closure of RAF Leuchars in 2015, Lossiemouth is the only operational RAF station in Scotland and is one of two main operating bases for the Eurofighter Typhoon FGR4 in the United Kingdom. It is home to four front-line fast jet units which operate the Typhoon: No. 1 Squadron, No. 2 Squadron, No. 6 Squadron and No. 9 Squadron. All four Squadrons contribute to the Quick Reaction Alert (Interceptor) North capability which provides continuous protection of UK airspace. It is also home to No. 120 Squadron and No. 201 Squadron, both flying the Poseidon MRA1 in the maritime patrol role. It has also been designated as the future home of the RAF's new fleet of three Boeing Wedgetail AEW1 airborne early warning and control aircraft, with deliveries commencing in 2023. There are a number of non-flying units at RAF Lossiemouth including No. 5 Force Protection Wing and an RAF Mountain Rescue Service team. The airfield opened in 1939 and was operated by the RAF, predominantly as part of Bomber Command, until 1946 when it transferred to the Fleet Air Arm (FAA) and became known as RNAS Lossiemouth or HMS Fulmar. Lossiemouth was used as a training station by the FAA until it was handed back to the RAF in September 1972, after which it has largely operated as a fast-jet base. 12) H.M.S. HMS Mercury was a shore establishment of the Royal Navy, and the site of the Royal Navy Signals School and Combined Signals School. There was also a subsidiary branch, HMS Mercury II. 13) H.M.S. Despatch HMS Despatch was a Danae-class light cruiser built for the Royal Navy during World War I. She was part of the Delhi sub-class of the Danae class. 14) H.M.S. Renown HMS Renown was the lead ship of her class of battlecruisers of the Royal Navy built during the First World War. She was originally laid down as an improved version of the Revenge-class battleships. Her construction was suspended on the outbreak of war on the grounds she would not be ready in time. Admiral Lord Fisher, upon becoming First Sea Lord, gained approval to restart her construction as a battlecruiser that could be built and enter service quickly. The Director of Naval Construction (DNC), Eustace Tennyson-D'Eyncourt, quickly produced a new design to meet Fisher's requirements and the builders agreed to deliver the ships in 15 months. They did not quite meet that ambitious goal but the ship was delivered a few months after the Battle of Jutland in 1916. Renown, and her sister HMS Repulse, were the world's fastest capital ships upon completion.Renown did not see action during the war and was reconstructed twice between the wars; the 1920s reconstruction increased her armour protection and made other more minor improvements; the 1930s reconstruction was much more thorough. The ship frequently conveyed royalty on their foreign tours and served as flagship of the Battlecruiser Squadron when Hood was refitting. During the Second World War, Renown was involved in the search for the Admiral Graf Spee in 1939, participated in the Norwegian Campaign of April–June 1940 and the search for the Bismarck in 1941. She spent much of 1940 and 1941 assigned to Force H at Gibraltar, escorting convoys and she participated in the inconclusive Battle of Cape Spartivento. Renown was briefly assigned to the Home Fleet and provided cover to several Arctic convoys in early 1942. The ship was transferred back to Force H for Operation Torch and spent much of 1943 refitting or transporting Winston Churchill and his staff to and from various conferences with various Allied leaders. In early 1944, Renown was transferred to the Eastern Fleet in the Indian Ocean where she supported numerous attacks on Japanese-occupied facilities in Indonesia and various island groups in the Indian Ocean. The ship returned to the Home Fleet in early 1945 and was refitted before being placed in reserve after the end of the war. Renown was sold for scrap in 1948. 15) H.M.S. Bulwark The sixth HMS Bulwark of the Royal Navy was a 22,000 ton Centaur-class light fleet aircraft carrier. Initially commissioned as a light aircraft carrier in 1954, the ship was converted into a commando carrier in 1958 and recommissioned as such in 1960. Bulwark remained in this capacity until 1979 following failed efforts to sell the ship, Bulwark re-entered service as an anti-submarine warfare carrier and remained as such until being decommissioned in 1981. The ship was scrapped in 1984. 16) H.M.S. Lancaster HMS Lancaster was one of 10 Monmouth-class armoured cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. Upon completion she was assigned to the 3rd Cruiser Squadron of the Mediterranean Fleet. She remained there until 1912 when she returned home to be placed in reserve. The ship was recommissioned in 1913 for service with the 4th Cruiser Squadron on the North America and West Indies Station. She remained there until she was assigned to the Grand Fleet in 1915. She was transferred to the Pacific in 1916 and she became flagship of the Eastern Squadron in 1918. The ship was sold for scrap in 1920. 17) H.M.S. Chatham  HMS Chatham was a Town-class light cruiser built for the Royal Navy in the 1910s. She was the name ship of her sub-class of the Town class. The ship survived the First World War and was sold for scrap in 1926. 18) H.M.S. Dunedin HMS Dunedin was a Danae-class light cruiser of the Royal Navy, pennant number D93. She was launched from the yards of Armstrong Whitworth, Newcastle-on-Tyne on 19 November 1918 and commissioned on 13 September 1919. She has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name Dunedin (named after the capital of Scotland, generally Anglicised as Edinburgh).

Wanted More Navy Nurses.  Be a Commissioned Officer in the US Navy.  For Information Write: The Surgeon General Navy Dept Washington DC. The poster has edgewear and measures 28 inches wide. Very Good.

Lot of headgear to include 1) KOREAN WAR ERA ARMORED OFFICERS M1 HELMET LINER. Liner is marked US 45 to the interior. The exterior has a leadership stripe as well as a Lieutenant Stripe and a Armored Insignia to its side 2) SOVIET UNION CAMO PAINTED HELMET. Helmet is complete with liner and chinstrap. 3) VIETNAM ERA US COMBAT HELMET WITH CAMO COVER. Helmet is complete with liner and camo cover. 4) VIETNAM ERA US COMBAT HELMET. Helmet is complete with liner. 5) VIETNAM ERA HELMET WITH LINER. Original chinstrap is missing 6) WWI US ARMY DOUGHBOY HELMET SHELL. Missing the liner and chinstrap. The helmets came to us from the American Armored Foundation, Inc. Tank and Ordnance Memorial Museum. The AAF Tank Museum was a living memorial dedicated to the Tank and Cavalry soldiers of the world. Before 1981 some of the artifacts that make up the AAF Tank Museum was a private collection belonging to Mr. William Gasser. Mr. Gasser felt that his collection would be beneficial in educating present and future generations to the sacrifices made and the technologies gained during war. Therefore, in 1981 the AAF Tank Museum was established as a non-profit charitable organization, and Mr. Gasser donated his private collection to the Tank Museum. Mr. Gasser is still active as Volunteer Director and Curator of the Tank Museum and his knowledge of military history has been a great asset to the museum. Unfortunately after 20 years of operation it had to close its doors, which is when these were acquired.

This is a 57mm M23AB1 Anti-Tank shell with an original US 57mm round shipping / packing case. The round is in excellent condition, with visible markings on the base / head stamp. The round measures 23 inches long and the base has a diameter of 3.5 inches. The 57 mm anti tank gun was the main anti-tank gun of Allied Forces during the middle part of WWII and it was also used as the main armament in a number of tanks. Originally developed by the British as a replacement for the under-powered 2-pounder (37mm), the 57mm, or 6-pounder, was completed in 1940, and the gun’s carriage design was completed in 1941. The British turned to American factories to produce the gun under Lend Lease. The US Army soon adopted the 57mm as its own anti-tank gun, designated as the “M1". Production of the U.S. M1 anti-tank gun began in May 1941, but they did not enter service until May 1942. Approximately 16,000 were made through 1945. The gun was light, easy to maneuver on the battlefield, and fired both armor-piercing ammunition and a high-explosive shell. With the introduction of heavier frontal armor on German tanks, the 57MM was found to be ineffective in frontal attack, but it was effective from other angles and remained in service until the end of the war. Improvements in the projectiles during the war also increased its effectiveness. Its use continued in the US Army into the Korean War and much later in foreign armies. These guns were generally towed on the battlefield by half tracks or military tractors and could be quickly put into action due to their light weight and ease of handling.

WWII British Sten Gun 32 Round Magazine that retains almost 100% of the original Parkerized Finish. The magazine is marked Bg ALRO and is in excellent condition. The second Magazine is marked Bg with a circle M. The loader also is excellent and is maker marked with a serpent. Excellent. The STEN (or Sten gun) is a British submachine gun chambered in 9×19mm which was used extensively by British and Commonwealth forces throughout World War II and during the Korean War. The Sten paired a simple design with a low production cost, facilitating mass production to meet the demand for submachine guns. As well as equipping regular units, the Sten was distributed to resistance groups within occupied Europe. Its simple design made it an effective insurgency weapon for resistance groups. The Sten is a select fire, blowback-operated weapon with a side-mounted magazine. Sten is an acronym, derived from the names of the weapon's chief designers: Major Reginald V. Shepherd and Harold J. Turpin, and "En" for the Enfield factory. Around four million Stens in various versions were made in the 1940s, making it the second most produced submachine gun of the Second World War, after the Soviet PPSh-41. The Sten served as the basis for the Sterling submachine gun, which replaced the Sten in British service from the 1950s. History: The Sten emerged while Britain was engaged in the Battle of Britain, facing invasion by Germany. The army was forced to replace weapons lost during the evacuation from Dunkirk while expanding their arsenal at the same time. After the start of the war and to 1941 (and even later), the British purchased all the Thompson submachine guns they could from the United States, but these did not meet demand, and Thompsons were expensive, the M1928 costing $200 in 1939 (and still $70 in 1942), whereas a Sten would turn out to cost only $11. American entry into the war at the end of 1941 placed an even bigger demand on the facilities making Thompsons. In order to rapidly equip a sufficient fighting force to counter the Axis threat, the Royal Small Arms Factory, Enfield, was commissioned to produce an alternative.The credited designers were Major R. V. Shepherd, OBE, Inspector of Armaments in the Ministry of Supply Design Department at The Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, (later Assistant Chief Superintendent at the Armaments Design Department) and Harold John Turpin, Senior Draughtsman of the Design Department of the Royal Small Arms Factory (RSAF), Enfield. Shepherd had been recalled to service after having retired and spending some time at the Birmingham Small Arms Company (BSA). The Sten shared design features, such as its side-mounted magazine configuration, with the Lanchester submachine gun being produced at the same time for the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force, which was a copy of the German MP28. In terms of manufacture, the Lanchester was entirely different, being made of high-quality materials with pre-war fit and finish, in stark contrast to the Sten's austere execution. The Lanchester and Sten magazines were even interchangeable (though the Lanchester's magazine was longer with a 50-round capacity, compared to the Sten's 32.)  The Sten used simple stamped metal components and minor welding, which required minimal machining and manufacturing. Much of the production could be performed by small workshops, with the firearms assembled at the Enfield site. Over the period of manufacture, the Sten design was further simplified: the most basic model, the Mark III, could be produced from five man-hours of work. Some of the cheapest versions were made from only 47 different parts (out of 47 components, only the barrel and bolt were machined). The Mark I was a more finely finished weapon with a wooden foregrip and handle; later versions were generally more spartan, although the final version, the Mark V, which was produced after the threat of invasion had died down, was produced to a higher standard. The Sten underwent various design improvements over the course of the war. For example, the Mark 4 cocking handle and corresponding hole drilled in the receiver were created to lock the bolt in the closed position to reduce the likelihood of unintentional discharges inherent in the design. Most changes to the production process were more subtle, designed to give greater ease of manufacture and increased reliability, and the potentially great differences in build quality contributed to the Sten's reputation as being an unreliable weapon. However, a 1940 report stated that "Exaggerated reports about the unreliability [of the Sten] were usually related to the quality of manufacture. Don Handscombe and his comrades in the Thundersley Patrol of the Auxiliary Units rated them more reliable than the Thompson SMG." Sten guns of late 1942 and beyond were highly effective weapons, though complaints of accidental discharge continued throughout the war. The Sten was replaced by the Sterling submachine gun from 1953 and was gradually withdrawn from British service in the 1960s. Other Commonwealth nations followed suit, either by creating their own replacements or adopting foreign designs.

WWII Japanese Bayonet with Leather Frog captured at Peleliu by Herbert Luther Weihs of Riverside California and a book titled "With The Old Breed" by E. B. Sledge. (IJA) INFANTRY "TYPE 30" BAYONET WITH LEATHER FROG. Nagoya Army Arsenal mark and Toyoda Automatic Loom Works marked and in excellent condition. 2) With the Old Breed at Peleliu and Okinawa by E.B. Sledge. "Eugene Sledge became more than a legend with his memoir, With The Old Breed. He became a chronicler, a historian, a storyteller who turns the extremes of the war in the Pacific--the terror, the camaraderie, the banal and the extraordinary--into terms we mortals can grasp."--Tom Hanks In The Wall Street Journal, Victor Davis Hanson named With the Old Breed one of the top five books on epic twentieth-century battles. Studs Terkel interviewed the author for his definitive oral history, The Good War. Now E. B. Sledge's acclaimed first-person account of fighting at Peleliu and Okinawa returns to thrill, edify, and inspire a new generation. An Alabama boy steeped in American history and enamored of such heroes as George Washington and Daniel Boone, Eugene B. Sledge became part of the war's famous 1st Marine Division--3rd Battalion, 5th Marines. Even after intense training, he was shocked to be thrown into the battle of Peleliu, where "the world was a nightmare of flashes, explosions, and snapping bullets." By the time Sledge hit the hell of Okinawa, he was a combat vet, still filled with fear but no longer with panic. Based on notes Sledge secretly kept in a copy of the New Testament, With the Old Breed captures with utter simplicity and searing honesty the experience of a soldier in the fierce Pacific Theater. Here is what saved, threatened, and changed his life. Here, too, is the story of how he learned to hate and kill--and came to love--his fellow man. "In all the literature on the Second World War, there is not a more honest, realistic or moving memoir than Eugene Sledge's. Both are excellent.

North Vietnamese Officers Visor Hat in used but excellent condition. Roughly a size 54 and is named to the interior. The Vietnam War was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and a major conflict of the Cold War. While the war was officially fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam, the north was supported by the Soviet Union, China, and other countries in the Eastern Bloc, while the south was supported by the US and anti-communist allies. This made it a proxy war between the US and Soviet Union. It lasted almost 20 years, with direct US military involvement ending in 1973. The conflict spilled into the Laotian and Cambodian civil wars, which ended with all three countries becoming communist in 1975. After the fall of French Indochina with the 1954 Geneva Conference, the country gained independence from France but was divided into two parts: the Viet Minh took control of North Vietnam, while the US assumed financial and military support for South Vietnam. The Viet Cong (VC), a South Vietnamese common front of militant leftists, socialists, communists, workers, peasants and intellectuals under the direction of North Vietnam, initiated guerrilla war in the south. The People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) engaged in more conventional warfare with US and Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) forces. North Vietnam invaded Laos in 1958, establishing the Ho Chi Minh trail to supply and reinforce the VC. By 1963, the north had sent 40,000 soldiers to fight in the south. US involvement increased under President John F. Kennedy, from 1,000 military advisors in 1959 to 23,000 by 1964. Following the Gulf of Tonkin incident in 1964, the US Congress passed a resolution that gave President Lyndon B. Johnson authority to increase military presence, without a declaration of war. Johnson ordered deployment of combat units and dramatically increased American troops to 184,000. US and South Vietnamese forces relied on air supremacy and overwhelming firepower to conduct search and destroy operations. The US conducted a strategic bombing campaign against North Vietnam and built up its forces, despite little progress. In 1968, North Vietnam launched the Tet Offensive; a tactical defeat, but a strategic victory, as it caused US domestic support to fade. In 1969, North Vietnam declared the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam. The 1970 deposing of Cambodia's monarch, resulted in a PAVN invasion of the country, and then a US-ARVN counter-invasion, escalating Cambodia's Civil War. After Richard Nixon's inauguration in 1969, a policy of "Vietnamization" began, which saw the conflict fought by an expanded ARVN, while US forces withdrew due to domestic opposition. US ground forces had mostly withdrawn by 1972, the 1973 Paris Peace Accords saw all US forces withdrawn and were broken almost immediately: fighting continued for two years. Phnom Penh fell to the Khmer Rouge in April 1975, while the 1975 spring offensive saw the Fall of Saigon to the PAVN, marking the end of the war. North and South Vietnam were reunified on 2 July the following year. The war exacted enormous human cost: estimates of Vietnamese soldiers and civilians killed range from 970,000 to 3 million. Some 275,000–310,000 Cambodians, 20,000–62,000 Laotians, and 58,220 US service members died. Its end would precipitate the Vietnamese boat people and the larger Indochina refugee crisis, which saw millions leave Indochina, an estimated 250,000 perished at sea. The Khmer Rouge carried out the Cambodian genocide, while conflict between them and the unified Vietnam escalated into the Cambodian–Vietnamese War. In response, China invaded Vietnam, with border conflicts lasting until 1991. Within the US, the war gave rise to Vietnam syndrome, a public aversion to American overseas military involvement, which, with the Watergate scandal, contributed to the crisis of confidence that affected America throughout the 1970s. The US destroyed 20% of South Vietnam's jungle and 20–50% of the mangrove forests, by spraying over 20 million U.S. gallons (75 million liters) of toxic herbicides; a notable example of ecocide.

Vietnam Era Sam Browne Belt with the Over the Shoulder Cross Strap and utility pouches including Handcuff Pouch and Holster. Also in the lot is a Wood Nightstick measuring 20 1/2 inches long. Excellent. The Vietnam War was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and a major conflict of the Cold War. While the war was officially fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam, the north was supported by the Soviet Union, China, and other countries in the Eastern Bloc, while the south was supported by the US and anti-communist allies. This made it a proxy war between the US and Soviet Union. It lasted almost 20 years, with direct US military involvement ending in 1973. The conflict spilled into the Laotian and Cambodian civil wars, which ended with all three countries becoming communist in 1975. After the fall of French Indochina with the 1954 Geneva Conference, the country gained independence from France but was divided into two parts: the Viet Minh took control of North Vietnam, while the US assumed financial and military support for South Vietnam. The Viet Cong (VC), a South Vietnamese common front of militant leftists, socialists, communists, workers, peasants and intellectuals under the direction of North Vietnam, initiated guerrilla war in the south. The People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) engaged in more conventional warfare with US and Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) forces. North Vietnam invaded Laos in 1958, establishing the Ho Chi Minh trail to supply and reinforce the VC.  By 1963, the north had sent 40,000 soldiers to fight in the south. US involvement increased under President John F. Kennedy, from 1,000 military advisors in 1959 to 23,000 by 1964. Following the Gulf of Tonkin incident in 1964, the US Congress passed a resolution that gave President Lyndon B. Johnson authority to increase military presence, without a declaration of war. Johnson ordered deployment of combat units and dramatically increased American troops to 184,000. US and South Vietnamese forces relied on air supremacy and overwhelming firepower to conduct search and destroy operations. The US conducted a strategic bombing campaign against North Vietnam and built up its forces, despite little progress. In 1968, North Vietnam launched the Tet Offensive; a tactical defeat, but a strategic victory, as it caused US domestic support to fade.  In 1969, North Vietnam declared the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam. The 1970 deposing of Cambodia's monarch, resulted in a PAVN invasion of the country, and then a US-ARVN counter-invasion, escalating Cambodia's Civil War. After Richard Nixon's inauguration in 1969, a policy of "Vietnamization" began, which saw the conflict fought by an expanded ARVN, while US forces withdrew due to domestic opposition. US ground forces had mostly withdrawn by 1972, the 1973 Paris Peace Accords saw all US forces withdrawn  and were broken almost immediately: fighting continued for two years. Phnom Penh fell to the Khmer Rouge in April 1975, while the 1975 spring offensive saw the Fall of Saigon to the PAVN, marking the end of the war. North and South Vietnam were reunified on 2 July the following year. The war exacted enormous human cost: estimates of Vietnamese soldiers and civilians killed range from 970,000 to 3 million. Some 275,000–310,000 Cambodians, 20,000–62,000 Laotians, and 58,220 US service members died. Its end would precipitate the Vietnamese boat people and the larger Indochina refugee crisis, which saw millions leave Indochina, an estimated 250,000 perished at sea. The Khmer Rouge carried out the Cambodian genocide, while conflict between them and the unified Vietnam escalated into the Cambodian–Vietnamese War. In response, China invaded Vietnam, with border conflicts lasting until 1991. Within the US, the war gave rise to Vietnam syndrome, a public aversion to American overseas military involvement, which, with the Watergate scandal, contributed to the crisis of confidence that affected America throughout the 1970s. The US destroyed 20% of South Vietnam's jungle and 20–50% of the mangrove forests, by spraying over 20 million U.S. gallons (75 million liters) of toxic herbicides;  a notable example of ecocide.

Marine Corps Major Generals Uniform that is dated 6/66 and is size marked 41R. The uniform has a pair of Aviator Wings with a 18 place ribbon bar showing he served in WWII, Korean War and Vietnam. Excellent. The Uniform Grouping came to us from the American Armoured Foundation, Inc. Tank and Ordnance Memorial Museum. The AAF Tank Museum was a living memorial dedicated to the Tank and Cavalry soldiers of the world. Before 1981 some of the artifacts that make up the AAF Tank Museum was a private collection belonging to Mr. William Gasser. Mr. Gasser felt that his collection would be beneficial in educating present and future generations to the sacrifices made and the technologies gained during war. Therefore, in 1981 the AAF Tank Museum was established as a non-profit charitable organization, and Mr. Gasser donated his private collection to the Tank Museum.

Attractive set of WWII Japanese Collar Insignia for a Patrol Chief. Collar Insignia still retains both sets of screwback devices. Excellent.

WWII US Army tank ashtray measuring 4 1/4 X 5 1/4 inches and in excellent condition. The ashtray depicts a three dimensional tank at the top of the ashtray. Mint!

The MKIII helmet was issued for use in the D-Day invasion of Europe in 1944; it was the next steel helmet pattern to be adopted by the British after the Dough Boy style of WWI. In use through the close of WWII and in regular use through Korea and the Falkland war. The Mk III Helmet was a steel military combat helmet developed for the British Army in 1941. First worn in combat by British and Canadian troops on D-Day, the Mk III was used alongside the Brodie helmet for the remainder of the Second World War. It is commonly referred to as the "turtle" helmet because of its resemblance to a turtle shell. The Mark III helmet was designed to provide better protection for the side of the head than its predecessor. It was a deeper helmet with a smaller brim and provided 38% more protection than the Mark II, particularly at the sides. The Mark III helmet was issued primarily to assault troops for the Normandy invasion in June 1944, and a large number of helmets from British stocks were issued to the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division in addition to British units. Small numbers also went to the 2nd and 4th Canadian Divisions. All Mark III helmets in Canadian stores were returned to the UK shortly after the end of the Second World War. The Mk III was itself replaced after the war by the Mark IV helmet, which it closely resembled. The differences were that the rivets attaching the chinstrap to the helmet were placed much lower down on the shell and the use of a 'lift the dot' fastener for the liner. These modifications allowed the Mk IV to be utilized for carrying water. The Mark IV helmet was eventually replaced by the Mark V, which looked similar to the MKIV, but had a more padded liner. The MK V was used until the late-1980s at which point the British replaced all steel helmets with the Mark 6, which was made from nylon fiber. The MkV helmet comes complete with a steel bowl, with original liner.

The MKIII helmet was issued for use in the D-Day invasion of Europe in 1944; it was the next steel helmet pattern to be adopted by the British after the Dough Boy style of WWI. In use through the close of WWII and in regular use through Korea and the Falkland war. The Mk III Helmet was a steel military combat helmet developed for the British Army in 1941. First worn in combat by British and Canadian troops on D-Day, the Mk III was used alongside the Brodie helmet for the remainder of the Second World War. It is commonly referred to as the "turtle" helmet because of its resemblance to a turtle shell. The Mark III helmet was designed to provide better protection for the side of the head than its predecessor. It was a deeper helmet with a smaller brim and provided 38% more protection than the Mark II, particularly at the sides. The Mark III helmet was issued primarily to assault troops for the Normandy invasion in June 1944, and a large number of helmets from British stocks were issued to the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division in addition to British units. Small numbers also went to the 2nd and 4th Canadian Divisions. All Mark III helmets in Canadian stores were returned to the UK shortly after the end of the Second World War. The Mk III was itself replaced after the war by the Mark IV helmet, which it closely resembled. The differences were that the rivets attaching the chinstrap to the helmet were placed much lower down on the shell and the use of a 'lift the dot' fastener for the liner. These modifications allowed the Mk IV to be utilized for carrying water. The Mark IV helmet was eventually replaced by the Mark V, which looked similar to the MKIV, but had a more padded liner. The MK V was used until the late-1980s at which point the British replaced all steel helmets with the Mark 6, which was made from nylon fiber. The MkV helmet comes complete with a steel bowl, with original liner and chinstrap.

Lot of 8 military motif mens rings from the United States Air Force, Aluminum initial ring, Son In Service ring with enamel damage, WWI Somme ring made of aluminum, American Legion, Air Corps Fly Skulls ring, Army Officers Ring and a Siamese ring . Various sizes and conditions.

4to. 144 pp., one map, b/w photographs throughout. Brown textured cloth with gilt title and decorations. No dust jacket, as issued. Based on two albums rescued from the library at Hitler's Berghof Obersalzberg in 1945. They remained in obscurity until 1968, and were still in a private collection when this book was published.

Lot of military headgear to include 1) WWII US Army Khaki size 7 1/2 in excellent condition 2) WWII Dress Infantry Officers Visor Hat by Bancroft size 6 7/8 with minor damage around the branch color band. 3) WWII US Navy Chief Petty Officers Visor Hat roughly a size 7. 4) Post WWII US Navy Officers Visor Hat by Bancroft size is roughly a 7. 5) Two WWII US Navy Dixie Cup Caps 6) Removable Covers for Officers Visors 7) Four Overseas Caps 8) Vietnam Era Officers Visor hats

Lot of Ship talleys to include 1) Segelschulschiff Gorch Fock The Gorch Fock is a tall ship of the German Navy (Deutsche Marine), built in 1958 as a replacement for the original Gorch Fock built in 1933 which was taken as war reparations by the Soviet Union after World War II, renamed Tovarishch, and returned to Germany in 2003. Both ships are named in honour of the German writer Johann Kinau who wrote under the pseudonym "Gorch Fock" and died in the battle of Jutland/Skagerrak in 1916. The modern-day Gorch Fock was built in 1958 as a delayed sister ship to five ships built in the 1930s, and has since then undertaken 146 cruises (as of October 2006[needs update]), including one tour around the world in 1988. She is sometimes referred to (unofficially) as the Gorch Fock II to distinguish her from her older sister ship. The Gorch Fock is under the command of the Naval Academy in Flensburg-Mürwik. 2) 1.Küstenwache Geschwader 1.3) Tross Schiff Coburg 4) 5 Zerstörer 5 5) 3 Fernmeldeabschnitt 3 6) 3. Küstenwachgeschwader 3 7) Tender Lech 8) Zerstörer Hessen  9) 5. Minensuchgeschwader 5. 10) 1. UBootGeschwader 1. 11) Fregatte Köln 12) Fregatte Bremen  13) 6 Zerstörer 6 14) 7. Schnellbootgeschwader 7. 15) 3 Zerstörer 3 16) 5 Fernmeldeabschnitt 5 17) Schulschiff Donau 18) Schulfregatte Graf Spee

Lot of Ship talleys to include 1) Nordd Lloyd D. Kaiser Wilhelm II. 2) H.M.S. Seahawk 3) Montcalm 4) R.N. Libia 5) Chandris Fantasy Cruises 6) Marine Nationale 7) Armada De Chile 8) Gronnedal 9) Centaure 10) T.S.S. Fairwind 11) P.N.S. Tariq 12) Sous-Marin Amethyste 13) K.N.M. Harald Harfagre 14) Tourville 15) Marina Militare 16) P.N.S. Tariq 17) af Chapman 18) Aconit 19) Montcalm 20) Fusiliers Marins 21) N.R.P. Almirante Magalhães Corrêa 22) P.N.S Tughril 23) P.N.S Taimur 24) Koninklijke Marine 25) Marine Nationale 26) Marine Nationale 27) Marine Nationale 28) Marine Nationale 29) A.R.A Libertad 30) K.N.M. Horten 31) H.M.S. Bulwark 32) Zerstorer Lutjens 33) H.M.S. Mercury 34) Lieutenant de Vaisseau Le Hénaff 35) Malabar 36) Tenace 37) H.M.S. Corunna 38) H.M.S. Seahawk 39) H.M.S Gambia 40) H.M.S. Sea Eagle

Lot of US Ship talleys to include 1) U.S.S. Culgoa USS Culgoa (AF-3) was a refrigerated supply ship in the United States Navy. Culgoa was built in 1889 by J.L. Thompson and Sons, Ltd. of Sunderland, England and purchased at Cavite, Philippines on 4 June 1898. During the naval blockade of Manila, the vessel supplied the American squadron with ice and meat. Since she was not a commissioned naval vessel, Culgoa could purchase supplies while avoiding the neutrality laws that banned sales to the Navy. 2) U.S.S. Alarm USS Alarm—an experimental torpedo boat constructed at the New York Navy Yard—was launched on 13 November 1873 and commissioned in 1874. Designed and constructed specifically for the experimental work of the Bureau of Ordnance, Alarm served that purpose at Washington, D.C., until 1877 when she moved north to Newport, RI, to conduct experiments at the torpedo station. She returned to Washington the following year and resumed special service. In 1880, she began a tour of experimental work at New York which she carried out until she was laid up at Norfolk, VA, in 1883. In 1881, William Elbridge Sewell, who would later become Governor of Guam, was placed in command. However, she resumed her research duties at New York in 1884 and served there until she was placed out of commission in 1885 and berthed at New York. The records are unclear, but Alarm probably remained out of commission from that time forward. In 1890 and 1891, she was undergoing conversion to a gunnery training ship. From 1892 to 1894, she remained at the New York Navy Yard. In 1895, she was listed as "in ordinary;" and, in 1897, her name was struck from the Navy list. She was sold on 23 February 1898. 3) U.S.S. California USS California (BB-44) was the second of two Tennessee-class battleships built for the United States Navy between her keel laying in October 1916 and her commissioning in August 1921. The Tennessee class was part of the standard series of twelve battleships built in the 1910s and 1920s, and were developments of the preceding New Mexico class. They were armed with a battery of twelve 14-inch (356 mm) guns in four three-gun turrets. California served as the flagship of the Battle Fleet in the Pacific Ocean for the duration of her peacetime career. She spent the 1920s and 1930s participating in routine fleet training exercises, including the annual Fleet Problems, and cruises around the Americas and further abroad, such as a goodwill visit to Australia and New Zealand in 1925. California was moored in Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 when the Japanese attacked the port, bringing the United States into World War II. The ship was moderately damaged by a pair of torpedoes and a bomb, but a fire disabled the ship's electrical system, preventing the pumps from being used to keep the ship afloat. California slowly filled with water over the following three days and eventually sank. Her crew suffered 165 casualties and four men were awarded the Medal of Honor for their actions during the attack. She was raised in April 1942, repaired and heavily rebuilt, and returned to service in January 1944. The ship thereafter supported the amphibious operations conducted during the Pacific War, including the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign (though she was damaged in a collision with Tennessee and thus missed the Battle of Peleliu) and the Philippines campaign, during which she took part in the Battle of Surigao Strait. She was hit by a kamikaze during the invasion of Lingayen Gulf in January 1945, but after undergoing repairs, she rejoined the fleet supporting troops fighting on Okinawa during the Battle of Okinawa. Her crew took part in the occupation of Japan after the end of the war, and after returning to the United States via the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, was laid up in Philadelphia in 1946. She remained in the fleet's inventory until 1959, when she was broken up for scrap. 4) U.S.S. Nantucket USS Ranger, later USS Rockport and USS Nantucket (PG-23/IX-18), was a gunboat of the United States Navy. A screw steamer with full-rig auxiliary sail, Ranger was destined for a very long 65-year career, serving first as a U.S. Navy gunboat from 1876 to 1920, and later as a training ship with the Massachusetts Maritime Academy from 1909 to 1941. The ship was finally scrapped in 1958, but her engine, which is the only one of its type known to be still in existence, was preserved and is on display at the American Merchant Marine Museum of Kings Point, New York. 5) U.S.S. Phoenix USS Phoenix (CL-46), was a light cruiser of the Brooklyn-class cruiser family. She was the third Phoenix of the United States Navy. After World War II the ship was transferred to Argentina in 1951 and was named General Belgrano in 1956. General Belgrano was sunk during the Falklands War in 1982 by the British submarine HMS Conqueror. She was laid down on 15 April 1935 by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation, Camden, New Jersey; launched on 13 March 1938; sponsored by Mrs. Dorothea Kays Moonan; and commissioned at Philadelphia Navy Yard on 3 October 1938. Her name was in honor of the capital city of the state of Arizona. 6) U.S.A.T. Egbert 7) U.S.S. Thetis The first USS Thetis was a three-masted, wooden-hulled steam whaler in the United States Navy used to rescue a polar expedition and later in the Revenue Cutter Service. Thetis was built in 1881 at Dundee, Scotland, by Alexander Stephen & Sons. She was acquired by the U.S. Navy on 2 February 1884 to be employed by the expedition to relieve the polar exploration party under the command of Lt. Adolphus W. Greely. She sailed from Dundee under the command of Lt. L. L. Reamey and arrived in New York on 23 March 1884 8) Navy League Cadets 9) U.S.S. Decatur The fourth USS Decatur (DD-936) was a Forrest Sherman-class destroyer of the United States Navy in service from 1956 to 1983. She was named for Commodore Stephen Decatur USN (1779–1820). Decatur was modernised as a guided missile destroyer in the mid-1960s and re-designated DDG-31. After her decommissioning in 1983, she operated as the U.S. Navy's Self Defense Test Ship from 1994 to 2003. She was finally sunk as a target the following year. 10) U.S.S. Miantonomoh The second USS Miantonomoh, an iron-hulled, twin-screw, double-turreted monitor of the Amphitrite class; on June 23, 1874 by order of President Ulysses S. Grant's Secretary of Navy George M. Robeson in response to the Virginius Incident was laid down (scrapped and rebuilt) contracted by Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works of Chester, Pennsylvania; launched 5 December 1876; and commissioned in an uncompleted condition on 6 October 1882, Commander Francis J. Higginson in command. 11) Submarine base 12) U.S. Naval training Station 13) U.S. Naval Reserve 14) U.S.S. Constitution USS Constitution, also known as Old Ironsides, is a three-masted wooden-hulled heavy frigate of the United States Navy. She is the world's oldest commissioned naval warship still afloat. She was launched in 1797, one of six original frigates authorized for construction by the Naval Act of 1794 and the third constructed. The name "Constitution" was among ten names submitted to President George Washington by Secretary of War Timothy Pickering in March of 1795 for the frigates that were to be constructed. Joshua Humphreys designed the frigates to be the young Navy's capital ships, and so Constitution and her sister ships were larger and more heavily armed and built than standard frigates of the period. She was built at Edmund Hartt's shipyard in the North End of Boston, Massachusetts. Her first duties were to provide protection for American merchant shipping during the Quasi-War with France and to defeat the Barbary pirates in the First Barbary War. Constitution is most noted for her actions during the War of 1812 against the United Kingdom, when she captured numerous merchant ships and defeated five British warships: HMS Guerriere, Java, Pictou, Cyane, and Levant. The battle with Guerriere earned her the nickname "Old Ironsides" and public adoration that has repeatedly saved her from scrapping. She continued to serve as flagship in the Mediterranean and African squadrons, and she circled the world in the 1840s. During the American Civil War, she served as a training ship for the United States Naval Academy. She carried American artwork and industrial displays to the Paris Exposition of 1878. Constitution was retired from active service in 1881 and served as a receiving ship until being designated a museum ship in 1907. In 1934, she completed a three-year, 90-port tour of the nation. She sailed under her own power for her 200th birthday in 1997, and again in August 2012 to commemorate the 200th anniversary of her victory over Guerriere. Constitution's stated mission today is to promote understanding of the Navy's role in war and peace through educational outreach, historical demonstration, and active participation in public events as part of the Naval History and Heritage Command. As she is a fully commissioned Navy ship, her crew of 75 officers and sailors participate in ceremonies, educational programs, and special events while keeping her open to visitors year round and providing free tours. The officers and crew are all active-duty Navy personnel, and the assignment is considered to be special duty. She is usually berthed at Pier 1 of the former Charlestown Navy Yard at one end of Boston's Freedom Trail. 15) Naval Hospital Newport R.I. 16) US Coast Guard

Lot of four Baseball and Softball Gloves to include 1) Wilson model 679 U.S.N. Softball Glove 2) George A. Reach Co. Inc. Softball Glove 3) U.S. Marked Rawlings Model 90 Softball Glove 4) Johnny Bench Professional Model Glove by Rawlings. All leather is still very supple.

SS veteran organisation HIAG "Meine Ehre heisst Treue" bronze plate on marble. 7,5cm high bronze shield, marble block of 14 x 10 x 2 cm. Very good condition.

Parris training rifles built for the ROTC and other cadet type groups. This training rifle is 35 inches long. Painted furniture with a working lever action and trigger.

Many older carbine collectors surely remember the Montgomery Ward catalogs. In a 1944 catalog there was advertised the "Boys' Drill Rifles" which not only offered up wooden toy Springfields for sale but also the M1 Carbine! The advertisement touts that these actual reproductions were the same size shade and design of the famous Springfield and Carbine Rifles. It also states that they were genuine Walnuts stocks that were made for the United States Army and were rejected for minor imperfections. In the 1945 Montgomery Wards catalog we find another offering of the toy carbine, this time along with the M1 Garand rifle. At first glance of these toy carbines something looks off about the stocks. On closer examination you can see that the top of the stock was not machined at this point. An additional piece of wood was added to the top which bedded the wooden barrel. This piece also at least partially fills in the original barrel channel. The piece also required removing material from the recoil plate area. At first I had thought maybe this was where the defect was on the stock.Closer examination reveals that material was removed down the back of the recoil plate area so the metal clicker mechanism can be installed. Observing another of these toy carbines reveals that this must be a high stress area as both had the same crack in the same location approximately 1 1/2 inches below the additional wood piece that was added to the top of the stock. Looking at the nose we can see further evidence of the added wood piece to fill the barrel channel as well as fit the wooden barrel. It is interesting to note that these toy carbines were the only wooden toy carbines that had a magazine. The features were much closer in actual shape of a carbine then the other examples. The butt plate area is typically painted black, which is well worn and only noticeable when you look for it. The Butt area does not have any holes like the Emergency Equipment Toy. It is inconclusive if the hand guard was U.S.G.I. but it is clear that once assembled a quick and rough sanding brought the profiles together as well as defining the barrel band area. Clearly much more work was involved in producing them. These were offered up for $2.95, that would be $52.01 today. The trigger assembly still functions and cracks when you pull it. Excellent.

Totally inert and demilitarized according to BATF guidelines with hollow body and inert fuse. This mortar round cannot be converted to an explosive device and is not available for export. This is a totally genuine United States military WWII produced SHELL, M43A1, with a complete inert aluminum point detonating fuze. It still has the spring in the tip, and many internal components. The fuse base unscrews to allow the explosive chamber to be inspected. The shell body itself is marked on the side with 81MM SHELL. TP M43. A1 BLK PDR , while the fuse is unmarked. The body still has much of the original blue paint, which designates it as a Training shell. Perfect for any WWII ordnance display! The SHELL, H.E., M43 was originally adapted as the light shell for the 81-mm mortar. It is designed for use against light targets such as machine gun nests, barbed wire entanglements and personnel in the open. Shell body. The body of this shell is constructed of forged steel. It is tear-dropped in shape; that is, blunt nose and tapered tail. It has a bourrelet machined near the nose of the shell consisting of several annular grooves which serves to act as a forward bearing surface and a gas check. The action of the propelling charge gases expanding in the grooves and contracting to pass the raised portions tends to slow the gases and prevent their passing the bourrelet. The nose is machined and threaded to receive an adapter. The adapter is threaded and acts as a bushing for bakelite fuse well cup and the fuse. The bakelite fuse well cup is fitted to the adapter before it is assembled to the shell body and prevents the entrance of foreign material into the fuse cavity prior to the assembly of the fuse to the round. The fuse used is the Point-detonating Fuse M45. This fuse has a selective element and can be set for either super quick or delay action. (For details, see pages 295 to 298.) To the rear of the bourrelet is a curved taper reducing the base of the shell to approximately 1 1/Z inches. The base is closed and machined so as to receive a stabilizer assembly. The shell filler is 1.22 pounds of TNT. The total weight of the completely assembled round is 7.05 pounds. Entire length of the fused shell is 13 1/4 inches. Fin assembly. The fin assembly consists of a machined cartridge container to which six stationary fins. One end is closed and threaded so as to be screwed on to the body of the shell. The other end is machined and hollow inside so as to receive the ignition cartridge. Several holes leading from the interior to the exterior periphery of the cartridge container serve to conduct the flames from the ignition cartridge to the propellant increments which are seated in the fins. The propellant increments are in the form of small half-round celluloid increments. These increments are often referred to as "chocolate drops" due to their similar shape. Each of these increments contains 100 grains of finely granulated double base powder. Note, in the figure below, the “chocolate drops” are labeled as M45. A total of one ignition cartridge and a set of increments comprise the full propelling charge (720 grains of ballistite). The increments are held in the stabilizer assembly by small flanges on the fins and may be removed to adjust the propelling charge. #3

WWII Soviet Army 6x30 field binoculars in original case. Optics are very clear. Both binoculars and case are in very good condition.

Framed Vietnamese Special Forces Paratrooper Document named to William Abbott. The frame measures 17 1/2 X 13 1/2 inches. The document is dated 1965 and is in excellent condition. Bill enlisted into the US Army in 1959 and served 3 tours of duty in Vietnam. The first tour as an advisor to the South Vietnamese Airborne Brigade, within which--during the Battle of "Ap Bac"--a contingent of the South Vietnamese Airborne Brigade and their american advisors of MAAG Vietnam were inserted at dusk by Static Line Parachute into a "hot" LZ. Because they were under fire as they landed, this was the first and perhaps only true combat jump of the Vietnam War. Abbott was injured with shrapnel to the ankle and blunt force trauma to the knee during a "Search and Destroy" mission. The second tour as a radio operator assigned to HHC, 1st Brigade of the 101st Airborne Division and to HHC, Brigade Task Force of 25th Infantry Division- operating under direction of The Phoenix Project. And the third tour as a Special Forces radio operator/recon team specialist operating under CCN, MACV 'SOG', 5th Special Forces Group--which was awarded a Presidential Unit Citation after combat records were declassified in 2001. Abbott was a principle warrior in the siege of Khe Sanh at its peak. During his distinct service, SSGT Abbott earned The Bronze Star with Valor and The Purple Heart, and contributed to 5th SF Group's Presidential Unit Citation. SSGT Abbott was honorably discharged from active duty in 1968. When Bill ever spoke of his service in Vietnam, he liked to say, "I was a triple volunteer--I volunteered to join the Army, I volunteered for Airborne and Special Forces, and I volunteered to go to Vietnam."

This is a completely INERT example of a WWII Japanese Naval Tail Fuze for an Aerial Bomb, and is in compliance with the current BATF standards on inert ordnance. Not Available For Export. This original fuze is still housed in the original can and is in mint condition. These were used in 500 pound bombs or larger. Excellent.

This is a completely INERT example of a WWII Japanese Naval Tail Fuze for an Aerial Bomb, and is in compliance with the current BATF standards on inert ordnance. Not Available For Export. This original fuze is still housed in the original can and is in mint condition. These were used in 50 to 100 kg bombs. Excellent.

This is a completely INERT example of a WWII Japanese Fuze for a 105mm Anti Aircraft Gun, and is in compliance with the current BATF standards on inert ordnance. Not Available For Export. This fuze was used on H.E. projectiles for the Japanese 75mm and 105mm Anti- Aircraft Guns. The fuze consists of a stack four of circular rings, each with an internal channel containing a compressed black powder delay train. The overall length of the train (delay time) is adjusted by rotating these rings. The first (top) and third rings are fixed. The second and fourth rotate together. Time increments are marked at the bottom, from 0 to 30 seconds. The origin of this design can be traced back to the Bormann Time Fuze invented about 1840. It used single layer delay "ring", providing up to a five second delay and was used extensively during the American Civil War. The concept was modified, improved on and evolved through WWI and on to WWII by various countries. See my page about the WWI British No.80 combustion time fuze, for a detailed description of how these stacked delay rings work. The Japanese Type 89 is among the last combustion time fuze designs. Advances in manufacturing technology for mechanical time fuzes made the concept obsolete.

This is a completely INERT example of a WWII Japanese Mechanical Time Fuze, and is in compliance with the current BATF standards on inert ordnance. Not Available For Export. This is the Type 91 Mechanical Time Fuze, used on ammunition for the 12,7cm AA-gun. Versions were modified with a gear ring for use with gun mounts equipped with an automatic time setting device. At right is a Type 91 without the gear ring The body is made of nickel plated brass, with an aluminum nose cap. The time setting dial is inscribed from 0 to 55 seconds, in one second increments.

Early reddish-brown, leather, hard shell holster for the type 14. 8mm Nambu pistol. The hard shell fold-over flap is attached to its top by a sewn leather hinge. All complete and in super condition with the shoulder strap. Excellent. 1235-261

These are excellent inert demilitarized genuine Original Japanese WWII Type 99 MKI and MKII 20mm HE-T-SD (High Explosive, Self-Destruct, w/ Tracer) Anti-Aircraft Rounds. All four are in excellent condition.

Cotton construction, khaki-colored field cap used by the Japanese army until the end of the war. Above its stiffened, short visor, made of the same material as the body, and with five parallel rows of reinforced stitching to it, in olive drab, upon which is a yellow wool five-pointed star. Two grommets are to either side of the vertical slash to the reverse of the cap; the four are bound together by an adjustable tie string. The interior is lined in silk with a black leather sweatband.

An tan canvas construction side cap as used by the Japanese navy. A yellow anchor with a cherry blossom to its center is machine woven on a 1 5/8" tall, vertical oval patch sewn to its front. A 3/8", horizontal black band is sewn 3/8" above the edge of the cap its entire circumference, signifying the rank of Petty Officer. The doubled canvas chin strap, whose ends are sewn over each ear, is in the same color and material as the rest of the cap, and is complete with its two adjustment loops. The short, unstiffened visor is also made of the same material as the body, and it has three, parallel, reinforcing stitch lines to it. The cap has three reinforced ventilation holes to either side of its crown. Two reinforced eyelets are on either side of a 1 1/2" slit to the reverse, where a tie string is looped between them for size adjustment. The unlined interior of the cap has a rectangular ink stamp to its crown. It's a sweatband, in the same material as the cap. Excellent.

Imperial Japanese World War II Naval Enlisted Mans Cap. The body and chin cord is a whip cord material. Has a machine embroidered bevo woven cotton navy anchor insignia in the center on the front. The inside is nicely marked. Multi piece machine sewn khaki cotton construction. Excellent condition.

Vietnam French Army gear system to include Pistol Holster, Mas Ammo Pouches, Cleaning Kit Holster, Cleaning Oil Bottle, Suspenders and Belt. This rig dates to the 1950's and in excellent condition.

WWII Japanese Patriotic Aircraft Factory Production Banner measuring 31 X 35 inches excluding the yellow fringe. Flag still retains the original ties. with reinforced corners. Excellent.

WWII Imperial Japanese large patriotic banner in excellent condition measuring 54 X 16 1/2 showing a National flag wishing luck in the War.

A silk rising sun Japanese battle flag is a printed flag measuring approximately 29 x 41. Nice untouched example with several separations. The Veteran who signed the flag was John V. Bellamy and he also wrote all of the Islands he and his crew went on. After Pacific shakedown, the new seaplane tender stood out from San Diego 26 February 1945 and steamed for Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. She reported to Commander, Marshall-Gilbert area for training in mid-March, and she arrived Saipan 1 April 1945 to provide seaplane tending services.  Norton Sound anchored 1 May 1945 at Aka Kaikyo, Kerama Retto, and by 21 June 1945 had assisted in downing three hostile air raiders. Air alerts continued until midnight, 14 August 1945. Word of the Japanese surrender arrived eight hours later, and into September the tender engaged in upkeep and air operations at Okinawa. She steamed for Sasebo, Japan 21 September 1945, returning to Okinawa one week later. Norton Sound called at Shanghai, China 1 October 1945, and by the 23rd of that month she was at Tsingtao, where she tended seaplanes until 7 November 1945. The next day she anchored at Shanghai, and from then until April 1946, she remained on duty with the occupation forces between China and Japan. Norton Sound departed Tokyo Bay 7 April 1946 for Norfolk, Virginia. After overhaul there she joined the Atlantic Fleet. She operated off the east coast until October 1947, when she steamed for San Diego to rejoin the Pacific Fleet. Norton Sound received two battle stars for World War II service.

Lot of Vietnam Era Helmet liners with one complete helmet. There are a total of 7 liners and as mentioned the complete helmet. All are serviceable. .

Vietnam era Tigerstripe Jacket in excellent condition with the jacket being size marked US-S Small. Shows minimal wear.

No signs of wear. 29 inch inseam US Army Vietnam Special Forces LRRP "Tiger stripe" Pants. Marked US S or Small. Condition is mint with no sign of wear and is 100% correct to the Vietnam conflict.

A Senninbari or One-thousand stitch is a strip of cloth that measures approximately 48 X 6 1/2 inches. Senninbari were given as an amulet by women to soldiers on their way to war as a part of the Shinto culture of Imperial Japan.The name on the belt is Ikeda Yasuo with address as Shizuoka Pref Iwata Town, Naka-Izumi. Excellent. Construction, and types: Senninbari were most commonly made from white cloth with 1000 red stitches added. This is seen as a very lucky color combination. Yellow, red, and green cloth were also used with varying colored threads (yellow-gold, red, white, black, green, etc.) applied. The stitches were usually arranged in multiple rows but might also be placed in patterns creating images of flags, patriotic slogans or tigers. The most common slogan seen was bu-un cho-kyu or "eternal good luck in war". Tigers as stitched or painted artwork were popularly portrayed on senninbari since they were known to be able to roam far away from home and then return safely. Senninbari took various forms and were not just made as belts. Some forms included hachimaki (headbands), belts, vests, and caps. The rarest forms of senninbari take the form of good luck flags. Senninbari were most commonly made to be worn around the waist. These examples are known as senninbari-haramaki (a haramaki or abdomen belt is traditionally worn in Japan to help maintain good health). History: The custom of producing senninbari originated during the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. In their earliest forms, senninbari were small handkerchief sized pieces of square material that contained 1000 knots or stitches applied to it in order to impart strength to the material. The implication of this was that as an amulet, or good luck piece, compounded strength or luck was to be passed along to the man carrying it. In general, senninbari and later one-thousand stitch belts were believed to confer courage, good luck and immunity from injury (especially bullets) upon their wearers. Some Japanese soldiers rejected the belief that the senninbari could protect them from harm. Instead, they felt that this good luck item would simply allow them to be in the position to inflict the greatest damage upon the enemy before offering their life up in battle. Others in the military wore the senninbari as a devotional to the women back home. Makers: A senninbari could be made by a man's mother, sister, or wife if married, who would stand near their local temple, train station, or department store and ask any female passerby to sew in a French knot stitch. During the most hectic days of the War in order to meet demand, women's patriotic organizations would gather to make senninbari en masse. These were then placed in imonbukuro or comfort bags and sent overseas to the soldiers. According to the custom, any woman born in the "year of the Tiger" could sew either 12 stitches or a number of stitches that added up to her age. Some belts were lined with the woman/women's hair as an added form of protection. The custom of placing hair in bags or pouches as a good luck charm, dates to early folk belief found on the island of Okinawa. Additionally, coins could be sewn into the belt as an amulet as well.

A very nice example of a genuine US Coast Guard APH-5 flight helmet made by Gentex Corporation, this particular model of helmet was manufactured in the late 1950's and was used throughout the 60's. The white paintwork is in very good shape with some typical small chips here and there from usage, leather padding is present and in good shape as well as the adjustable chin strap, has the blue 'split wings' on the front that are unique to the U.S. Navy, and Coast Guard. The pull down visor is present and the pull down bottom mechanism is in working order. Excellent.

Its exterior is painted in rough-textured olive drab. To the interior, its leather and webbed liner are fully intact, with a thick felt padding ringing the inside edge of the helmet, with a wider portion to the rear to protect the neck. There are four khaki/tan HBT web straps, with a tie string, to the interior crown for fit adjustment. Its natural leather sweatband is stamped "CCL" and "7 1/8" within a shield, indicating the size and "1943" indicating the date of manufacture. The three point, early leather chinstrap and chin cup is complete. Comes with a "2 tone" camo net with original scrim. Excellent. The Airborne, being impressed with the MKI dispatch rider helmet and the same shell being used by the armoured corps decided to drop their fiber production helmet and to use the same shell to produce their MKII helmet in 1943. 490-6049

The Order of the Red Banner of Labour was an order of the Soviet Union established to honour great deeds and services to the Soviet state and society in the fields of production, science, culture, literature, the arts, education, sports, health, social and other spheres of labour activities. It is the labour counterpart of the military Order of the Red Banner. A few institutions and factories, being the pride of Soviet Union, also received the order. The Order of the Red Banner of Labour was the third-highest civil award in the Soviet Union, after the Order of Lenin and the Order of the October Revolution. The Order of the Red Banner of Labour began solely as an award of the Russian SFSR on December 28, 1920. The all-Union equivalent was established by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on September 7, 1928, and approved by another decree on September 15, 1928. The Order's statute and regulations were modified by multiple successive decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, on May 7, 1936, on June 19, 1943, on March 28, 1980,[5] and on July 18, 1980. The medal is excellent with fine enamels and is numbered 596003. Excellent. 490-6073

Very nice felt Robin Hood style hat with a wide ribbed band and rope design around the base. Large relief embroidered gold bullion eagle with horn device that is numbered 3. Gold ribbon inverted chevron. Leather sweatband. Shows some wear but overall nice condition, approximate size 57.The personnel for the mountain (Alpini) divisions was drawn from Italy's mountainous Alpine region and tended to be of superior quality. In addition to being well trained for mountain warfare, they were expert in the handling of pack artillery. The mountain divisions differed from a standard infantry division in that each regiment had its own artillery, engineering, and ancillary services associated with the regiment on a permanent basis. This made each regiment of a mountain division relatively self-supporting and capable of independent action. By design, a mountain division consisted of a divisional headquarters, two mountain infantry regiments, an artillery regiment, a mixed engineer battalion, a chemical warfare company, two reserve mountain infantry battalions, and divisional services. The divisional headquarters included an anti-tank platoon. Each mountain infantry regiment included its own headquarters company, with a platoon of flamethrowers. Each regiment also included three mountain infantry battalions and regimental services. At full strength, the firepower for a mountain infantry regiment was 27 heavy machine guns, 81 light machine guns, 27 45 mm mortars, 12 81 mm mortars, and 27 flamethrowers. The artillery regiment was split between the two infantry regiments. Each regiment was provided with a battalion of 75 mm howitzers. All were transported on pack animals.

Lot of militaria to include Photos, US, Japanese and German. Post WWII US Patches, Danger Forward The Magazine of the Big Red One, Vietnam. Russian Ammo Pouch with Bulgarian 7.62X54 yellow tip heavy ball rounds Chinese Army Hat, Foreign Currency and other items.

Lot of three Japanese National Flags to include 1) WWII SMALL JAPANESE NATIONAL FLAG. A silk Japanese National flag is a printed flag measuring approximately 13 3/4 x 9 1/2. Nice untouched example. 2) WWII JAPANESE NATIONAL FLAG. A silk Japanese National flag is a printed flag measuring approximately 27 x 31.Nice untouched example. 3) WWII JAPANESE NATIONAL FLAG. A silk Japanese National flag is a printed flag measuring approximately 31 x 31. Nice untouched example and has the inscription "Aug 11 1942 Guadalcanal" .

15th or 16th Century Chinese Wood Printing block measuring 19 1/4 X 11 inches and has kanji on both sides. Excellent.

The sword has a 23 1/2" cutting edge. The blade is bright with scattered rubs and marks. Visible hamon is well defined. The tsuba is brass WW2 type and the habaki is copper. The tsuka has ray skin grip covered in cloth wrap. The saya is typical Army. Overall length of the katana is 39". Excellent.

WWII Type-30 Japanese Jinsen Rikugun Zoheisho Arsenal Bayonet with scabbard in excellent condition. Blade is still very bright with minimal sharpening. Still retains the original leather frog.

Lot of two British medals to include 1) Safe Driving Competition Medal for 5 Years Free of Accidents Driving Award and is dated 1940. The reverse is marked War Substitute For Silver Medal.2) British Society Medal from King George the VI.The medal says Ducit Amor Patriae Love of Country Leads. This medal is in Sterling.

Lot of CMTC Citizens Military Training Camps items to include 1) Collar Disks 2) National Defence Badge 3) Marksmanship Badge in Sterling 4)  Celluloid Badge 5) CMTC Medal with the inscription "Presented By Lt. George Bradley C.M.H. Post 173 Regular Veterans Association Newport R.I. 1939" and is in Sterling 6) Piece of canvas tent fabric with signatures of members of a CMTC Camp from Tent No. 8 Battery "D" C.M.T.C. Port Hancock N.J. 1929. Citizens' Military Training Camps (CMTC) were military training programs of the United States. Held annually each summer during the years 1921 to 1940, the CMTC camps differed from National Guard and Organized Reserve training in that the program allowed male citizens to obtain basic military training without an obligation to call-up for active duty. The CMTC were authorized by the National Defense Act of 1920 as a compromise that rejected universal military training. In its nearly two decades of operation, the CMTC trained some 400,000 men in at least one season from 1921 to 1940. Overall the program was disappointing, as only 5,000 officer commissions were awarded to men who completed the required four summers of training. Before the United States entered World War I, private citizens of the Preparedness Movement set up what were known as the "Plattsburg camps" to build a reserve of qualified men. These provided at least one summer of training in 1915 and 1916 to some 40,000 men, who were all college graduates and largely drawn from elite social classes.Plattsburgh camps: As tensions increased and war broke out in Europe, some Americans concerned about United States participation organized the Preparedness Movement, made up of a group of influential Americans who supported the Allies of World War I. Before the U.S. entered into World War I, private citizens organized what were known as the "Plattsburgh camps", a volunteer pre-enlistment training program. The camps were set up and funded privately. The group recognized that the standing U.S. Army was far too small to help the Allies and would have to expand immensely if the U.S. went to war. The Movement established the camps to train additional potential Army officers during the summers of 1915 and 1916. The largest and best known camp was near Plattsburgh, New York under the command of Captain Halstead Dorey. Trainees included Grenville Clark, Willard Straight, Robert Bacon, Mayor John Purroy Mitchel, and Bishop James De Wolf Perry. Some 40,000 men (all college graduates) attended the Plattsburgh camp and other sites. They became physically fit, learned to march and shoot, and provided the cadre of a wartime officer corps. Enlistees were required to pay their own expenses. Suggestions by labor unions that talented working-class youth be invited to Plattsburgh were ignored. These camps were formalized under the Military Training Camps Association, which in 1917 launched a monthly magazine, National Service. (In 1922, the magazine was acquired by and folded into The American Army and Navy Journal, and Gazette of the Regular, National Guard and Reserve Forces.)CMTC: The program was divided into three four-week courses designated “Red,” “White.” and “Blue.” The Red Course consisted of preliminary and practical military training (school of the soldier). Completion of this course made a candidate eligible to enlist in the Organized Reserve and for attendance at the White Course. The White Course consisted of intermediate military training (small unit tactics, marksmanship, basic aspects of the arm or service of the camp). Completion of this course made a candidate eligible for promotion to non-commissioned officer rank in the Organized Reserve and for attendance at the Blue Course. The Blue Course consisted of advanced military training (leadership, officership, advanced aspects of the arm or service of the camp). Completion of this course made a candidate eligible for commissioning as a second lieutenant in the arm or service in which he was qualified at the three camps. Ideally, a CMTC candidate attended one of these courses each summer over a three-year period. Upon conclusion of the third course, and after the candidate had taken the required pre- commissioning examinations, he would be offered a commission as a second lieutenant in the Organized Reserve.  At their peak in 1928 and 1929, about 40,000 men received training annually, but the camps were considered disappointing in achieving stated goals, especially in the commissioning of Organized Reserve officers; only 5,000 such commissions were awarded over the 20-year history of the CMTC. No records appear to have survived that document total participation, but it is estimated that 400,000 men had at least one summer of training. Among known participants were Harry S. Truman, Ronald Reagan, Robert Penn Warren, Walter S. McIlhenny, Chuck Yeager, John J. McCloy and William Guarnere. In December 1928, Secretary of War Dwight F. Davis directed that Organized Reserve units (rather than individual Reserve personnel) be used in the actual running of CMTC camps and the conduct of training for CMTC cadets. These camps gave Organized Reserve and "Regular Army Inactive" (RAI) units that were staffed with Reserve personnel one of their few chances to operate like fully functional organizations. Unlike Regular Army or National Guard units, Organized Reserve and RAI units possessed few enlisted men and were essentially officer cadres. Therefore, the Citizens Military Training Camps provided superb opportunities for these units' officers to conduct the training of organizations and exercise effective command from the squad to regimental level. These camps also gave the units' staffs a chance to wrestle with realistic personnel, training and planning challenges as well. In this way, the CMTC also substantially contributed to preparing tens of thousands of Organized Reserve officers for the leadership demands of military command and staffs. Additionally, the military training provided by the Reservists and their Regular Army counterparts, introduced hundreds of thousands of young men to military discipline, order, and training. Many of these men would later serve in World War II as volunteers, draftees, and, for a substantial number, as officers. In at least these two ways, the CMTC was partially responsible for the U.S. Army's ability to rapidly mobilize for, and fight in, World War II

Lot of two US swords to include 1) Shortened M1860 Cavalry Saber that is 28 inches overall with a 21 1/2 in blade. The pommel is stamped JM & M (Justin Murphy) 2) Reproduction M1841 Naval Cutlass. 1179-1157 2024-13

WWII US Insignia lot to include 1) AIR CORPS AIR CREW 3 INCH WINGS. marked Sterling to the reverse 2) COLONEL OFFICERS SHIRT DEVICES. In sterling on the original blue card. 3) US OFFICERS COLLAR DEVICES. Two complete sets 4) 1920's US ARTILLERY I COMPANY ENLISTED COLLAR DISKS. 5) US ARMY OFFICERS VISOR HAT EAGLE. 6) COMBAT INFANTRY BADGE WITH STAR IN STERLING BY E&H SIMON. 7) PAIR OF 13TH INFANTRY REGIMENT DI'S. Both are excellent.

Operation IRAQ Iraqi Army Military Intelligence Silver award wall plate/plaque measuring 9 1/2 inches in diameter Excellent.

Large lot of WW1 & WWII mostly American US Army and Marine Corps button lot. 2024-34

Lot of USMC EGA's Eagle Globe and Anchor to include Sweetheart and epaulettes insignia and collar devices. 1037-269 1037-288 1037-259 1037-259 1037-259 1037-276 1037-260 1037-304 1037-304 1037-304 1037-304 1037-304 1037-304 1037-305 1037-277

Lot of US Militaria to include 1) 6th Army Brass Belt Buckle 2) Coastal Artillery Belt Buckle 3) US Navy Belt Buckle 4) 27th Division Membership Lapel Pin. 5) 29th Division Membership Lapel Pin.6) 88th Division Membership Lapel Pin 7) Sweetheart Bracelet with City Crest of Europe.

Lot of USMC EGA's Eagle Globe and Anchor to include Visor Cap insignia and collar devices. 1037-277 1037-327 1037-327 1037-327 1037-280 1037-297 1037-297 1037-296 1037-296 1037-294 1037-295 1037-295 1037-295 1037-295 1037-296 1037-293 1037-293 1037-293 1037-293 1037-323 1037-323 1037-323 1037-323 1037-323 1037-314 1037-314 1037-314 1037-321 1037-321 1037-321 1037-320 1037-329 1037-329 1037-329 1037-330 1037-3230 1037-321

Distinctive Unit Insignia lot of 55. All are excellent mostly with fine enamel.

Lot of three pairs of Enlisted Marine Corps Trousers to include 1) 1919 1920 Enlisted Marine Corps Trousers with pewter dish button front with buttons marked U.S. Marine Corps with roughly a 30 inch waist 2) WWII Enlisted Trousers with Blood Stripe that is named to the interior Esteban Vasquez with a 28 inch waist 3) WWII Enlisted Trousers that is named to the interior C. F. Wilson Jr. Roughly a 28 inch waist

Lot of WWII Female related to include 1) Life Magazine dated July 19, 1943 with a WASP Pilot to the front Cover. 2) The Playbill for the Lyceum Theatre titled "The Doughgirls" 3) Small Cover showing Nurses of the Army Air Corps.

Lot of Korean War Era US Servicemen's uniform grouping of a member of the 4th Corps with several khaki service shirts size 15 X 32, Medical Piped Overseas Caps, Ties, Enlisted Khaki Visor Hat size marked 7 1/4, Fatigue Jackets, Brown High Top Leather Boots size are roughly a 10

Lot of three North Korean Officer Hat Badges. All are Excellent.

Dug, crashed piece of P-51 Aircraft from the 339 Fighter Group flown by Lt. William A. Jones. He was shot down on September 11th 1944 South West of Boblingen near Stuttgart Germany. The plane was shot down by Heinz-Helmut Baudach in a ME262 Jet. Baudach was born 7 September 1918 and died of wounds sustained on 22 February 1945. He was credited with 21 aerial victories.

Airframe piece from American B26 Marauder number 42-96263 the plane was on a D-Day bombing mission on the 6th June 1944 when it collided with another plane and crashed in Kent. On the June 6th 1944, D-Day, it was the first mission of the day for the 394th Bombardment Group of the United States Air Force stationed at the Royal Air Force airfield at Boreham, Essex, England. Flying B-26 Marauder air-craft, the self-proclaimed "bridge-busters" flew attacks on bridges in Nazi-occupied France and the Low Countries. On D-Day Allied forces stormed the Normandy beaches of occupied France to turn the tide against the Nazi stranglehold on Western Europe. On that day the 394th's mission was to bomb gun positions at Varreville on France's northwest coast. Flying above Gillingham, Kent at 5:30 am the two 826 bombers collided mid-air all the crews in both planes were killed The other 826 crashed into homes on Corporation Road in Gillingham resulting in the deaths of four civilians. This B 26 marauder crashed into the orchard of East Court farm in Boreham killing the pilot 2nd Lieut. Claude W Kline Jnr and his crew Emil F Ostrowski, Raymond F Sablatura; Joseph Amato, Boris R Selinsky and James F Bechtler. Wreckage was strewn over quite a large area of the orchard. Some landed behind the barn and the resulting explosion blew out the back of the barn. Another large piece landed against the Drawing room window of the house. The body of Claude W Kline is buried now at the American Cemetery at Cambridge. The Military removed what they could find of the rest of the crew could not be found. Piece measures roughly 12 inches long

An olive-drab painted aluminum canteen with a wood stopper and webbed carrying harness. All complete and in excellent condition.

Lot of American Squadron Patches to include RA-5C Vigilante, HS122 Japan Navy Overseas Training Cruise 87, War Games North Arabian Sea Nov 87-Feb 88. VAW-115, 68th MIL ALFT SQ. Desert Shield, US Navy Foreign Legion, Pacific Air Force, B-24 Liberator, Old Japan Hand, Gulf Of Sidra Raghead Roundup 80-81, Sam Slayer, Operation Suthern Watch It Flies It Dies, 31st Tach=tical Hospitol, Phantom II, B-1B 1000 Hours, VS-21 First Vikings Around the World Westpac 77, United Nations, F-14D A New Breed, Pacific Vagabonds Mass TWO, Armada Argentina Aviacion Naval, 1993 Year of the Cock Westpac, 1993 Year of the Cock Westpac, 11th F.T.W. Shizuhama Air Base, USS Midway CVW5 Operation Desert Storm, 2nd Fighter Squadron, Poseidon Hachinohe, USS Coral Sea Naval Security Group, Eternal Vigilance, USS ranger Final Cruise 1992-93, CVW-5 On Last Midway Deployment 1973 1991, The Ageless Warrior Coral Sea, 62 TFS, ATC Turkey Shoot 1986, USS Independence CV-6 Cruise 80-81, 527th TFTAS Aggressors, USS Stickell DD-888 West Pac 1966, Aethera Nobis, The Spirit of 76, Fleet Intelligence Center Pacific Facility, ATSUGI 74 Skeleton, A-6C TRIM, CV41 Carrier Wing 1988, FART PAC We Pass More Gas, EP-3B/E Faireconron One, Catapult Crew, USS Independence 79 Cruise, JMSDF VP-3 ATSUGI 306th TAC FTR SQ. Komatsu A.B., 833d CMBT SPT GP, 184 TFG Intelligence, Electronic Security Command, 88 Fox, USS Andrew Jackson, 305th TFS, First to Attack Iraq War Combat Cruise Desert Storm, Line of Death 85 96 Med Cruise, Fr=ar East Cruise 7th Fleet, Nato Tiger Meet 1990, USS Taut SSN 639 PACSUBICEX I-82, 494th FTR SQ, 93rd Bombardment Wing CCTS Instructor, 27 TASS First In Last Out, Gulf of Oman Yacht Club, Gonzo Station, VA-115 Eagles/Norpac 83 Loaded For Bear, USS midway CV-41 1991 OPS Desert Storm, Doolittle Raiders, Special Research Team &AW F-4EJ, CV-41 USS Midway in Westpac 1990 Hand In There Gramma, ATSUGI 51, Faireconron One, US Naval Communication San Miguel, CV-62 CVW-5 1992 Gulf Cruise, End Of An Era USS Hancock 1971, Old Japan Hand, War Games North Arabian Sea Nov 87 - Feb 88, North Africa Bomb Comp 86, TSUIKI Air Base Group, 82d TACAIR 7GT SQ, VR-22 USS Midway PLAT-LENS, F-16 CSPS MacDill AFB, N.A.S. Weapons ATSUGI JAPAN, 13th BTRY GIFU A.B.F-14, SUPER TOMCAT, Escort Flotilla One Yokosuka, 4450th Tactical Group F-117A Stealth, Red Horse, JMSDF VP-3 ATSUGI, William Tell 88 Georgia, Corsair II, Year of the Horse Japan WEST PAC 1990. Curtiss P-40. USS Carl Vinson, Tiger Meet 77 Upper Heyford Aircrew, DD128 Yokosuka HARUYUKI, 201stTFS, F-14 Bombcats, Matsushima 22nd SQ, 57th Fighter Interceptor Squadron ICELAND, 613th TFS, I Survived The Tailhook 91 Witch Hunt